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Botticelli M, Risdonne V, Young C. Enhancement of protein detection on cultural heritage samples after SYPRO™ Ruby staining by optical microscopy and micro-FTIR spectroscopy. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 302:123067. [PMID: 37393674 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.123067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
The paper investigates SYPRO™ Ruby staining in combination with external reflection micro-FTIR spectroscopy, for the detection of proteinaceous media in paint layers on cultural heritage, from unembedded micro-fragments and samples embedded in cross-sections. Combining FTIR spectroscopy with staining helped to verify that the FTIR mapping is accurate when performed by the integration of the main amide I and II bands, despite their naturally occurrent distortions due to the specular component and material absorption/surface properties. The research filled some gaps in the published literature on SYPRO™ Ruby interaction with different Cultural Heritage materials, including identifying drawbacks, e.g. swelling mechanisms in the sample after staining. The effects of the staining were investigated on different reference samples containing rabbit skin glue (proteinaceous), and samples from cultural heritage case studies undergoing technical examination as part of research projects, where identification of protein is an important aspect of understanding the sequence of complex multi-layers within a sample. Results showed that, when external reflection µ-FTIR is performed after the staining, the contribution from amide I and II, which occurs at higher wavenumbers than in transmission or attenuated total reflection, is more resolved and therefore easier to determine. When inorganic or organic compounds are present in the same layer, variation in the position of amide bands can occur. However, they can be used for chemical mapping using simple data-treatment strategies, as validated with the positive staining. This type of data processing gives a good estimation of the protein distribution in the layers, both in terms of morphology and thickness, on mock-up samples and cross-sections from real case studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Botticelli
- Kelvin Centre for Conservation and Cultural Heritage Research, University of Glasgow, Kelvin Hall, 1445 Argyle Street, Glasgow G3 8AW, UK
| | - V Risdonne
- Kelvin Centre for Conservation and Cultural Heritage Research, University of Glasgow, Kelvin Hall, 1445 Argyle Street, Glasgow G3 8AW, UK; Science Lab, Collections Care and Access, Victoria & Albert Museum, South Kensington, Cromwell Road, London SW7 2RL, UK
| | - C Young
- Kelvin Centre for Conservation and Cultural Heritage Research, University of Glasgow, Kelvin Hall, 1445 Argyle Street, Glasgow G3 8AW, UK.
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Authentication of a Painting by Nicolae Grigorescu Using Modern Multi-Analytical Methods. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10103558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The paper presents the expertise of authenticating a painting by Nicolae Grigorescu through the involvement of multi-analytical techniques, in order to identify and evaluate some archaeometric and chemometric characteristics of the pictorial materials and of the support, used in determining the age. The painting is made with oil colors on pressed cardboard, with preparation based on chalk powder and animal glue. The painting presents two elements as being counterfeit, which have attracted suspicions, namely the signature of the author (presenting a semi-transparent covering veil), and, on the back, a writing of dating, performed by a very controversial art historian. The investigation was carried out by direct analysis with magnification devices, in reflected UV (ultraviolet), VIS (visible), and NIR (near- infrared) light, and by OM, SEM-EDX, and μ-FTIR. The results showed that the painting is authentic and belongs to Nicolae Grigorescu, and the dating established previously by Amelia Pavel through the writing on the back is certain.
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Batalha IL, Lychko I, Branco RJF, Iranzo O, Roque ACA. β-Hairpins as peptidomimetics of human phosphoprotein-binding domains. Org Biomol Chem 2020; 17:3996-4004. [PMID: 30945720 DOI: 10.1039/c9ob00564a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Phosphoprotein-binding domains interact with cognate phosphorylated targets ruling several biological processes. The impairment of such interactions is often associated with disease development, namely cancer. The breast cancer susceptibility gene 1 (BRCA1) C-terminal (BRCT) domain is involved in the control of complex signaling networks of the DNA damage response. The capture and identification of BRCT-binding proteins and peptides may be used for the development of new diagnostic tools for diseases with abnormal phosphorylation profiles. Here we show that designed cyclic β-hairpin structures can be used as peptidomimetics of the BRCT domain, with high selectivity in binding to a target phosphorylated peptide. The amino acid residues and spatial constraints involved in the interaction between a phosphorylated peptide (GK14-P) and the BRCT domain were identified and crafted onto a 14-mer β-hairpin template in silico. Several cyclic peptides models were designed and their binding towards the target peptide and other phosphorylated peptides evaluated through virtual screening. Selected cyclic peptides were then synthesized, purified and characterized. The high affinity and selectivity of the lead cyclic peptide towards the target phosphopeptide was confirmed, and the possibility to capture it using affinity chromatography demonstrated. This work paves the way for the development of cyclic β-hairpin peptidomimetics as a novel class of affinity reagents for the highly selective identification and capture of target molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- I L Batalha
- UCIBIO, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campus Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal.
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Development of a Simple Method for Labeling and Identification of Protein Binders in Art. HERITAGE 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/heritage2030150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Easel paintings are assets with an important historic and cultural value. They usually possess a multi-tiered structure, composed of different layers some of which may present protein binders, making it important to identify these materials for restoration and conservation purposes. We propose the identification of different protein binders by a new fluorescent labeling method employing a coumarin based chromophore, C392STP (sodium(E/Z)-4-(4-(2-(6,7-dimethoxycoumarin-3-yl)vinyl)benzoyl)-2,3,5,6-tetrafluorobenzenesulfo-nate). The method was optimized using commercial proteins and was further tested on proteins extracted from hen’s egg yolk, white bovine milk, and rabbit skin glue. To model more realistic conditions, paint models of easel paintings were prepared. The paint models were made with hen’s egg yolk, white bovine milk, and rabbit skin glue, mixed with different pigments and submitted to artificial aging. Then the extracted proteins from the paint models were labeled with C392 which allowed a sensitive and selective identification by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) of the different protein binders used. As a final test, three 19th century easel paintings, from the Italian painter Giorgio Marini, were analyzed. The results show the potential of the proposed method for the identification of protein binders present in easel paintings.
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Liu L, Shen W, Zhang B, Ma Q. Microchemical Study of Pigments and Binders in Polychrome Relics from Maiji Mountain Grottoes in Northwestern China. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2016; 22:845-856. [PMID: 27485573 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927616011302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In this study, an integrated analytical method was developed to investigate the composition of both the inorganic pigments and organic binders of polychrome relics in Maiji Mountain Grottoes in northwestern China. Cross-sections of each sample were prepared at the beginning of the study, and all experiments were carried out on these cross-sections. Polychromic structures were revealed by optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy-backscattered electron imaging. Inorganic materials were determined by using SEM coupled with an energy dispersive spectrometer and μ-Raman spectrometer, whereas organic materials were identified by staining techniques and highly sensitive and specific immunofluorescence microscopy. Data showed that the red colors are attributed to one or two pigments of red ochre, cinnabar, and minium; the blue pigment is natural lazurite; the green pigment is ascribed to atacamite; the white color is attributed to potassium feldspar; and the black surface is formed by the discoloration of minium to plattnerite under the influence of environmental factors. Regarding organic binders used in painting and preparation layers, mammalian animal glue and chicken egg white were both found alone or in mixture. Finally, the conclusion is made that the Secco technique is employed in polychrome relics from Maiji Mountain Grottoes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luyao Liu
- 1Department of Chemistry,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310027,Zhejiang Province,P.R. China
| | - Wei Shen
- 2School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering,Jiangsu University of Science and Technology,Zhenjiang 212003,Jiangsu Province,P.R. China
| | - Bingjian Zhang
- 1Department of Chemistry,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou 310027,Zhejiang Province,P.R. China
| | - Qian Ma
- 5Maiji Mountain Grottoes Art Research Institute,Tianshui 741000,Gansu Province,P.R. China
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Măruţoiu C, Bratu I, Troşan L, Neamtu C, Măruţoiu VC, Pop D, Tănăselia C, Garabagiu S. Scientific investigation of the Imperial Gates belonging to the wooden church from Săcel, Turda County, Romania. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2016; 152:311-317. [PMID: 26232574 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2015.07.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Revised: 07/19/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Cultural heritage objects have a major contribution to the historical patrimony of every country. In Romania, wooden churches are famous, they are mostly dated in between the XVth and XXth century, but unfortunately many of them have been destroyed, by natural or anthropic means. Therefore, the necessity of conservation and restoration has appeared, to the ones that still exist, as legacy for the future generations. In the present article, an Imperial Gate from a wooden church in Cluj County, Romania, has been investigated, using scientific techniques (FTIR and XRF). A 3D reconstruction has been performed, using similar colors with the original artwork, as resulted from the scientific investigation of the painting materials. A limited number of constituent materials have been used for this artwork, and the wood species used was lime, due to the ease of carving.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Măruţoiu
- "Babes-Bolyai" University, Faculty of Orthodox Theology, Episcop Nicolae Ivan St., 400609 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - I Bratu
- National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, 67-103 Donat St., 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - L Troşan
- Ethnographic Museum of Transylvania, 21 Memorandumului St., 400114 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - C Neamtu
- Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, 28 Memorandumului St., 400114 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - V C Măruţoiu
- "Babes-Bolyai" University, Faculty of Orthodox Theology, Episcop Nicolae Ivan St., 400609 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - D Pop
- University of Art and Design, 31 Unirii Square, 400098 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - C Tănăselia
- INCDO-INOE 2000, Research Institute for Analytical Instrumentation, 67 Donath St., RO-400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - S Garabagiu
- National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic and Molecular Technologies, 67-103 Donat St., 400293 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
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Orsini S, Zinna F, Biver T, Di Bari L, Bonaduce I. Circularly polarized luminescence reveals interaction between commercial stains and protein matrices used in paintings. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra14795j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Here we show that circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) can give unique insight into interactions between fluorescent commercial stains and protein-based materials used in painting. CPL can complement information from ECD and fluorescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sibilla Orsini
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale
- Università di Pisa
- I-56126 Pisa
- Italy
| | - Francesco Zinna
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale
- Università di Pisa
- I-56126 Pisa
- Italy
| | - Tarita Biver
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale
- Università di Pisa
- I-56126 Pisa
- Italy
| | - Lorenzo Di Bari
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale
- Università di Pisa
- I-56126 Pisa
- Italy
| | - Ilaria Bonaduce
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Chimica Industriale
- Università di Pisa
- I-56126 Pisa
- Italy
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Dallongeville S, Garnier N, Rolando C, Tokarski C. Proteins in Art, Archaeology, and Paleontology: From Detection to Identification. Chem Rev 2015; 116:2-79. [PMID: 26709533 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Dallongeville
- Miniaturisation pour la Synthèse, l'Analyse & la Protéomique (MSAP), USR CNRS 3290, Université de Lille 1 Sciences et Technologies , 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France
| | - Nicolas Garnier
- SARL Laboratoire Nicolas Garnier , 63270 Vic le Comte, France
| | - Christian Rolando
- Miniaturisation pour la Synthèse, l'Analyse & la Protéomique (MSAP), USR CNRS 3290, Université de Lille 1 Sciences et Technologies , 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France
| | - Caroline Tokarski
- Miniaturisation pour la Synthèse, l'Analyse & la Protéomique (MSAP), USR CNRS 3290, Université de Lille 1 Sciences et Technologies , 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France
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Kuckova S, Sandu ICA, Crhova M, Hynek R, Fogas I, Muralha VS, Sandu AV. Complementary cross-section based protocol of investigation of polychrome samples of a 16th century Moravian Sculpture by optical, vibrational and mass spectrometric techniques. Microchem J 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2013.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Dallongeville S, Richter M, Schäfer S, Kühlenthal M, Garnier N, Rolando C, Tokarski C. Proteomics applied to the authentication of fish glue: application to a 17th century artwork sample. Analyst 2013; 138:5357-64. [DOI: 10.1039/c3an00786c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Sandu ICA, Schäfer S, Magrini D, Bracci S, Roque CA. Cross-section and staining-based techniques for investigating organic materials in painted and polychrome works of art: a review. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2012; 18:860-875. [PMID: 22849802 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927612000554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The article presents a review of the use of cross-section and staining techniques for investigating natural organic materials (mainly proteinaceous and oil-based binders/varnishes) in painted and polychrome artworks, considering the requirements of conservation practice and routine diagnostics. The reviewed literature calls attention to the importance of using cross sections to prepare samples for optical microscopy and to different properties of embedding resins; the most appropriate instrumental conditions for optical microscopy; and the advantages and disadvantages of the most common staining techniques. A few case studies were selected to illustrate the use of autofluorescence (intrinsic fluorescence) and induced fluorescence (using specific staining tests and fluorophore-labeled antibodies) for mapping and identifying organic paint materials in cross sections. New directions of research in cross-section analyses and fluorescence-based techniques for the identification and mapping of artistic materials are presented. The complementary use of different stains on the same cross section, further exploration of intrinsic and induced fluorescence of aged versus fresh materials, and applicability of cross-section observation and staining as complementary methods for assessing the effectiveness of restoration treatments, such as cleaning and consolidation, are discussed in the last section of the article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Crina Anca Sandu
- REQUIMTE, Departamento de Conservação e Restauro, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campus de Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal.
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