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Zhao M, Zhang L, Chen J, Gu S, Wu R, Jia C. Associations between carotid plaque shape, biomechanical parameters, and ischemic stroke in mild carotid stenosis with a single plaque. Ultrasonography 2024; 43:209-219. [PMID: 38644636 PMCID: PMC11079503 DOI: 10.14366/usg.24019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This cross-sectional cohort-comparison observational study investigated the value of high-frame-rate vector flow (V Flow) imaging for evaluating differences in carotid plaque shape and biomechanical parameters in patients with mild stenosis according to a recent history of ipsilateral ischemic stroke. METHODS The present study included 352 patients from February 2023 to October 2023, who were categorized as symptomatic or asymptomatic based on a history of recent ischemic stroke and ipsilateral ischemic lesions detected on head computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging. A Mindray Resona R9 system was used for B-mode ultrasonography and V Flow imaging. The upstream and downstream surfaces of the plaques were examined at the carotid bifurcation for wall shear stress (WSS), oscillatory shear index (OSI), and turbulence index, which performed peri-plaque biomechanical condition. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to determine associations between plaque shape, V Flow parameters, and ischemic stroke. RESULTS Symptomatic patients exhibited higher WSS values for the upstream and downstream surfaces of carotid plaque, as well as higher OSI and turbulence index values for the downstream surface. Type Ⅲ plaques and higher WSS and OSI values for the downstream surface of the plaque were significantly associated with ischemic stroke. Type Ⅲ plaques were more prevalent in symptomatic patients and demonstrated much higher WSS and OSI values for the downstream plaque surface in both groups. CONCLUSION High-frame-rate V Flow imaging could assess peri-plaque biomechanical forces and may provide effective imaging biomarkers for early prediction of ischemic stroke in patients with mild stenosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Zhao
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- Department of Ultrasound, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Luni Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Ultrasound, Shanghai General Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Ultrasound, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shiyao Gu
- Department of Ultrasound, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Rong Wu
- School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
- Department of Ultrasound, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Caixia Jia
- Department of Ultrasound, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Franchin M, Goddi A, Muscato P, Cervarolo MC, Piffaretti G, Tozzi M. Implanted blood vessel external support device for the treatment of distal hypoperfusion ischemic syndrome in arteriovenous fistulas and high-frame-rate Vector Flow quality assessment. J Vasc Access 2024; 25:642-650. [PMID: 36708038 DOI: 10.1177/11297298231151715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Distal hypoperfusion ischemic syndrome (DHIS) is a complication occurring after arteriovenous fistula (AVF) creation. Different surgical alternatives haves been proposed in case of severe DHIS. Aim of the present paper is to present a new technique for DHIS treatment. MATERIAL AND METHODS Between the 1st of January 2021 and the 31st December 2021 all the patients referred to our center for DHIS grade 2-4 were treated with a new surgical technique. It consists of AVF remodeling using an external nitinol support (VasQ®) to reduce the risk of outflow vein enlargement and DHIS recurrence. To better appreciate the hemodynamic effects of the surgery, a new ultrasound technique called high-frame-rate Vector Flow (HiFR-VF) was used. RESULTS Seven patients (M:F 1:3; mean age 43 ± 12 years, range 29-65) were included in this study. Central line was never necessary, and technical success was 100% at 12 months. The comparison with historical data demonstrated lower recurrence of symptoms in comparison to simple artery-to-vein redo (p 0.50). The HiFR-VF showed flow with limited turbulent characteristics at the anastomosis site. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION The new technique proposed demonstrated to be safe and effective for treatment of DHIS, preventing symptoms recurrence. Ultrasound examination and HiFR-VF can be considered a valuable method to evaluate complex flows at the levels of vascular anastomosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Franchin
- Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery and Morphological Sciences, Circolo University Teaching Hospital, University of Insubria School of Medicine, Varese, Italy
| | - Alfredo Goddi
- Centro Medico SME - Diagnostica per Immagini, Varese, Italy
| | - Paola Muscato
- Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery and Morphological Sciences, Circolo University Teaching Hospital, University of Insubria School of Medicine, Varese, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Cervarolo
- Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery and Morphological Sciences, Circolo University Teaching Hospital, University of Insubria School of Medicine, Varese, Italy
| | - Gabriele Piffaretti
- Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery and Morphological Sciences, Circolo University Teaching Hospital, University of Insubria School of Medicine, Varese, Italy
| | - Matteo Tozzi
- Vascular Surgery, Department of Surgery and Morphological Sciences, Circolo University Teaching Hospital, University of Insubria School of Medicine, Varese, Italy
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Tavelli L, Kripfgans OD, Chan HL, Vera Rodriguez M, Sabri H, Mancini L, Wang HL, Giannobile WV, Barootchi S. Doppler ultrasonographic evaluation of tissue revascularization following connective tissue graft at implant sites. J Clin Periodontol 2023. [PMID: 37861110 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
AIM To assess the Doppler ultrasonographic tissue perfusion at dental implant sites augmented with connective tissue graft (CTG) using coronally advanced flap (CAF) or tunnel technique (TUN). MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-eight patients presenting with isolated healthy peri-implant soft-tissue dehiscence (PSTD) were included in this randomized clinical trial. PSTDs were treated with either CAF + CTG or TUN + CTG. Ultrasound scans were taken at baseline, 1 week, 1 month, 6 months and 12 months. Tissue perfusion at the mid-facial, mesial and distal aspects of the implant sites was assessed by colour Doppler velocity (CDV) and power Doppler imaging (PDI). Early vascularization of the graft and the flap at 1 week and at 1 month were evaluated via dynamic tissue perfusion measurements (DTPMs), including flow intensity (FI), mean perfusion relief intensity (pRI) and mean perfused area (pA). RESULTS Regression analysis did not reveal significant differences in terms of mid-facial CDV and PDI changes between CAF and TUN over 12 months (p > .05), while significant differences between the two groups were observed at the interproximal areas (p < .001 for both CDV and PDI changes). Higher early DTPMs were observed at the TUN-treated sites in terms of mean FI of the graft (p = .027) and mean FI (p = .024) and pRI of the flap (p = .031) compared with CAF-treated sites at 1 week. Assessment of the FI direction showed that CTG perfusion at 1 week and at 1 month mainly occurred from the flap towards the implant/bone. Early tissue perfusion outcomes were found to be associated with the 12-month mean PSTD coverage and mucosal thickness gain. CONCLUSIONS Doppler ultrasonography shows tissue perfusion changes occurring at implant sites augmented with CTG. The main differences in tissue perfusion between CAF and TUN were observed at the interproximal sites, with early perfusion associated with clinical and volumetric outcomes at 12 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Tavelli
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection, and Immunity, Division of Periodontology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Center for clinical Research and evidence synthesis In oral TissuE RegeneratION (CRITERION), Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Oliver D Kripfgans
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Hsun-Liang Chan
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Maria Vera Rodriguez
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Postgraduate Periodontics, Division of Periodontics, Columbia University College of Dental Medicine, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Hamoun Sabri
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Leonardo Mancini
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection, and Immunity, Division of Periodontology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Center for clinical Research and evidence synthesis In oral TissuE RegeneratION (CRITERION), Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Hom-Lay Wang
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - William V Giannobile
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection, and Immunity, Division of Periodontology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Shayan Barootchi
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection, and Immunity, Division of Periodontology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Center for clinical Research and evidence synthesis In oral TissuE RegeneratION (CRITERION), Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Wild NC, Bulusu KV, Plesniak MW. Vortical Structures Promote Atheroprotective Wall Shear Stress Distributions in a Carotid Artery Bifurcation Model. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:1036. [PMID: 37760138 PMCID: PMC10525770 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10091036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Carotid artery diseases, such as atherosclerosis, are a major cause of death in the United States. Wall shear stresses are known to prompt plaque formation, but there is limited understanding of the complex flow structures underlying these stresses and how they differ in a pre-disposed high-risk patient cohort. A 'healthy' and a novel 'pre-disposed' carotid artery bifurcation model was determined based on patient-averaged clinical data, where the 'pre-disposed' model represents a pathological anatomy. Computational fluid dynamic simulations were performed using a physiological flow based on healthy human subjects. A main hairpin vortical structure in the internal carotid artery sinus was observed, which locally increased instantaneous wall shear stress. In the pre-disposed geometry, this vortical structure starts at an earlier instance in the cardiac flow cycle and persists over a much shorter period, where the second half of the cardiac cycle is dominated by perturbed secondary flow structures and vortices. This coincides with weaker favorable axial pressure gradient peaks over the sinus for the 'pre-disposed' geometry. The findings reveal a strong correlation between vortical structures and wall shear stress and imply that an intact internal carotid artery sinus hairpin vortical structure has a physiologically beneficial role by increasing local wall shear stresses. The deterioration of this beneficial vortical structure is expected to play a significant role in atherosclerotic plaque formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora C. Wild
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The George Washington University, 800 22nd Street NW, Science & Engineering Hall, Suite 3000, Washington, DC 20052, USA; (N.C.W.); (K.V.B.)
| | - Kartik V. Bulusu
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The George Washington University, 800 22nd Street NW, Science & Engineering Hall, Suite 3000, Washington, DC 20052, USA; (N.C.W.); (K.V.B.)
| | - Michael W. Plesniak
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The George Washington University, 800 22nd Street NW, Science & Engineering Hall, Suite 3000, Washington, DC 20052, USA; (N.C.W.); (K.V.B.)
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The George Washington University, 800 22nd Street NW, Science & Engineering Hall, Suite 3000, Washington, DC 20052, USA
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Ding J, Du Y, Zhao R, Yang Q, Zhu L, Tong Y, Wen C, Wang M. Detection of Abnormal Wall Shear Stress and Oscillatory Shear Index via Ultrasound Vector Flow Imaging as Possible Indicators for Arteriovenous Fistula Stenosis in Hemodialysis. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2023; 49:1830-1836. [PMID: 37270353 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2023.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is an essential vascular access for hemodialysis patients. AVF stenosis may occur at sites with abnormal wall shear stress (WSS) and oscillatory shear index (OSI), which are caused by the complex flow in the AVF. At present, an effective method for rapid determination of the WSS and OSI of the AVF is lacking. The objective of this study was to apply an ultrasound-based method for determination of the WSS and OSI to explore the risk sites of the AVF. METHODS In this study, the ultrasound vector flow imaging technique V Flow was applied to measure the WSS and OSI at four different regions of the AVF to detect and analyze the risk sites: (i) anastomosis region, (ii) curved region, (iii) proximal vein and (iv) distal vein. Twenty-one patients were included in this study. The relative residence time was calculated based on the measured WSS and OSI. RESULTS The curved region had the lowest WSS; the anastomosis region had a significantly higher OSI (p < 0.05) compared with the venous regions, and the curved region had a significantly higher RRT (p < 0.05) compared with the proximal vein region. CONCLUSION V Flow is a feasible tool for studying WSS variations in AVF. The possible risk site in the AVF may be located in the anastomosis and curved regions, where the latter could present a higher risk for AVF stenosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxiang Ding
- Peking University International Hospital, Beijing, China.
| | - Yigang Du
- Shenzhen Mindray Bio-Medical Electronics Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, China
| | - Rui Zhao
- Peking University International Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qinghua Yang
- Peking University International Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Zhu
- Shenzhen Mindray Bio-Medical Electronics Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, China
| | - Yisha Tong
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Austin Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Chaoyang Wen
- Peking University International Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Mei Wang
- Peking University International Hospital, Beijing, China
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Suriani I, van Houte J, de Boer EC, van Knippenberg L, Manzari S, Mischi M, Bouwman RA. Carotid Doppler ultrasound for non-invasive haemodynamic monitoring: a narrative review. Physiol Meas 2023; 43. [PMID: 36179705 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6579/ac96cb] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Objective.Accurate haemodynamic monitoring is the cornerstone in the management of critically ill patients. It guides the optimization of tissue and organ perfusion in order to prevent multiple organ failure. In the past decades, carotid Doppler ultrasound (CDU) has been explored as a non-invasive alternative for long-established invasive haemodynamic monitoring techniques. Considering the large heterogeneity in reported studies, we conducted a review of the literature to clarify the current status of CDU as a haemodynamic monitoring tool.Approach.In this article, firstly an overview is given of the equipment and workflow required to perform a CDU exam in clinical practice, the limitations and technical challenges potentially faced by the CDU sonographer, and the cerebrovascular mechanisms that may influence CDU measurement outcomes. The following chapter describes alternative techniques for non-invasive haemodynamic monitoring, detailing advantages and limitations compared to CDU. Next, a comprehensive review of the literature regarding the use of CDU for haemodynamic monitoring is presented. Furthermore, feasibility aspects, training requirements and technical developments of CDU are addressed.Main results.Based on the outcomes of these studies, we assess the applicability of CDU-derived parameters within three clinical domains (cardiac output, volume status, and fluid responsiveness), and amongst different patient groups. Finally, recommendations are provided to improve the quality and standardization of future research and clinical practice in this field.Significance.Although CDU is not yet interchangeable with invasive 'gold standard' cardiac output monitoring, the present work shows that certain CDU-derived parameters prove promising in the context of functional haemodynamic monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Suriani
- Eindhoven University of Technology, Groene Loper 3, 5612 AE Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Joris van Houte
- Catharina Hospital Michelangelolaan 2, 5623 EJ Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Esmée C de Boer
- Eindhoven University of Technology, Groene Loper 3, 5612 AE Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Luuk van Knippenberg
- Eindhoven University of Technology, Groene Loper 3, 5612 AE Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Sabina Manzari
- Philips Research High Tech Campus 34, 5656 AE Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Massimo Mischi
- Eindhoven University of Technology, Groene Loper 3, 5612 AE Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - R Arthur Bouwman
- Eindhoven University of Technology, Groene Loper 3, 5612 AE Eindhoven, The Netherlands.,Catharina Hospital Michelangelolaan 2, 5623 EJ Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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Dong Y, Hong S, Song D, Liu M, Gao W, Du Y, Xu J, Dong F. Blood Flow Turbulence Quantification of Carotid Artery With a High-Frame Rate Vector Flow Imaging. JOURNAL OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE 2023; 42:427-436. [PMID: 35716339 DOI: 10.1002/jum.16039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the feasibility and performance of Turbulence (Tur) index as a quantitative tool for carotid artery flow turbulence; to detect and compare the blood flow patterns of common carotid artery (CCA) and carotid bulb (CB) at different ages and cardiac phases in healthy adults, and thus interpret the evolvement of etiology difference between CCA and CB. METHODS Carotid flow characteristics of 40 healthy volunteers were evaluated quantitatively by a high-frame rate vector flow imaging. Three types of flow patterns were defined depending on the distributive range of complex flow during systole in CB. Comparison of mean Tur value in CCA and CB at different age groups and cardiac phases was performed. And the correlation between Tur value and the diameter ratio of proximal internal carotid artery to common carotid artery (DRpro-ica/cca) was tested. RESULTS Mean Tur values in CB were remarkably higher than that in CCA, whether during systole or diastole (P < .001). Meanwhile Tur values in CB during systole were significantly higher than that during diastole (P < .001). Flow complexity of CB showed variations among 40 participants especially in systole, whereas the flow pattern of CCA was relatively consistent. Mean Tur values were positively correlated with DRpro-ica/cca in CB (ρ = 0.69, P < .05). CONCLUSIONS V Flow imaging provided a reliable method-Tur, for quantitative analysis of carotid blood flow. It had potential to be further applied in distinguishing complex hemodynamic characteristics in high-risk people of carotid diseases for the risk stratification of cardiovascular events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinghui Dong
- Department of Ultrasound, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, China
| | - Shaofu Hong
- Department of Ultrasound, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, China
| | - Di Song
- Department of Ultrasound, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, China
| | - Mengmeng Liu
- Department of Ultrasound, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, China
| | - Wenjing Gao
- Department of Ultrasound, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, China
| | - Yigang Du
- Shenzhen Mindray Bio-Medical Electronics Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, China
| | - Jinfeng Xu
- Department of Ultrasound, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, China
| | - Fajin Dong
- Department of Ultrasound, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University; The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, China
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Poloni S, Bozzetto M, Du Y, Aiani L, Goddi A, Fiorina I, Remuzzi A. Velocity vector comparison between vector flow imaging and computational fluid dynamics in the carotid bifurcation. ULTRASONICS 2023; 128:106860. [PMID: 36244088 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2022.106860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
It has been largely documented that local hemodynamic conditions, characterized by low and oscillating wall shear stresses, play a key role in the initiation and progression of vascular atherosclerotic lesions. Thus, investigation of the flow field in the carotid bifurcation can lead to early identification of vulnerable plaques. In this scenario, the development of novel non-invasive imaging tools that can be used in routine clinical practice to identify disturbed and recirculating blood flow becomes crucial. In this context, Vector Flow Imaging is becoming a relevant tool as it provides an angle independent assessment of blood flow velocity and multidimensional flow vector visualization. The purpose of the present study was to validate, in several locations of the carotid bifurcation, the high-frame rate vector flow imaging (HiFR-VFI) technique by comparing with computational fluid dynamic simulations (CFD). In all eight carotid bifurcations, HiFR-VFI accurately detected regions of laminar flow as well as recirculation and unsteady flow areas. An accurate and statistically significant agreement was observed between velocity vectors obtained by HiFR-VFI and those computed by CFD, both for vector magnitude (R = 0.85) and direction (R = 0.74). Our study demonstrated that HiFR-VFI is a valid technique for rapid and advanced visual representation of velocity field in large arteries. Thus, it has a great potential in research-based clinical practice for the identification of flow recirculation, low and oscillating velocity gradients near vessel wall. The use of HiFR-VFI may provide a great improvement in the investigation of the role of local hemodynamics in vascular pathologies, as well in the assessment of the effect of pharmacological treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Poloni
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Michela Bozzetto
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri IRCCS, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Yigang Du
- Shenzhen Mindray Bio-Medical Electronics Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Luca Aiani
- Centro Medico SME - Diagnostica per Immagini, Varese, Italy
| | - Alfredo Goddi
- Centro Medico SME - Diagnostica per Immagini, Varese, Italy
| | - Ilaria Fiorina
- Institute of Radiology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Andrea Remuzzi
- Department of Management, Information and Production Engineering, University of Bergamo, Italy.
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Qiu YJ, Cheng J, Zhang Q, Yang DH, Zuo D, Mao F, Liu LX, Dong Y, Cao SQ, Wang WP. Clinical Application of High-Frame-Rate Vector Flow Imaging in Evaluation of Carotid Atherosclerotic Stenosis. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:diagnostics13030519. [PMID: 36766624 PMCID: PMC9914914 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13030519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study seeks to evaluate the value of the high-frame-rate vector flow imaging technique in assessing the hemodynamic changes of carotid atherosclerotic stenosis in aging people (>60 years old). METHODS Aging patients diagnosed with carotid atherosclerotic stenosis who underwent carotid high-frame-rate vector flow imaging examination were prospectively enrolled. A Mindray Resona7s ultrasound machine equipped with high-frame-rate vector flow function was used for ultrasound evaluation. First, B mode ultrasound and color Doppler flow imaging were used to evaluate carotid stenosis. Then, the vector arrows and flow streamline detected by V Flow were analyzed and the wall shear stress values (Pa) at the carotid stenosis site were measured. All patients were divided into symptomatic and asymptomatic groups according to whether they had acute/subacute stroke or other clinical symptoms within 2 weeks before ultrasound examination. The results of digital subtraction angiography or computed tomography angiography were used as the gold standard. The stenosis rate was calcified, according to North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial criteria. The diagnostic values of wall shear stress, conventional ultrasound, and the combined diagnosis in carotid atherosclerotic stenosis were compared. RESULTS Finally, 88 patients with carotid atherosclerotic plaque were enrolled (71 males (80.7%), mean age 67.6 ± 5.4 years). The success rate of high-frame-rate vector flow imaging was 96.7% (88/91). The WSS value of symptomatic carotid stenosis (1.4 ± 0.15 Pa) was significantly higher than that of asymptomatic carotid stenosis (0.80 ± 0.08 Pa) (p < 0.05). Taking the wall shear stress value > 0.78 Pa as the diagnostic criteria for symptomatic carotid atherosclerotic plaque, the area under receiver operating characteristic curves was 0.79 with 87.1% sensitivity and 69.6% specificity. The area under receiver operating characteristic curves of the combined diagnosis (0.966) for differentiating severe carotid atherosclerotic stenosis was significantly higher than that of conventional ultrasound and WSS value, with 89.7% sensitivity and 93.2% specificity (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION As a non-invasive imaging method, the high-frame-rate vector flow imaging technique showed potential value in the preoperative assessment of the symptomatic carotid atherosclerotic stenosis and diagnosing carotid atherosclerotic stenosis in aging patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Jie Qiu
- Department of Ultrasound, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Juan Cheng
- Department of Ultrasound, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Dao-Hui Yang
- Department of Ultrasound, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Dan Zuo
- Department of Ultrasound, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Feng Mao
- Department of Ultrasound, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ling-Xiao Liu
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Correspondence: (L.-X.L.); (Y.D.); Tel.: +86-(0)21-6404-1990 (ext. 2474) (L.-X.L.); +86-(0)21-2507-6104 (Y.D.); Fax: +86-(0)21-6422-0319 (L.-X.L.); +86-(0)21-2507-7258 (Y.D.)
| | - Yi Dong
- Department of Ultrasound, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
- Correspondence: (L.-X.L.); (Y.D.); Tel.: +86-(0)21-6404-1990 (ext. 2474) (L.-X.L.); +86-(0)21-2507-6104 (Y.D.); Fax: +86-(0)21-6422-0319 (L.-X.L.); +86-(0)21-2507-7258 (Y.D.)
| | - Si-Qi Cao
- Department of Ultrasound, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Wen-Ping Wang
- Department of Ultrasound, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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Du Y, Ding H, He L, Yiu BYS, Deng L, Yu ACH, Zhu L. Quantitative Blood Flow Measurements in the Common Carotid Artery: A Comparative Study of High-Frame-Rate Ultrasound Vector Flow Imaging, Pulsed Wave Doppler, and Phase Contrast Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12030690. [PMID: 35328242 PMCID: PMC8947594 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12030690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
V Flow is commercially developed by high-frame-rate ultrasound vector flow imaging. Compared to conventional color Doppler, V Flow is angle-independent and is capable of measuring both the magnitude and the direction of blood flow velocities. This paper aims to investigate the differences between V Flow and pulsed wave Doppler (PW) relative to phase contrast magnetic resonance imaging (PC-MRI), for the quantitative measurements of blood flow in common carotid arteries (CCA) and, consequently, to evaluate the accuracy of the new technique, V Flow. Sixty-four CCAs were measured using V Flow, PW, and PC-MRI. The maximum velocities, time-averaged mean (TAMEAN) velocities, and volume flow were measured using different imaging technologies. The mean error with standard deviation (Std), the median of absolute errors, and the r-values between V Flow and PC-MRI results for the maximum velocity, the TAMEAN velocity, and the volume flow measurements are {9.40% ± 14.91%; 11.84%; 0.84}, {21.52% ± 14.46%; 19.28%; 0.86}, and {−2.80% ± 14.01%; 10.38%; 0.7}, respectively, and are {53.44% ± 29.68%; 49.79%; 0.74}, {27.83% ± 31.60%; 23.83; 0.71}, and {21.01% ± 29.64%; 25.48%; 0.34}, respectively, for those between PW and PC-MRI. The boxplot, linear regression and Bland–Altman plots were performed for each comparison, which illustrated that the results measured via V Flow rather than via PW agreed more closely with those measured via PC-MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yigang Du
- Shenzhen Mindray Bio-Medical Electronics Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518057, China; (Y.D.); (L.D.)
| | - Haiyan Ding
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; (H.D.); (L.H.)
| | - Le He
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; (H.D.); (L.H.)
| | - Billy Y. S. Yiu
- Schlegel Research Institute for Aging, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada; (B.Y.S.Y.); (A.C.H.Y.)
| | - Linsong Deng
- Shenzhen Mindray Bio-Medical Electronics Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518057, China; (Y.D.); (L.D.)
| | - Alfred C. H. Yu
- Schlegel Research Institute for Aging, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada; (B.Y.S.Y.); (A.C.H.Y.)
| | - Lei Zhu
- Shenzhen Mindray Bio-Medical Electronics Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518057, China; (Y.D.); (L.D.)
- Correspondence:
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11
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Zhao R, Zheng H, Wang W, Du Y, Tong Y, Wen C. Quantitative Evaluation of Post-stenotic Blood Flow Disturbance in Canine Femoral Artery Stenosis Model: An Early Experience With Vector Flow Imaging. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:829825. [PMID: 35282375 PMCID: PMC8907590 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.829825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the value of Vector Flow Imaging (V Flow) in the assessment of post-stenotic turbulence in the canine arterial stenosis model. Materials and Methods Canine femoral artery stenosis models were established using ameroid constrictors in 12 beagle dogs. 50% and then 70% femoral artery stenoses were confirmed by selective femoral artery angiography. V Flow was used to measure femoral artery flow turbulence index (Tur) preoperatively as a baseline. After establishing of a 50% and then 70% stenoses, the Tur indices were recorded in the femoral artery at 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, 17, and 19 mm distal to the stenosis. Results Baseline Tur indices of normal canine femoral arteries were <1% in 11 of 12 cases (91.7%). Distal to a 50% stenosis, the Tur index (>1%) was recorded in 83.3–100% cases between 1 and 9 mm, 41.7–58.3% between 11 and 17 mm, and 16.7% at 19 mm. For a 70% stenosis, the Tur index (>1%) occurred in 81.8–100% cases between 1 and 17 mm distal to the stenosis, and 63.6% at 19 mm. The Tur index peaked around 7 mm or 2.3 times of the initial vessel diameter (3 mm) downstream for a 50% stenosis and 11 mm or 3.7 times of vessel diameter downstream for a 70% stenosis. Conclusion V Flow with Tur index measurement adds quantitative information of post-stenotic turbulence when assessing an arterial stenosis with ultrasound. Tur index of 1% seems a useful threshold for assessment of flow turbulence in this small sample study. Further studies with larger sample size are needed to evaluate the value of V Flow in clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhao
- Department of Ultrasound, Peking University International Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Haining Zheng
- Department of Ultrasound, Peking University International Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Ultrasound, The Fourth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yigang Du
- Shenzhen Mindray Bio-Medical Electronics Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, China
| | - Yisha Tong
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Austin Hospital, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Yisha Tong
| | - Chaoyang Wen
- Department of Ultrasound, Peking University International Hospital, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Chaoyang Wen
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12
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Ilaria P, Mario M, Ilaria F. Advances in vascular anatomy and pathophysiology using high resolution and multiparametric sonography. J Vasc Access 2021; 22:1-8. [PMID: 34338066 PMCID: PMC8606621 DOI: 10.1177/11297298211020150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
B-mode and Color Doppler are the first-line imaging modalities in cardiovascular diseases. However, conventional ultrasound (US) provides a lower spatial and temporal resolution (70-100 frames per second) compared to ultrafast technology which acquires several thousand frames per second. Consequently, the multiparametric ultrafast platforms manage new imaging algorithms as high-frequency ultrasound, contrast-enhanced ultrasound, shear wave elastography, vector flow, and local pulse wave imaging. These advances allow better ultrasound performances, more detailed blood flow visualization and vessel walls' characterization, and many future applications for vascular viscoelastic properties evaluation.In this paper, we provide an overview of each new technique's principles and concepts and the real or potential applications of these modalities on the study of the artery and venous anatomy and pathophysiology of the upper limb before and after creating a native or prosthetic arterio-venous fistula. In particular, we focus on high-frequency ultrasound that could predict cannulation readiness and its potential role in the venous valvular status evaluation before vascular access creation; on contrast-enhanced ultrasound that could improve the peri-operative imaging evaluation during US-guided angioplasty; on shear wave elastography and local pulse wave imaging that could evaluate preoperative vessels stiffness and their potential predictive role in vascular access failure; on vector flow imaging that could better characterize the different components of the vascular access complex flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petrucci Ilaria
- Institute of Life Sciences, S. Anna School of Advanced Studies, Pisa, Italy
| | - Meola Mario
- Institute of Life Sciences, S. Anna School of Advanced Studies, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Fiorina Ilaria
- Radiodiagnostic and Interventional Radiology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
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13
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Baun J. Emerging Technology: Ultrasound Vector Flow Imaging—A Novel Approach to Arterial Hemodynamic Quantification. JOURNAL OF DIAGNOSTIC MEDICAL SONOGRAPHY 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/87564793211036013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Accurate, reliable, and easily obtainable quantification of peripheral arterial hemodynamic states has long been a holy grail of vascular ultrasound. While conventional Doppler modalities have been relied upon for decades to provide velocity, directionality, and flow volume data for integration into patient management schema, they carry limitations in accurately and reproducibly quantifying complex arterial hemodynamic patterns. Advances in ultrasound imaging architecture, such as virtual beamforming, integration of “big data” capabilities, and the use of enhanced digital signal processing methods have opened the door for a novel approach to arterial hemodynamic mapping and quantification—ultrasound vector flow imaging (VFI). This article presents an overview of the technological underpinnings of VFI, compares it with conventional pulsed wave and color Doppler methods, and describes the potential clinical benefits of this emerging vascular ultrasound modality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jim Baun
- Sonography Scholar Emeritus, Toledo, OH, USA
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14
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Qiu Y, Dong Y, Mao F, Zhang Q, Yang D, Chen K, Shi S, Zuo D, Tian X, Yu L, Wang WP. High-Frame Rate Vector Flow Imaging Technique: Initial Application in Evaluating the Hemodynamic Changes of Carotid Stenosis Caused by Atherosclerosis. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:617391. [PMID: 33763457 PMCID: PMC7982422 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.617391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the value of high-frame rate vector flow imaging technique (V flow) in evaluating the hemodynamic changes of carotid stenosis caused by atherosclerotic plaques. Methods and Materials: In this prospective study, patients with stenosis rate (diameter) ≥30% caused by carotid atherosclerotic plaques were included. Degrees of carotid stenosis were graded according to North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial criteria: moderate (30–69%) or severe (70–99%). Mindray Resona 7s ultrasound machine with a linear array transducer (3–11 MHz) was used for ultrasound examinations. The mean WSS value of carotid arteries was measured at the proximal, narrowest region and distal of carotid stenosis. The mean WSS values were correlated with peak systolic velocity (PSV) measured by color Doppler flow imaging and stenosis degree detected by digital subtraction angiography (DSA). The vector arrows and flow streamline detected by V flow dynamic imaging were analyzed. Imaging findings of DSA in carotid arteries were used as the gold standard. Results: Finally, 51 patients were included. V flow measurements were performed successfully in 17 patients (100%) with moderate-grade stenosis and in 30 patients (88.2%) with severe-grade stenosis. Dynamic V flow imaging showed yellow or red vectors at the stenotic segment, indicating fast speed blood flow (up to 260.92 cm/s). Changes of streamlines were detected in the stenotic segment. The mean WSS value measured at the narrowest region of the carotid artery had a moderately positive correlation with stenosis degree (r = 0.58, P < 0.05) and PSV value (r = 0.54, P < 0.05), respectively. Significant difference was detected in mean WSS value at the narrowest region of the carotid artery between severe carotid stenosis (1.47 ± 0.97 Pa) and moderate carotid stenosis (0.96 ± 0.44 Pa) (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The hemodynamic changes detected by V flow of the carotid stenosis might be a potential non-invasive imaging tool for assessing the degree of carotid stenosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijie Qiu
- Department of Ultrasound, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Dong
- Department of Ultrasound, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Mao
- Department of Ultrasound, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Daohui Yang
- Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kailing Chen
- Department of Ultrasound, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuainan Shi
- Department of Ultrasound, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dan Zuo
- Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaofan Tian
- Department of Ultrasound, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lingyun Yu
- Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen-Ping Wang
- Department of Ultrasound, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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15
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Tavelli L, Barootchi S, Majzoub J, Chan HL, Giannobile WV, Wang HL, Kripfgans OD. Ultrasonographic tissue perfusion analysis at implant and palatal donor sites following soft tissue augmentation: A clinical pilot study. J Clin Periodontol 2021; 48:602-614. [PMID: 33465812 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
AIM To describe the application of power Doppler Ultrasonography (US) for evaluating blood flow at implant and palatal donor sites following soft tissue augmentation with the connective tissue graft (CTG). MATERIALS AND METHODS Five patients exhibiting a peri-implant soft tissue dehiscence received treatment with a coronally advanced flap and corresponding CTG. Power Doppler US was used for assessing blood volume at baseline, 1 week, 1 month, 6 months and 12 months post-surgery for assessing blood-flow dynamics at the implant and palatal donor sites. The speed-weighted and power-weighted colour pixel density (CPPD) were computed from colour velocity (CV) and colour power (CP), respectively. RESULTS A mean increase in CV of 199.25% was observed at the midfacial region of the implant sites after 1 week compared to baseline. CV and CP were increased in all sites at 1 week and 1 month. At 6 and 12 months, the mean CV appeared lower than baseline at the implant sites. CCPD was increased at the palatal donor sites and at the great palatine foramen areas at the 1-week and 1-month post-operative evaluations. CONCLUSIONS Power Doppler US is a non-invasive and valuable tool for estimating tissue perfusion and CPPD variation during different phases of intra-oral soft tissue graft healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Tavelli
- Department of Periodontics & Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Shayan Barootchi
- Department of Periodontics & Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jad Majzoub
- Department of Periodontics & Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Hsun-Liang Chan
- Department of Periodontics & Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - William V Giannobile
- Department of Periodontics & Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Biointerfaces Institute and Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Hom-Lay Wang
- Department of Periodontics & Oral Medicine, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Oliver D Kripfgans
- Biointerfaces Institute and Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Radiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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16
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Du Y, Goddi A, Bortolotto C, Shen Y, Dell'Era A, Calliada F, Zhu L. Wall Shear Stress Measurements Based on Ultrasound Vector Flow Imaging: Theoretical Studies and Clinical Examples. JOURNAL OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE 2020; 39:1649-1664. [PMID: 32124997 PMCID: PMC7497026 DOI: 10.1002/jum.15253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Wall shear stress (WSS) is considered as a key factor for atherosclerosis development. Previous WSS research based on pulsed wave Doppler (PWD) showed limitations in complex flows. To improve accuracy for nonlaminar flow, a commercial ultrasound vector flow imaging (UVFI)-based WSS calculation is proposed. Errors for PWD are presented theoretically when flow is not laminar. Based on this, simulations of WSS calculations between PWD and UVFI were set up for different turbulent flows. Our simulations show that UVFI has obviously better performance than PWD in WSS calculations. Wall shear stress results in different flow conditions at carotid bifurcations are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yigang Du
- Shenzhen Mindray Bio‐Medical Electronics Co., Ltd.ShenzhenChina
| | | | - Chandra Bortolotto
- Radiology DepartmentFondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Policlinico San MatteoPaviaItaly
| | - Yingying Shen
- Shenzhen Mindray Bio‐Medical Electronics Co., Ltd.ShenzhenChina
| | - Alex Dell'Era
- Shenzhen Mindray Bio‐Medical Electronics Co., Ltd.ShenzhenChina
| | - Fabrizio Calliada
- Radiology DepartmentFondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Policlinico San MatteoPaviaItaly
| | - Lei Zhu
- Shenzhen Mindray Bio‐Medical Electronics Co., Ltd.ShenzhenChina
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17
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Qiu Y, Yang D, Zhang Q, Chen K, Dong Y, Wang WP. V Flow technology in measurement of wall shear stress of common carotid arteries in healthy adults: Feasibility and normal values. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 2020; 74:453-462. [PMID: 31683473 DOI: 10.3233/ch-190719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the feasibility of vector flow imaging technique (V Flow) in measurement of wall shear stress (WSS) of common carotid arteries (CCA) in healthy adults and to provide the normal WSS values assessed by V Flow. METHODS & MATERIALS This prospective study was approved by the Ethics Committee of our University. Eighty healthy adult volunteers were included (mean age 43.3 y, 47 females, 33 males). The volunteers were classified into three groups according to their age: group I (age 20 - 39 y), group II (age 40 - 59 y) and group III (age 60 - 80 y). Mindray Resona 8 ultrasound machine and a linear array transducer (3-9 MHz) was used, equipped with the updated V Flow function. Common carotid arteries of both sides were evaluated in three segments (initial segment, middle segment and near bifurcation segment). The WSS values of CCA were measured by two independent radiologists. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of observer reliability in WSS measurement was calculated. Inter-observer reproducibility was also evaluated with the 95% Bland-Altman limits of agreement (LOA). RESULTS V Flow measurements were performed successfully in 79 volunteers (98.8 %, 79/80). The mean value of WSS in right CCA was (0.66±0.24) Pa, in left CCA was (0.66±0.18) Pa (P > 0.05). Mean WSS value had a moderately negative correlation with age group (P < 0.05). The mean WSS value of group I(mean±SD, 0.75±0.25 Pa) is larger than group II (mean±SD, 0.62±0.13 Pa) and group III (mean±SD, 0.49±0.11 Pa) (P < 0.05). The ICC of observer reliability of group I, II and III was 0.96 (95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.92-0.98), 0.94 (95% CI 0.88-0.97), 0.93 (95% CI 0.76-0.98) respectively. The Bland-Altman plots showed that the 95% LOA were -0.17-0.12 (Pa) for group I, -0.09-0.13 (Pa) for group II and -0.08-0.10 (Pa) for group III. CONCLUSION V Flow measurement is a simple, rapid and feasible imaging method for the WSS assessment of CCA in healthy volunteers, which will probably be an important tool for assessing CCA function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijie Qiu
- Department of Ultrasound, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Daohui Yang
- Department of Ultrasound, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kailing Chen
- Department of Ultrasound, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Dong
- Department of Ultrasound, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wen-Ping Wang
- Department of Ultrasound, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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18
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Colucci M, Torreggiani M, Bernardi I, Stangalino S, Catucci D, Esposito V, Sileno G, Esposito C. Smart Flow for the evaluation of the hemodialysis arteriovenous fistula. J Vasc Access 2020; 21:652-657. [PMID: 31894718 DOI: 10.1177/1129729819897171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Smart Flow is an innovative tool available on the Carestream Touch Prime Ultrasound machines, which provides automated blood flow measurement and shows the vectors that form the blood flow in the vessel. We compared the use of Smart Flow with traditional Duplex Doppler Ultrasound to evaluate blood flow of arteriovenous fistulas in prevalent hemodialysis patients. METHODS A total of 31 chronic patients on hemodialysis were enrolled. Blood flow was measured on the brachial artery with Smart Flow and duplex Doppler ultrasound. In a subset of 26 patients, a video of the juxta-anastomotic efferent vein was recorded and analyzed to calculate an index of flow turbulence. RESULTS We enrolled 21 males and 10 females aged 68.52 ± 11.64 years at the time of evaluation with an average arteriovenous fistulas vintage of 50.23 ± 47.42 months and followed them up for 18.03 ± 5.18 months. Smart Flow and Duplex Doppler Ultrasound blood flow measurements positively correlated (p < 0.0001) in the same patient but Smart Flow gave higher blood flow values (995.0 vs 730.3 mL/min, p < 0.0001), and the Duplex Doppler Ultrasound blood flow standard deviation was similar to Smart Flow (125.4 vs 114.4 mL/min, p < 0.0001). The time needed to evaluate arteriovenous fistulas with Smart Flow was significantly shorter than Duplex Doppler Ultrasound (67.58 ± 19.89 vs 146.3 ± 26.35 s, p < 0.0001). No correlation was found between blood flow turbulence and the subsequent access failure. CONCLUSION Smart Flow is reliable, reproducible, and faster than traditional duplex ultrasound. However, the additional information given by the Smart Flow technique does not seem to add any further benefits in terms of prediction of the access failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Colucci
- Unit of Nephrology and Dialysis, ICS Maugeri s.p.a. SB, Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Irene Bernardi
- Unit of Nephrology and Dialysis, ICS Maugeri s.p.a. SB, Pavia, Italy
| | - Simone Stangalino
- Unit of Nephrology and Dialysis, ICS Maugeri s.p.a. SB, Pavia, Italy
| | - Davide Catucci
- Unit of Nephrology and Dialysis, ICS Maugeri s.p.a. SB, Pavia, Italy
| | - Vittoria Esposito
- Unit of Nephrology and Dialysis, ICS Maugeri s.p.a. SB, Pavia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Sileno
- Unit of Nephrology and Dialysis, ICS Maugeri s.p.a. SB, Pavia, Italy
| | - Ciro Esposito
- Unit of Nephrology and Dialysis, ICS Maugeri s.p.a. SB, Pavia, Italy.,University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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19
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Au JS, Yiu BYS, Yu ACH. Case Studies in Physiology: Visualization of blood recirculation in a femoral artery "trifurcation" using ultrasound vector flow imaging. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2019; 127:1809-1813. [PMID: 31580220 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00451.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The femoral bifurcation is typically composed of a common femoral artery that bifurcates into the superficial (SFA) and deep (DFA) femoral arteries, with the lateral circumflex femoral artery (LCFA) branching distal to the origin of the DFA. We report a unique case of a 22-yr-old woman with a femoral "trifurcation," where the origin of the LCFA coincides with the origin of the DFA, resulting in a true three-way branching of the common femoral artery. We characterized the complex hemodynamics of the trifurcation region with ultrasound vector flow imaging at rest, and during 80 mmHg cuff compression of the calf to induce greater oscillatory blood flow. At rest, a clear trifurcation is observed with color Doppler imaging, while vector flow imaging further revealed a large area of flow circulation proximal to the LCFA and DFA. Cuff compression reduced SFA blood flow to 0 cm3/min, characterized by almost constant retrograde blood flow throughout diastole. When visualized with vector flow imaging, diastolic retrograde blood flow from the SFA appeared to reperfuse the DFA and LCFA during late systole, eliminating the retrograde flow component and providing a secondary source of anterograde blood flow to the thigh. In a rare case of a femoral trifurcation, we demonstrate blood recirculation patterns at rest, as well as collateral retrograde blood flow redistribution during lower limb compression. While it is unknown whether these trifurcation findings extend to typical bifurcations, it is evident that advanced methods of blood flow characterization are necessary to visualize and study complex vascular regions.NEW & NOTEWORTHY A femoral "trifurcation" is observed when the lateral circumflex femoral artery has an atypical proximal origin, branching at the same level as the superficial and deep femoral arteries. Ultrasound vector flow imaging at 750 fps was able to reveal substantial blood recirculation within the trifurcation at rest, as well as unique redistribution of blood flow between downstream branches during external cuff manipulation of retrograde flow, indicating novel ways in which diastolic blood flow is controlled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason S Au
- Schlegel Research Institute for Aging, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada.,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada
| | - Billy Y S Yiu
- Schlegel Research Institute for Aging, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada.,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada
| | - Alfred C H Yu
- Schlegel Research Institute for Aging, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada.,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada
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20
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Au JS, Yiu BYS, So H, Chee AJY, Greaves DK, Hughson RL, Yu ACH. Ultrasound vector projectile imaging for detection of altered carotid bifurcation hemodynamics during reductions in cardiac output. Med Phys 2019; 47:431-440. [PMID: 31693196 DOI: 10.1002/mp.13905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Complex blood flow is commonly observed in the carotid bifurcation, although the factors that regulate these patterns beyond arterial geometry are unknown. The emergence of high-frame-rate ultrasound vector flow imaging allows for noninvasive, time-resolved analysis of complex hemodynamic behavior in humans, and it can potentially help researchers understand which physiological stressors can alter carotid bifurcation hemodynamics in vivo. Here, we seek to pursue the first use of vector projectile imaging (VPI), a dynamic form of vector flow imaging, to analyze the regulation of carotid bifurcation hemodynamics during experimental reductions in cardiac output induced via a physiological stressor called lower body negative pressure (LBNP). METHODS Seven healthy adults (age: 27 ± 4 yr, 4 men) underwent LBNP at -45 mmHg to simulate a postural hemodynamic response in a controlled environment. Using a research-grade, high-frame-rate ultrasound platform, vector flow estimation in each subject's right carotid bifurcation was performed through a multi-angle plane wave imaging (two transmission angles of 10° and -10°) formulation, and VPI cineloops were generated at a frame rate of 750 fps. Vector concentration was quantified by the resultant blood velocity vector angles within a region of interest; lower concentration indicated greater flow dispersion. Discrete concentration values during peak and late systole were compared across different segments of the carotid artery bifurcation before, and during, LBNP. RESULTS Vector projectile imaging revealed that external and internal carotid arteries exhibited regional hemodynamic changes during LBNP, which acted to reduce both the subject's cardiac output (Δ - 1.2 ± 0.5 L/min, -19%; P < 0.01) and peak carotid blood velocity (Δ - 6.30 ± 8.27 cm/s, -7%; P = 0.05). In these carotid artery branches, the vector concentration time trace before and during LBNP were observed to be different. The impact of LBNP on flow complexity in the two carotid artery branches showed variations between subjects. CONCLUSIONS Using VPI, intuitive visualization of complex hemodynamic changes can be obtained in healthy humans subjected to LBNP. This imaging tool has potential for further applications in vascular physiology to identify and quantify complex hemodynamic features in humans during different physiological stressor tests that regulate hemodynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason S Au
- Schlegel-University of Waterloo Research Institute for Aging, 250 Laurelwood Dr., Waterloo, N2J0E2, Canada.,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave West, Waterloo, N2L3G1, Canada
| | - Billy Y S Yiu
- Schlegel-University of Waterloo Research Institute for Aging, 250 Laurelwood Dr., Waterloo, N2J0E2, Canada.,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave West, Waterloo, N2L3G1, Canada
| | - Hélène So
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Sorbonne Université, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Adrian J Y Chee
- Schlegel-University of Waterloo Research Institute for Aging, 250 Laurelwood Dr., Waterloo, N2J0E2, Canada.,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave West, Waterloo, N2L3G1, Canada
| | - Danielle K Greaves
- Schlegel-University of Waterloo Research Institute for Aging, 250 Laurelwood Dr., Waterloo, N2J0E2, Canada.,University of Caen Normandy, Espl. De la Paix, 14032, Caen, France
| | - Richard L Hughson
- Schlegel-University of Waterloo Research Institute for Aging, 250 Laurelwood Dr., Waterloo, N2J0E2, Canada
| | - Alfred C H Yu
- Schlegel-University of Waterloo Research Institute for Aging, 250 Laurelwood Dr., Waterloo, N2J0E2, Canada.,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave West, Waterloo, N2L3G1, Canada
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21
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Meyer P, Pelz JO. Blood flow reversal from the external into the internal carotid artery-New insights into the hemodynamics at the carotid bifurcation. Brain Behav 2018; 8:e01139. [PMID: 30311746 PMCID: PMC6236250 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.1139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Complex blood flow patterns are a well-known phenomenon at the carotid bifurcation. However, unlike for the descending aorta, a blood flow reversal has not been detected at the carotid bifurcation, so far. METHODS In 17 subjects, flow patterns with focus on blood flow reversal were examined at the carotid bifurcation with vector flow imaging. RESULTS We found a blood flow reversal from the external carotid artery (ECA) into the internal carotid artery (ICA) in 13 of 25 (52%) carotid bifurcations. The blood flow reversal ranged 5.3 ± 1.7 mm (range 2.6-8.3 mm) distally to the beginning of the ECA and lasted 105 ± 59 ms (range 32-225 ms). The mean peak systolic velocity within the blood flow reversal was 12.5 ± 4.6 cm/s (range 5-18 cm/s). CONCLUSION A blood flow reversal from the ECA into the ICA during the systole is a frequent finding at the carotid bifurcation. Considering ischemic stroke, retrograde embolism from plaques in the proximal ECA into the ICA might play a role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Meyer
- Department of NeurologyUniversity Hospital LeipzigLeipzigGermany
| | - Johann Otto Pelz
- Department of NeurologyUniversity Hospital LeipzigLeipzigGermany
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22
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Bechsgaard T, Hansen KL, Brandt A, Moshavegh R, Forman JL, Føgh P, Klitfod L, Bækgaard N, Lönn L, Jensen JA, Nielsen MB. Evaluation of Peak Reflux Velocities with Vector Flow Imaging and Spectral Doppler Ultrasound in Varicose Veins. Ultrasound Int Open 2018; 4:E91-E98. [PMID: 30276359 PMCID: PMC6162191 DOI: 10.1055/a-0643-4430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 10/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Spectral Doppler ultrasound (SDUS) is used for quantifying reflux in lower extremity varicose veins. The technique is angle-dependent opposed to the new angle-independent Vector Flow Imaging (VFI) method. The aim of this study was to compare peak reflux velocities obtained with VFI and SDUS in patients with chronic venous disease, i. e., pathological retrograde blood flow caused by incompetent venous valves. Materials and Methods 64 patients with chronic venous disease were scanned with VFI and SDUS in the great or the small saphenous vein, and reflux velocities were compared to three assessment tools for chronic venous disease. A flow rig was used to assess the accuracy and precision of the two methods. Results The mean peak reflux velocities differed significantly (VFI: 47.4 cm/s vs. SDUS: 62.0 cm/s, p<0.001). No difference in absolute precision (p=0.18) nor relative precision (p=0.79) was found. No correlation to disease severity, according to assessment tools, was found for peak reflux velocities obtained with either method. In vitro, VFI was more accurate but equally precise when compared to SDUS. Conclusion Both VFI and SDUS detected the pathologic retrograde flow in varicose veins but measured different reflux velocities with equal precision. VFI may play a role in evaluating venous disease in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Andreas Brandt
- Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Department of Diagnostic Radiology, 2100 Copenhagen Oe, Denmark
| | - Ramin Moshavegh
- The Technical University of Denmark, Department of Electrical Engineering Center for Fast Ultrasound Imaging, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Julie Lyng Forman
- Copenhagen University, Department of Public Health Section of Biostatistics, 1014 Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Pia Føgh
- Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Department of Vascular Surgery Herlev & Gentofte Hospital, 2900 Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Lotte Klitfod
- Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Department of Vascular Surgery Herlev & Gentofte Hospital, 2900 Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Niels Bækgaard
- Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Department of Vascular Surgery Herlev & Gentofte Hospital, 2900 Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Lars Lönn
- Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, DK, Radiology, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jørgen Arendt Jensen
- Technical University of Denmark, Department of Electrical Engineering Center for Fast Ultrasound Imaging, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
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23
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Bechsgaard T, Hansen KL, Brandt AH, Moshavegh R, Forman JL, Føgh P, Klitfod L, Bækgaard N, Lönn L, Nielsen MB, Jensen JA. Respiratory variability of peak velocities in the common femoral vein estimated with vector flow imaging and Doppler ultrasound. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2018; 44:1941-1950. [PMID: 29960752 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2018.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Respiratory variability of peak velocities (RVPV) in the common femoral vein measured with ultrasound can reveal venous outflow obstruction. Pulse wave (PW) Doppler is the gold standard for venous velocity estimation of the lower extremities. PW Doppler measurements are angle dependent, whereas vector flow imaging (VFI) can yield angle-independent measures. The hypothesis of the present study was that VFI can provide RVPV estimations without the angle dependency of PW Doppler for an improved venous disease assessment. Sixty-seven patients with symptomatic chronic venous disease were included in the study. On average, VFI measured a lower RVPV than PW Doppler (VFI: 14.11 cm/s; PW: 17.32 cm/s, p = 0.002) with a non-significant improved precision compared with PW Doppler (VFI: 21.09%; PW: 26.49%, p = 0.08). In a flow phantom, VFI had improved accuracy (p < 0.01) and equal precision compared with PW Doppler. The study indicated that VFI can characterize the hemodynamic fluctuations in the common femoral vein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thor Bechsgaard
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Rigshospitalet - Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.
| | - Kristoffer Lindskov Hansen
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Rigshospitalet - Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Andreas Hjelm Brandt
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Rigshospitalet - Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Ramin Moshavegh
- Center for Fast Ultrasound Imaging, Department of Electrical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Julie Lyng Forman
- Section of Biostatistics, Department of Public Health, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Pia Føgh
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Rigshospitalet & Gentofte Hospital - Copenhagen University Hospital, Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Lotte Klitfod
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Rigshospitalet & Gentofte Hospital - Copenhagen University Hospital, Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Niels Bækgaard
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Rigshospitalet & Gentofte Hospital - Copenhagen University Hospital, Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Lars Lönn
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Rigshospitalet - Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Michael Bachmann Nielsen
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Rigshospitalet - Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Jørgen Arendt Jensen
- Center for Fast Ultrasound Imaging, Department of Electrical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
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24
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Goddi A, Bortolotto C, Raciti MV, Fiorina I, Aiani L, Magistretti G, Sacchi A, Tinelli C, Calliada F. High-Frame Rate Vector Flow Imaging of the Carotid Bifurcation in Healthy Adults: Comparison With Color Doppler Imaging. JOURNAL OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE 2018; 37:2263-2275. [PMID: 29574932 DOI: 10.1002/jum.14579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the carotid bifurcation in healthy adults using a commercial system equipped with high-frame rate vector flow imaging (VFI) based on the plane wave and to compare VFI with color Doppler imaging. METHODS Carotid bifurcation diameters and flow characteristics of 60 vessels in 60 healthy volunteers were evaluated quantitatively and qualitatively to assess complex flow patterns and their extension and duration. RESULTS Complex flow in the internal carotid artery (ICA) was associated with a statistically significant difference in the ΔICA sinus-to-common carotid artery (CCA) diameter ratio (the relative change in diameter between the CCA and ICA sinus.) Vector flow imaging and color Doppler imaging were in accordance when detecting complex flow in 96.7% of cases; in 3.3% of cases, only VFI identified small recirculation areas of short duration. Vector flow imaging highlighted a larger extension of the complex flow (mean ± SD, 47.7 ± 28.5 mm2 ; median, 45.5 mm2 ) compared with color Doppler imaging (mean, 29.2 ± 19.9 mm2 ; median, 29.5 mm2 ) and better depicted different complex flow patterns; a strong correlation (r = 0.84) was found between the ΔICA sinus-to-CCA diameter ratio and the complex flow extension. Vector flow imaging showed a longer duration of the flow disturbances (mean, 380 ± 218 milliseconds; median, 352.5 milliseconds) compared with color Doppler imaging (mean, 325 ± 206 milliseconds; median, 333 milliseconds), and there was a strong correlation (r = 0.92). CONCLUSIONS Vector flow imaging is as effective as color Doppler imaging in the detection of flow disturbances, but it is more powerful in the assessment of complex flow patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Goddi
- Centro Medico SME-Diagnostica per Immagini, Varese, Italy
| | - Chandra Bortolotto
- Radiology Unit, University of Pavia, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Maria Vittoria Raciti
- Radiology Unit, University of Pavia, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Ilaria Fiorina
- Radiology Unit, University of Pavia, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Luca Aiani
- Centro Medico SME-Diagnostica per Immagini, Varese, Italy
| | | | - Andrea Sacchi
- Centro Medico SME-Diagnostica per Immagini, Varese, Italy
| | - Carmine Tinelli
- Clinical Epidemiology and Biometric Unit, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Calliada
- Radiology Unit, University of Pavia, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
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25
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Bayramoglu Z, Kandemirli SG, Caliskan E, Yilmaz R, Kardelen AD, Poyrazoglu S, Bas F, Adaletli I, Darendeliler F. Assessment of paediatric Hashimoto's thyroiditis using superb microvascular imaging. Clin Radiol 2018; 73:1059.e9-1059.e15. [PMID: 30139503 DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2018.07.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the role of superb microvascular imaging along with greyscale and Doppler imaging for thyroid gland evaluation in Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) versus control subjects. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study included 33 healthy volunteers with normal ultrasound and laboratory findings and 70 patients with HT based on laboratory and sonographic findings who were undergoing follow-up and receiving medical treatment. HT patients were classified based on the modification of the scheme proposed by Sostre and Reyes that incorporates the extent of hypoechoic foci or patchy infiltration as grade A (foci involving <50% of the gland) and B (foci involving >50% of the gland). Thyroid volume, mean resistive indices, peak-systolic and end-diastolic velocities based on Doppler imaging, and vascularity index via superb microvascular imaging were obtained using a Canon Aplio 500 ultrasound device using a linear 10-14 MHz transducer. RESULTS Patients with HT had significantly higher median thyroid volume and peak-systolic velocities (7.32 ml and 19 cm/s, respectively) compared to control subjects (4.62 ml and 16 cm/s, respectively). HT patients had significantly higher median vascularity index (VI; 13.5%) compared to control subjects (7.95%). A significant fair positive correlation with VI and anti-thyroglobulin antibody levels (r=0.356, p<0.05) and significant moderate positive correlation with VI and anti-thyroid peroxidase antibody levels (r=0.503, p<0.05) were found. In HT diagnosis, the optimal VI cut-off value was 10.58% with a sensitivity and specificity of 67.1% and 90%, respectively. CONCLUSION Superb microvascular imaging appears to allow assessment of subtle vascularity changes in early HT stages that cannot be detected by Doppler parameters. This technique demonstrates excellent visualization of the microvascular structures and quantitative assessment based on a novel parameter such as VI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Bayramoglu
- Department of Radiology, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Fatih Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - S G Kandemirli
- Department of Radiology, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Fatih Istanbul, Turkey
| | - E Caliskan
- Department of Radiology, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Fatih Istanbul, Turkey
| | - R Yilmaz
- Department of Radiology, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Fatih Istanbul, Turkey
| | - A D Kardelen
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Fatih Istanbul, Turkey
| | - S Poyrazoglu
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Fatih Istanbul, Turkey
| | - F Bas
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Fatih Istanbul, Turkey
| | - I Adaletli
- Department of Radiology, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Fatih Istanbul, Turkey
| | - F Darendeliler
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Fatih Istanbul, Turkey
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26
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Riding the Plane Wave: Considerations for In Vivo Study Designs Employing High Frame Rate Ultrasound. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/app8020286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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