1
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Koç MM, Caglayan MO. Mechanical test and friction-mapping on recycled polypropylene beads using atomic force microscopy. Microsc Res Tech 2021; 85:460-468. [PMID: 34480370 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Mechanical tests at sub-micron scales using force microscopy are often used for the characterization of materials. Here we report the mechanical, tribologic, and morphological characterization of recycled polypropylene beads using force spectroscopy and lateral-force microscopy. The compression-elastic moduli calculated using the Hertzian model for polypropylene beads was between 0.448 ± 0.010 and 1.044 ± 0.057 GPa. The grain size analysis revealed a significant correlation between the grain size and measured compression-elastic moduli. Friction-maps of recycled polypropylene beads obtained using lateral-force microscopy were also reported for 25 μm2 scanning areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mert Muhammed Koç
- Faculty of Engineering, Department of Nanotechnology, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Oguzhan Caglayan
- Faculty of Engineering, Department of Nanotechnology, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey.,Faculty of Engineering, Department of Bioengineering, Bilecik Şeyh Edebali University, Bilecik, Turkey
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2
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El-Damanhoury HM, Elsahn NA, Sheela S, Bastaty T. In Vitro Enamel Remineralization Efficacy of Calcium Silicate-Sodium Phosphate-Fluoride Salts versus NovaMin Bioactive Glass, Following Tooth Whitening. Eur J Dent 2021; 15:515-522. [PMID: 33622008 PMCID: PMC8382453 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1722484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of in-office bleaching on the enamel surface and the efficacy of calcium silicate-sodium phosphate-fluoride salt (CS) and NovaMin bioactive glass (NM) dentifrice in remineralizing bleached enamel.
Materials and Methods
Forty extracted premolars were sectioned mesio-distally, and the facial and lingual enamel were flattened and polished. The samples were equally divided into nonbleached and bleached with 38% hydrogen peroxide (HP). Each group was further divided according to the remineralization protocol (
n
= 10); no remineralization treatment (nontreated), CS, or NM, applied for 3 minutes two times/day for 7 days, or CS combined with NR-5 boosting serum (CS+NR-5) applied for 3 minutes once/day for 3 days. The average Knoop hardness number (KHN) and surface roughness (utilizing atomic force microscopy) were measured. Surface topography/elemental analysis was analyzed by using scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive X-ray analysis. All the tests were performed at baseline, after bleaching, and following each remineralization protocol. Data were statistically analyzed by two-way analysis of variance and Bonferroni post hoc multiple comparison tests (α = 0.05).
Results
HP significantly reduced KHN and increased roughness (
p
< 0.05). All remineralization materials increased the hardness and reduced the surface roughness after bleaching except NM, which demonstrated significantly increased roughness (
p
< 0.05). Ca/P ratio decreased after bleaching (
p < 0.05
), and following treatment, CS and CS+NR-5 exhibited higher remineralization capacity in comparison to NM (
p
< 0.05).
Conclusion
Although none of the material tested was able to reverse the negative effect of high-concentration in-office HP on enamel completely, the remineralization efficacy of CS and CS+NR-5 was superior to that of NM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hatem M El-Damanhoury
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Nesrine A Elsahn
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Dentistry, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates.,Department of Operative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Soumya Sheela
- Dental Biomaterials Research Group, Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Talal Bastaty
- College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
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3
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Scribante A, Poggio C, Gallo S, Riva P, Cuocci A, Carbone M, Arciola CR, Colombo M. In Vitro Re-Hardening of Bleached Enamel Using Mineralizing Pastes: Toward Preventing Bacterial Colonization. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13040818. [PMID: 32054090 PMCID: PMC7079603 DOI: 10.3390/ma13040818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The search for materials able to remineralize human hard tissues is a modern medical challenge. In this study, the protective effect on the enamel microhardness by a paste based on hydroxyapatite and sodium fluoride (Remin Pro) was evaluated after two different enamel bleaching procedures. Forty sound human incisors were randomly assigned to different treatments: bleaching with an in-office agent (Perfect Bleach Office+); bleaching with an at-home agent (Perfect Bleach); bleaching with the in-office agent followed by the prophylaxis paste; bleaching with the at-home agent followed by the prophylaxis paste; no treatment (control). Bleaching was performed at 0, 8, 24 and 32 h, followed by a 3-min re-mineralizing treatment in the subgroups designed to receive it. Specimens underwent a micro-hardness tester and a mean Vickers Hardness number was considered for each specimen. ANOVA exhibited significant differences among groups. Post-hoc Tukey testing showed significant micro-hardness decrease after the application of both the two bleaching agents. The treatment with prophylaxis paste significantly increased the micro-hardness values of bleached enamel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Scribante
- Department of Clinical-Surgical, Diagnostic and Paediatric Sciences-Section of Dentistry, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (A.S.); (P.R.); (A.C.); (M.C.)
| | - Claudio Poggio
- Department of Clinical-Surgical, Diagnostic and Paediatric Sciences-Section of Dentistry, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (A.S.); (P.R.); (A.C.); (M.C.)
- Correspondence: (C.P.); (S.G.); (C.R.A.)
| | - Simone Gallo
- Department of Clinical-Surgical, Diagnostic and Paediatric Sciences-Section of Dentistry, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (A.S.); (P.R.); (A.C.); (M.C.)
- Correspondence: (C.P.); (S.G.); (C.R.A.)
| | - Paolo Riva
- Department of Clinical-Surgical, Diagnostic and Paediatric Sciences-Section of Dentistry, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (A.S.); (P.R.); (A.C.); (M.C.)
| | - Antonella Cuocci
- Department of Clinical-Surgical, Diagnostic and Paediatric Sciences-Section of Dentistry, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (A.S.); (P.R.); (A.C.); (M.C.)
| | - Manuel Carbone
- Department of Clinical-Surgical, Diagnostic and Paediatric Sciences-Section of Dentistry, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (A.S.); (P.R.); (A.C.); (M.C.)
| | - Carla Renata Arciola
- Laboratorio di Patologia delle Infezioni Associate all’Impianto, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, via di Barbiano 1/10, 40136 Bologna, Italy
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, via San Giacomo 14, 40126 Bologna, Italy
- Correspondence: (C.P.); (S.G.); (C.R.A.)
| | - Marco Colombo
- Department of Clinical-Surgical, Diagnostic and Paediatric Sciences-Section of Dentistry, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (A.S.); (P.R.); (A.C.); (M.C.)
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4
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Omar F, Ab-Ghani Z, Rahman NA, Halim MS. Nonprescription Bleaching versus Home Bleaching with Professional Prescriptions: Which One is Safer? A Comprehensive Review of Color Changes and Their Side Effects on Human Enamel. Eur J Dent 2019; 13:589-598. [PMID: 31891975 PMCID: PMC6938424 DOI: 10.1055/s-0039-1700659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study evaluates the efficacy and safety of the professionally prescribed and nonprescription over-the-counter (OTC) bleaching agents. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Extracted human upper central incisors were prepared and stained with red wine for 14 days before being subjected to four different bleaching agents: professionally prescribed opalescence PF 15%, VOCO Perfect Bleach 10%, nonprescription OTC Crest 3D Whitestrips, and Whitelight Teeth Whitening System. Colorimetric measurement was performed with Vita Easyshade Handheld Spectrophotometer, enamel surface microhardness measured using Vickers Hardness machine, and surface roughness was evaluated with profilometer, before and after bleaching. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) evaluation and atomic force microscopy were conducted postbleaching. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS The data were analyzed with t-test, two-way ANOVA, one-way ANOVA, and Turkey's test at a significance level of 5%. RESULTS All bleaching products have the same efficacy to whiten stained enamel. Opalescence PF 15% showed significant increase in the microhardness (92.69 ± 68.316). All groups demonstrated significant increase in surface roughness (p < 0.05). SEM evaluation showed that Opalescence PF 15% resulted in same microscopic appearance as unbleached enamel, while VOCO Perfect Bleach 10%, Whitelight Teeth Whitening System and Crest 3D Whitestrips demonstrated mild to moderate irregularities and accentuated irregularities, respectively. CONCLUSION Professionally prescribed bleaching agent of Opalescence PF 15% is effective tin whitening the teeth, while the other bleaching products may be effective but also have deleterious effects on the enamel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhana Omar
- Conservative Dentistry Unit, School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Zuryati Ab-Ghani
- Prosthodontic Unit, School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Normastura Abd Rahman
- Dental Public Health Unit, School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Mohamad Syahrizal Halim
- Conservative Dentistry Unit, School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia
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Carlos NR, Pinto A, do Amaral F, França F, Turssi CP, Basting RT. Influence of Staining Solutions on Color Change and Enamel Surface Properties During At-home and In-office Dental Bleaching: An In Situ Study. Oper Dent 2019; 44:595-608. [PMID: 31034349 DOI: 10.2341/18-236-c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this in situ study was to evaluate the influence of staining solutions (coffee and cola) on the color change, microhardness, roughness, and micromorphology of the enamel surface during at-home and in-office dental bleaching. One hundred and thirty-five enamel bovine blocks were prepared to perform the evaluations. Fifteen volunteers used an intraoral appliance with nine enamel blocks for 15 days. The enamel blocks were randomly assigned among the different groups according to the three treatments: in-office bleaching with high hydrogen peroxide concentration (Opalescence Boost PF 40%, Ultradent) for 40 minutes in three sessions (first, eighth, and 15th days of treatment), at-home bleaching with low carbamide peroxide concentration (Opalescence PF 10%, Ultradent) for 60 minutes daily for 15 days, and a control group (no bleaching agent applied). The enamel blocks were immersed daily in different staining solutions (coffee or cola) for 30 minutes for 15 days or were not submitted to staining (control) to obtain a factorial scheme (3×3) of the dental bleaching treatment and staining solution (n=15). The microhardness analyses (Knoop), roughness evaluations (Ra), surface micromorphological observations, and color measurements (using the CIELAB system and the VITA Classical scale) were made before and after the bleaching treatments to assess immersion in staining solutions. Mixed model tests showed that there was a decrease in enamel microhardness after exposure to cola compared with coffee and the control group (p<0.0001) for both bleaching techniques. Roughness was higher for the cola groups (p<0.0001), and there was no significant difference between the coffee and the control groups. Generalized linear models showed that when no staining solution was applied, lighter color scores were found for the VITA Classical scale (p<0.0001). Without the staining solutions, there was an increase in luminosity (ΔL) (p=0.0444) for in-office bleaching. Lower values of Δa (p=0.0010) were observed when the staining solutions were not used. The Δb (p=0.3929) did not vary significantly between the bleaching agents, but when cola was applied, the values were significantly higher than for the control (p=0.0293). Higher values of ΔE (p=0.0089) were observed for in-office bleaching without staining solutions, while lower values of ΔE were observed for the in-office associated with coffee immersion. Regardless of whether being submitted to bleaching, the enamel stained with cola showed a decrease in microhardness, an increase in roughness, and changes in the micromorphology. The efficacy of the bleaching agents was greater when no staining solution (cola or coffee) was used, and in-office bleaching showed greater color change than the at-home bleaching technique.
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6
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The effect of long-term use of tooth bleaching products on the human enamel surface. Odontology 2017; 106:64-72. [PMID: 28547569 DOI: 10.1007/s10266-017-0308-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the long-term effect of bleaching on human enamel. Four groups of enamel specimens were prepared (n = 20): group 1: bleaching with Opalescence Boost [40% hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), 3 × 20 min/week]; group 2: control group (the specimens were stored in human saliva); group 3: beaching with Vivastyle Paint on Plus (6% H2O2, 2 × 10 min/day), and group 4: bleaching with Opalescence PF 16% [16% carbamide peroxide (CP), 6 h/day]. After each bleaching session the specimens were stored in human saliva. Knoop microhardness and surface roughness were measured: before bleaching, after 2-week and after 8-week bleaching. After 2-week treatment, surface roughness was significantly increased in all experimental groups (p < 0.05), while among them no significant difference was found (p > 0.05). The roughness changes exerted after 8-week bleaching were not significantly higher than the ones after 2 weeks (p > 0.05). After 8-week treatment, the increase in roughness caused by 16% CP was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than the one caused by 40% H2O2. Microhardness increased in all groups including control; however, only 40% H2O2 increased the microhardness significantly (p < 0.05). The effect of bleaching on enamel was not shown to be dependent on the method or the H2O2 concentration. Bleaching with CP 16% resulted in higher roughness than bleaching with H2O2, while 40% H2O2 caused the higher microhardness increase. The present study showed that in-office bleaching with 40% H2O2 seems to be at least as safe as home bleaching as far as their effects on human enamel are concerned.
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7
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Petta TDM, do Socorro Batista de Lima Gomes Y, Antunes Esteves R, do Carmo Freitas Faial K, Souza D`Almeida Couto R, Martins Silva C. Chemical Composition and Microhardness of Human Enamel Treated with Fluoridated Whintening Agents. A Study in Situ. Open Dent J 2017; 11:34-40. [PMID: 28405245 PMCID: PMC5368773 DOI: 10.2174/1874210601711010034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Revised: 11/25/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background:
Dental whitening has been increasingly sought out to improve dental aesthetics, but may cause chemical and morphological changes in dental enamel surfaces.
Objective:
Assess in situ the effects of high-concentration hydrogen peroxide with and without fluoride on human dental enamel using the ion chromatography test (IC) and the Knoop hardness test (KHN).
Material and Methods:
Nineteen enamel specimens were prepared using third human molars. These specimens were fixed on molars of volunteers and were divided into groups: OP38-Opalescence Boost PF38%, PO37-Pola Office 37.5% and CO-Control group. For chemical analysis (n= 3), the dentin layer was removed, keeping only the enamel, which was subjected to acidic digestion by microwave radiation. It was necessary to perform sample dilutions for the elements fluorine (F), calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) for quantification using the IC test. The KHN (n= 5) was performed before and after the treatments. Five indentations were made, separated by 100 µm, for each specimen using a load of 25 gf for 5 seconds in the microdurometer. The data were analyzed using ANOVA with a 5% significance level.
Results:
The OP38 group had the largest concentrations of F, Ca and P ions. The PO37 group showed the lowest concentrations of F and Ca ions. The average KHN was not significantly different between the OP38 and PO37 groups.
Conclusion:
Enamel whitened with hydrogen peroxide containing fluoride had greater concentrations of F, Ca and P ions. The presence of fluoride in the whitening agent did not influence the enamel microhardness.
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8
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Loiola ABA, Souza-Gabriel AE, Scatolin RS, Corona SAM. Impact of hydrogen peroxide activated by lighting-emitting diode/laser system on enamel color and microhardness: An in situ design. Contemp Clin Dent 2016; 7:312-6. [PMID: 27630493 PMCID: PMC5004542 DOI: 10.4103/0976-237x.188544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Hydrogen peroxide (HP) at lower concentration can provide less alteration on enamel surface and when combined with laser therapy, could decrease tooth sensitivity. This in situ study evaluated the influence of 15% and 35% HP gel activated by lighting-emitting diode (LED)/laser light for in-office tooth bleaching. Materials and Methods: Forty-four bovine enamel slabs were polished and subjected to surface microhardness (load of 25 g for 5 s). The specimens were placed in intraoral palatal devices of 11 volunteers (n = 11). Sample was randomly distributed into four groups according to the bleaching protocol: 15% HP, 15% HP activated by LED/laser, 35% HP, and 35% HP activated by LED/laser. The experimental phase comprised 15 days and bleaching protocols were performed on the 2nd and 9th days. Surface microhardness (KHN) and color changes were measured and data were analyzed by ANOVA (α = 0.05). Results: There were no significant differences in microhardness values neither in color alteration of enamel treated with 15% HP and 35% HP activated or not by LED/laser system (P > 0.05). Conclusions: Both concentrations of HP (15 or 35%), regardless of activated by an LED/laser light, did not affect the surface microhardness and had the same effectiveness in enamel bleaching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Bárbara Araújo Loiola
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Ribeirao Preto School of Dentistry, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Renata Siqueira Scatolin
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Ribeirao Preto School of Dentistry, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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9
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Mirzaie M, Yassini E, Ganji S, Moradi Z, Chiniforush N. A Comparative Study of Enamel Surface Roughness After Bleaching With Diode Laser and Nd: YAG Laser. J Lasers Med Sci 2016; 7:197-200. [PMID: 28144442 DOI: 10.15171/jlms.2016.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Bleaching process can affect surface roughness of enamel, which is a vital factor in esthetic and resistance of tooth. The aim of this study was to compare surface roughness of enamel in teeth bleached using Diode and Neodymium-Doped Yttrium Aluminium Garnet (Nd: YAG) lasers with those bleached using conventional method. Methods: In this study, 75 anterior human teeth from upper and lower jaws (These teeth extracted because of periodontal disease) were randomly divided into 5 groups. Group 1: Laser white gel (Biolase, USA) with 45% hydrogen peroxide concentration and GaAlAs Diode laser (CHEESETM, GIGAA, China), group 2: Heydent gel (JW, Germany) with 30% Hydrogen peroxide concentration and Diode laser, group 3: Laser white gel and Nd:YAG laser (FIDELISTM, Fotona, Slovenia), group 4: Heydent gel and Nd:YAG laser and group 5: The Iranian gel Kimia (Iran) with 35% hydrogen peroxide concentration were used. Surface roughness of the samples was measured using the Surface Roughness Tester system (TR 200 Time Group, Germany) before and after bleaching. In each group, one sample was randomly selected for SEM analysis. Results: The results showed that the mean surface roughness of the teeth before and after bleaching had a significant difference in all the study groups. It was indicated that after bleaching, the mean surface roughness had increased in all the study groups. The highest surface roughness was seen in the conventional bleaching group and the lowest surface roughness was reported in group 3 (laser white gel + diode laser), in which the average surface roughness increased by only 0.1 μm. Conclusion: It was concluded that using the Laser white gel and the diode laser for bleaching resulted in the least surface roughness compared to conventional method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansoreh Mirzaie
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Esmaiel Yassini
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Zohreh Moradi
- Department of Operative Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nasim Chiniforush
- Laser Research Center of Dentistry (LRCD), Dental Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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10
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Poggio C, Grasso N, Ceci M, Beltrami R, Colombo M, Chiesa M. Ultrastructural evaluation of enamel surface morphology after tooth bleaching followed by the application of protective pastes. SCANNING 2016; 38:221-226. [PMID: 26376339 DOI: 10.1002/sca.21263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Revised: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 08/21/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present in vitro study was to evaluate the morphology of bleached enamel surface followed by the application of different protective pastes. Specimens were prepared from 50 human incisors free of caries and defects. The bleaching procedure was performed with 35% hydrogen peroxide (Perfect Bleach Office+). For the remineralization treatment, different protective pastes (Tooth Mousse, MI Paste Plus, Remin Pro, and Profluorid Varnish) were evaluated. Specimens were randomly assigned to 10 groups of 5 specimens each. The specimens were analyzed under scanning electron microscopy. The superficial morphology of enamel was examined and scored as follows: 0, enamel with smooth surface morphology; 1, enamel with slight irregularities; 2, enamel with moderate irregularities; 3, enamel with accentuated irregularities. The photomicrographs were evaluated in a double-blind manner by three examiners, previously calibrated. Results were analyzed by a Kruskal-Wallis nonparametric test, at the significance level of 0.05. Dunn method posttest was applied for multiple comparisons. A different superficial morphology was observed among control group specimens and specimens treated with bleaching agent and protective pastes (p < 0.05). Enamel bleached showed pronounced surface changes and irregularities, significantly different from other groups except for groups 8 (enamel + Perfect Bleach Office+ + Remin Pro) and 10 (enamel + Perfect Bleach Office+ + Profluorid Varnish) (p > 0.05). The application of the tested pastes after bleaching is effective on repairing enamel surface morphology, demonstrating a higher efficacy for the CPP-ACP products compared to fluoridated ones. SCANNING 38:221-226, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Poggio
- Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences - Section of Dentistry, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Nicolò Grasso
- Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences - Section of Dentistry, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Matteo Ceci
- Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences - Section of Dentistry, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Riccardo Beltrami
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences - Section of Statistics, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Marco Colombo
- Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences - Section of Dentistry, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Marco Chiesa
- Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences - Section of Dentistry, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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11
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Yu D, Gao S, Min J, Zhang Q, Gao S, Yu H. Nanotribological and Nanomechanical Properties Changes of Tooth After Bleaching and Remineralization in Wet Environment. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2015; 10:463. [PMID: 26625887 PMCID: PMC4666889 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-015-1167-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/22/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Teeth bleaching cases had increased with people's desire for oral aesthetic; however, bleached teeth would still undertake chewing actions and remineralizing process in saliva. Nanotribological and nanomechanical properties are proper displays for dental performance of bleached teeth. The purpose of the research was to reveal the effect of bleaching and remineralization on the nanotribological and nanomechanical properties of teeth in wet environment. The specimens were divided into four groups according to the bleaching products used: 12 % hydrogen peroxide (HP) (12HP group); 15 % carbamide peroxide (CP) (15CP group); 35 % CP (35CP group); and artificial saliva (control group). The nanotribological and nanomechanical property changes of tooth enamel after bleaching and remineralization were evaluated respectively by nanoscratch and nanoindentation tests in wet environment, imitating the wet oral environment. The morphology changes were evaluated by statistical parametric mapping (SPM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). After bleaching, 12HP group and 15CP group showed increased scratch depth with more pile ups on the scratch edges, decreased nanohardness, and corroded surface appearance. While the 35CP group showed an increase in nanoscratch depth, no change in nanohardness and surface appearance was observed. The control group showed no change in these measurements. After remineralization, the three bleaching groups showed decreased nanoscratch depth and no change of nanohardness compared with the bleached teeth. And the control group showed no changes in nanotribological and nanomechanical properties. The nanotribological and nanomechanical properties of the 12HP group and 15CP group were affected by bleaching, but the nanotribological properties recovered partly and the nanomechanical properties got no change after 1 week of remineralization. As for the 35CP group, the nanotribological properties were influenced and the nanomechanical properties were not affected. These results remind us of taking actions to protect our teeth during bleaching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shanshan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jie Min
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qianqian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shuai Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Haiyang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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12
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de Moraes IQS, Silva LNDB, Porto ICCDM, de Lima Neto CF, Dos Santos NB, Fragoso LSDM. Effect of in-office bleaching with 35% hydrogen peroxide with and without addition of calcium on the enamel surface. Microsc Res Tech 2015; 78:975-81. [PMID: 26279091 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.22561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Revised: 07/04/2015] [Accepted: 07/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate effectiveness and effects of bleaching with 35% hydrogen peroxide with and without calcium on color, micromorphology, and the replacement of calcium and phosphate on the enamel surface. Thirty bovine enamel blocks (5.0 × 5.0 mm) were placed into the following groups: G1: artificial saliva (control); G2: 35% hydrogen peroxide gel without calcium (Whiteness HP Maxx-FGM); and G3: 35% hydrogen peroxide gel with calcium (Whiteness HP Blue-FGM). Three color measurements were performed with a spectrophotometer: untreated (baseline), after performing staining, and after application of bleaching agents. Calcium deposition on the enamel was evaluated before and after the application of bleaching agents using energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry. The enamel surface micromorphology was observed under scanning electron microscopy. The pH of each product was measured. The data were subjected to one-factor analysis of variance (ANOVA), and any differences were analyzed using Tukey's test (P < 0.05). G3 showed greater variation in total color after the experiment than G2 and G1; there was no significant difference in calcium or phosphorus concentration before and after the experimental procedures; morphological changes were observed only in G2 and G3; and the pH values of the Whiteness HP Maxx and Whiteness HP Blue bleaching agents were 5.77 and 7.79, respectively. The 35% hydrogen peroxide with calcium showed greater bleaching potential, but the addition of calcium had no effect in terms of reducing morphological changes or increasing the calcium concentration on the enamel surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izadora Quintela Souza de Moraes
- School of Dentistry, Federal University of Alagoas, Campus AC Simões, Av. Lourival Melo Mota, S/N, Tabuleiro Do Martins, CEP: 57072-970, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Lucas Nunes de Brito Silva
- School of Dentistry, Federal University of Alagoas, Campus AC Simões, Av. Lourival Melo Mota, S/N, Tabuleiro Do Martins, CEP: 57072-970, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Isabel Cristina Celerino de Moraes Porto
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Alagoas, Campus AC Simões, Av. Lourival Melo Mota, S/N, Tabuleiro Do Martins, CEP: 57072-970, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Cantídio Francisco de Lima Neto
- Laboratório LEAP, Instituto De Química E Biotecnologia (IQB), Federal University of Alagoas, Campus AC Simões, Av. Lourival Melo Mota, S/N, Tabuleiro Do Martins, CEP: 57072-970, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Natanael Barbosa Dos Santos
- Department of Cariology, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Alagoas, Campus AC Simões, Av. Lourival Melo Mota, S/N, Tabuleiro Do Martins, CEP: 57072-970, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Larissa Silveira de Mendonça Fragoso
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Alagoas, Campus AC Simões, Av. Lourival Melo Mota, S/N, Tabuleiro Do Martins, CEP: 57072-970, Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
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13
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Nacanichi RDA, Tonetto MR, Bandéca MC, Andrade MF, Martins Segalla JC, Silva MB, Bhandi SH, Miranda Pedro FL, Elossais AA. Influence of standard load micro- and nanopatterned in surface roughness of bleached teeth and submitted to different surface treatments. J Contemp Dent Pract 2015; 16:167-171. [PMID: 26057912 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was evaluate the dental enamel after whitening treatment with Opalescence Boost PF™ 38%, correlating the structural alterations in the surface of the enamel with its respective pH and verify if whitened teeth submitted to different finishing and polishing techniques show similar surface texture to healthy teeth (control group). Sixty premolars were divided in 6 groups (n = 10), which had been immersed in artificial saliva during all the experiment. Protocol whitening was performed according to the manufacturer recommendations, and then the specimens were submitted to different polishing technique with Sof-Lex Pop On™ disks, Flex Diamond™ felt disks using two different micrometric polishing pastes (Enamelize™ and Diamond Polish™) and two nanometric polishing pastes (Lummina-E Diamond and Lummina-E Alumina), according to the groups. Representative specimens were analyzed in scanning electronic microscopy (SEM). Whitening gel used in this experiment had modified the morphologic aspect of the enamel surface. It was found that two nanometric polishing pastes (G5 and G6) promoted a less rough surface compared to control group even after the whitening process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata do Amaral Nacanichi
- Department of Dentistry, Centro Universitário da Grande Dourados (Unigran), Dourados, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Mateus Rodrigues Tonetto
- Department of Integrated Dentistry Science, University of Cuiabá, UNIC, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Matheus Coelho Bandéca
- Head Postgraduate Program in Dentistry, Department of Dentistry, CEUMA University, São Luis, Brazil, e-mail:
| | - Marcelo Ferrarezi Andrade
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry at Araraquara, UNESP - São Paulo State University, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José Cláudio Martins Segalla
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry at Araraquara, UNESP - São Paulo State University, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Shilpa H Bhandi
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, MS Ramaiah Dental College and Hospital, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Fábio Luiz Miranda Pedro
- Department of Integrated Dentistry Science, University of Cuiabá, UNIC, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - André Afif Elossais
- Department of Dentistry, Centro Universitário da Grande Dourados (Unigran), Dourados, Mato Grosso, Brazil
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14
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Pintado-Palomino K, Tirapelli C. The effect of home-use and in-office bleaching treatments combined with experimental desensitizing agents on enamel and dentin. Eur J Dent 2015; 9:66-73. [PMID: 25713487 PMCID: PMC4319303 DOI: 10.4103/1305-7456.149645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate in vitro the effect of formulations containing Biosilicate to treat enamel and dentin bovine samples exposed to dental bleaching agents. MATERIALS AND METHODS On enamel and dentin bleached with commercial gels containing 16% carbamide peroxide (CP) (14 days/4 h) or 35% hydrogen peroxide (single session/45 min), desensitizing dentifrices (Sensodyne(®); experimental dentifrice of Biosilicate(®); Odontis RX(®); Sorriso(®)) were applied along 14 days and desensitizing pastes (Biosilicate(®)/water 1:1; Dessensebilize NanoP(®); Bioglass type 45S5/water 1:1) were applied on days 1, 3, 7, 10 and 14. Distilled water was the control. Microhardness (MH) and roughness measurements were the variables measured on the samples before and after the treatments. Student's t-test analyzed differences before and after the treatments. Two-way analysis of variance and post-hoc Tukey test analyzed differences among the factors desensitizing, bleaching agents and substrate. RESULTS Tukey test showed no differences in roughness for both bleaching treatments and among the desensitizing agents (P > 0.05). Differences in MH appeared on enamel treated with in-home bleaching when control group (lower values) was compared with Sensodyne, Biosilicate dentifrice, Biosilicate paste, and Bioglass paste (higher values). Comparisons between desensitizing agents on dentin treated with both bleaching gels showed no statistical differences. CONCLUSIONS The effect of formulations containing Biosilicate (Biosilicate dentifrice and paste) was significant in the MH of enamel bleached with 16% CP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Pintado-Palomino
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Camila Tirapelli
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
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15
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Nascimento WC, Gomes YDSBDL, Alexandrino LD, Costi HT, Silva JOC, Silva CM. Influence of fluoride concentration and pH Value of 35% hydrogen peroxide on the hardness, roughness and morphology of bovine enamel. J Contemp Dent Pract 2014; 15:392-8. [PMID: 25576101 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effects of different sodium fuoride (NaF) concentrations and pH values on the Knoop hardness (KHN), surface roughness (SR), and morphology of bovine incisors bleached with 35% hydrogen peroxide (HP). MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixty-five bovine incisors were fragmented (5 mm(2) × 2 mm) and distributed in 5 groups: Control (unbleached), Low NaF/Acidic (35% HP + 1.3% NaF, pH 5.5), Low NaF/Neutral (35% HP + 1.3% NaF, pH 7.0), High NaF/ Acidic (35% HP + 2% NaF, pH 5.5), and High NaF/Neutral (35% HP + 2% NaF, pH 7.0). KHN analysis was performed with a microhardness tester under a load of 25 gf for 5 seconds. The average SR was obtained with a rugosimeter. KHN and SR were analyzed before and after treatments. For morphological analysis, specimens were dehydrated and gold-sputtered, and scanning electron micrographs were obtained and analyzed by 3 examiners with a double-blinded technique. KHN and SR results were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Tukey's test (p < 0.05). RESULTS Only the Low NaF/Acidic and Low NaF/Neutral groups showed significant differences between the initial and final KHN values. All bleached groups presented significant differences between the initial and final SR values. Among the bleached groups, the least and most morphological changes were shown by the High NaF/Neutral and the Low NaF/Acidic group, respectively. CONCLUSION Treatment with 35% HP and 2% NaF at pH 7.0 promoted the least changes in morphology, hardness and roughness among the bleached groups. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE In-office bleaching with high-concentration HP and 2% NaF at neutral pH promoted the least changes in enamel hardness, SR, and morphology compared to other treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Cecy Martins Silva
- PhD, Department of Dental Materials, Federal University of Paré, Paré, Brazil
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16
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Evaluation of the effects of conventional versus laser bleaching techniques on enamel microroughness. Lasers Med Sci 2014; 30:1013-8. [PMID: 24504661 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-014-1523-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2013] [Accepted: 01/13/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays, bleaching of the teeth within the dental office is one of the most widespread techniques to correct tooth discoloration. Variability of the materials and techniques accompanied with the trend toward esthetic restorations with minimally invasive approaches are increasing. The use of laser in this regard has also been taken into consideration. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of in-office versus laser bleaching on surface roughness of enamel. Fifteen freshly extracted human molars were sectioned mesiodistally to produce 30 lingual and buccal enamel blocks. Samples were mounted in transparent acrylic resin blocks and polished before treatment. Samples were randomly assigned to laser bleaching (LB) and office bleaching (OB) groups (n = 15 each). Pretreatment evaluation of microroughness was carried out for all samples using profilometer. Samples were treated twice in the OB group with Opalescent Xtra Boost and in the LB group using a laser-activated gel. Microroughness was evaluated after bleaching in both groups. Data were analyzed using repeated measure ANOVA. Both methods increased enamel surface roughness. Microroughness changes were significantly different between the two groups (p < 0.05). Microroughness significantly increased in the OB group (p > 0.05), but there was no significant difference in pre- and post-treatment roughness evaluation in the LB group (p < 0.05). Laser was considered a safer technique because it demonstrated a less surface roughness increase in comparison with the conventional office bleaching procedure.
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