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Yildiz MT, Babacan N. Comparison of tensile properties and porcelain bond strength in metal frameworks fabricated by selective laser melting using three different Co-Cr alloy powders. J Prosthet Dent 2024; 131:936-942. [PMID: 38042642 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2023.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM The selective laser melting (SLM) manufacturing technique has been widely employed to produce Co-Cr dental metal frameworks. The selection of Co-Cr alloy powders has the potential to influence the microstructure and tensile properties, consequently impacting the bond strength of the metal-porcelain. However, limited information is available regarding the effect of Co-Cr alloy powder on these properties when all other factors remain consistent. PURPOSE The purpose of this in vitro study was to assess how the choice of Co-Cr alloys during SLM manufacturing influences the microstructure, tensile properties, and bond strength of metal-ceramic combinations. MATERIAL AND METHODS Three different Co-Cr alloy powders, Co-Cr-Mo, Co-Cr-Mo-W, and Co-Cr-W were selected in this study. The powder characteristics and chemical compositions were analyzed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis, respectively. Subsequently, 12×12×15-mm cube specimens, cylindrical tensile test specimens, and 25×3×0.5-mm metal strips were fabricated using the SLM technique. Microstructural investigations of the cube specimens were conducted after metallographic preparation using SEM. The cylindrical tensile specimens (n=8) from each composition were subjected to tensile tests at a deformation rate of 0.5 mm/min. Following the application of ceramic to the metal specimens (n=10) in each group, the strength of the metal-ceramic bond was evaluated through a 3-point bend test conducted at a crosshead speed of 1 mm/min. Mechanical properties obtained from the tensile tests and bond strength values were statistically analyzed using a one-way ANOVA and Tukey post hoc comparison tests (α=.05). RESULTS Melt pool boundaries, columnar and equiaxed grains, and precipitates were observed in the microstructures of 3 different alloys produced by SLM. The Co-Cr-Mo-W alloy had more uniformly dispersed and finely distributed precipitates compared with other alloy compositions. The Co-Cr-Mo-W alloy had exhibited the highest yield strength (1068.0 ±41.2 MPa) and ultimate tensile strength (1263.4 ±10.7 MPa) while showing the lowest ductility under the tensile tests (6.1 ±0.9%) among all 3 alloys. Significant differences in the tensile mechanical properties were observed in the alloys except between the yield strength of the Co-Cr-Mo and Co-Cr-W alloys. The highest elongation (8.9 ±1.2%) was seen in the Co-Cr-Mo alloy. However, no significant differences were detected regarding the bond strength of all 3 groups (P>.05). The mean bond strength values were approximately 42 MPa for all the alloys. CONCLUSIONS The results indicate that the selection of different Co-Cr alloy powders used in SLM production may influence both microstructure and tensile properties. However, the strength of the metal-ceramic bond of Co-Cr alloys remained unaffected by this selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammed Taha Yildiz
- Research Assistant, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sivas University of Science and Technology, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Nazim Babacan
- Associate Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sivas University of Science and Technology, Sivas, Turkey.
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Altuntas MC, Guleryuz A. Evaluation of the relationship between metallurgical properties and metal-ceramic bond characteristics of Co-Cr alloys manufactured by different techniques. J Prosthet Dent 2023; 130:937.e1-937.e10. [PMID: 37806942 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2023.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Metal-ceramic restorations made from cobalt chromium (Co-Cr) alloy have been increasing, but studies on the effects of different manufacturing techniques on metal-ceramic interface characteristics and metal-ceramic bond strength are sparse. PURPOSE The purpose of this in vitro study was to examine the metal-ceramic interface and the metal-ceramic bond strength of a Co-Cr alloy produced by casting, milling, and selective laser melting (SLM) with or without thermal cycling. MATERIAL AND METHODS Co-Cr alloys were prepared by casting, milling, and SLM. Two different SLM devices were used. Ninety-six specimens (25×3×0.5 mm) were manufactured. The structure of the oxidation surface of Co-Cr specimens was examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and by X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRFS). After porcelain application, selected specimens were thermal cycled, and the strength of the metal-ceramic bond was measured by the 3-point bend test. All specimens were analyzed for failure type with a stereomicroscope. The elemental composition and morphology of the metal-ceramic interface were examined by XRFS and SEM with energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX). The results of bond strength were analyzed using a 2-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) for manufacturing methods and testing conditions and the Tukey honest significant difference (HSD) test (α=.05). RESULTS The main effect of the interactions of the testing condition and manufacturing method variables on the bond strength variable was not statistically significantly different. No significant differences were found among the testing conditions tested (P=.638). Significant differences were found among the manufacturing methods tested statistically (P<.001). Statistically significant differences were found in the CAD-CAM and CONSEPT LASER groups, the CAD-CAM and SLM LASER groups, the CAD-CAM and CAST groups, and the CAST-SLM LASER groups (P<.05). Differences were observed among the interface morphologies of casting, milling, and the two SLM groups. CONCLUSIONS The bond strength between Co-Cr alloy and ceramic is affected by the manufacturing method. The metal-ceramic bond strength is independent of thermal cycling. The bond strength value in all groups was over 25 MPa, which has been considered clinically acceptable. The interface metallurgical structures of Co-Cr alloys were affected by different manufacturing techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merve Cennet Altuntas
- Dental Specialist, Tacirler Education Foundation Sultanbeyli Oral and Dental Health Education and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Aysegül Guleryuz
- Professor, Erciyes University, Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Kayseri, Turkey
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Muacevic A, Adler JR. The Effect of Clinical Sandblasting With Different Powders on the Surface Roughness of Cores for Metal-Ceramic Crowns and Their Fracture Resistance After the Addition of Repair Material: An In-Vitro Study. Cureus 2022; 14:e33012. [PMID: 36712729 PMCID: PMC9879587 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.33012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background One of the most frequently encountered issues with metal-ceramic restorations is the fracture of veneering porcelain. This in-vitro study aims to evaluate the effect of clinical sandblasting with 50 μm aluminum oxide and 30 μm silica-coated particles on the surface roughness of metal cores and the subsequent effect on their fracture resistance after the addition of specific adhesive and packable composite as a repair material. Methodology Metal cores (n = 21) were digitally designed and three-dimensionally printed by selective laser melting (SLM) technique. These cores were randomly divided into three groups. Group A (n = 8) was sandblasted with 50 μm aluminum oxide and veneered with light cure composite. Group B (n = 8) was sandblasted with 30 μm silica-coated particles and veneered with light cure composite. Group C control group (n = 5) was sandblasted in the laboratory with 250 μm aluminum oxide and veneered with porcelain. All specimens were tested for surface roughness by a stylus profilometer. After adding the veneering material, all specimens were subjected to a fracture resistance test through a universal testing machine. Results One-way analysis of variance test showed a significantly higher difference for the specimens sandblasted in the laboratory using 250 μm aluminum oxide. Fracture resistance values showed no significant difference between groups A and B. Conclusions Groups A and B showed no significant difference in surface roughness, but their fracture resistance values were above the acceptable clinical limit. Despite the rough nature of metal cores fabricated by the SLM technique, sandblasting with silica-coated particles may be an effective way to optimize the fracture resistance of the repair material because it provides the basis for chemical adhesion.
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Xing X, Hu Q, Liu Y, Wang Y, Cheng H. Comparative analysis of the surface properties and corrosion resistance of Co-Cr dental alloys fabricated by different methods. J Prosthet Dent 2022; 127:497.e1-497.e11. [PMID: 34998583 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2021.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEMS The complex oral environment leads to the corrosion of dental alloy materials and the release of metal ions that may have a negative impact on health. Digital manufacturing is increasingly being used in dentistry, but whether digitally manufactured prostheses have better resistance to corrosion than traditional cast prostheses is unclear. PURPOSE The purpose of this in vitro study was to determine the surface properties and corrosion resistance of dental cobalt-chromium (Co-Cr) alloys fabricated by lost-wax casting (CAST), selective laser melting (SLM), and computer numerical control milling (CNC). MATERIAL AND METHODS The surface characteristics of the specimens were analyzed via scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), metallurgical observation, and X-ray diffraction (XRD). For corrosion resistance, the specimens were immersed in artificial saliva at a pH 2.3 and 6.8 for 1, 4, and 7 weeks. Then, inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was used to detect the main metal ion. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was conducted based on a 3-electrode system to assess the electrochemical corrosion resistance. An ANOVA test was used to evaluate statistically significant differences among the groups (α=.05). RESULTS The SLM and CNC specimens showed more homogenous microstructures, less ion release at different times and pH, and more charge transfer resistance than CAST specimens. CONCLUSIONS Compared with casting, SLM-printing and CNC-milling have advantages in terms of surface properties and corrosion resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojie Xing
- Graduate student, Graduate Prosthodontics, Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterial & Stomatological Key Lab of Fujian College and University, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China
| | - Qin Hu
- Graduate student, Graduate Prosthodontics, Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterial & Stomatological Key Lab of Fujian College and University, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Graduate student, Graduate Prosthodontics, Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterial & Stomatological Key Lab of Fujian College and University, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China
| | - Yinghui Wang
- Researcher, Institute of Stomatology & Research Center of Dental Esthetics and Biomechanics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China
| | - Hui Cheng
- Professor, Institute of Stomatology & Research Center of Dental Esthetics and Biomechanics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, PR China.
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Ünal E, Tugut F. The Effect of Cooling Times on the Bonding Between Porcelain and Metal Alloys Fabricated by Different Techniques: In Vitro Study. JOURNAL OF ADVANCED ORAL RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/23202068211037174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different cooling times on shear bond strength between cobalt–chromium metal frameworks fabricated by different techniques and veneering porcelain. Materials and Methods: One hundred twenty cobalt–chromium metal ceramic samples were obtained by three different techniques (casting, milling, and laser sintering). During the porcelain firing, fast and slow cooling protocols were applied. Ten specimens from each group were determined for all groups. The shear bond strength of the metal ceramic samples was measured by a universal testing machine with a constant crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min. One sample from each group was evaluated by the scanning electron microscopy analysis in terms of surface change and fracture morphology. Variance analysis and Tukey test were used to analyze statistically significant differences between groups. Results: It was seen that the difference between the bond strengths of the metal frameworks obtained by different techniques was statistically significant ( P < .05). All groups except for difference between the bond strengths of all the frameworks metal groups with G-Ceram porcelain were statistically significant ( P < .05). The best bond strengths that were statistically significant were fast cooling G-Ceram (19.65 ± 2.65 MPa) with metal frameworks fabricated by laser sintering, fast cooling with metal framework fabricated by milling Noritake (19.17 ± 2.91 MPa), and the metal framework fabricated by casting was found to be slow cooling Noritake (12.99 ± 2.08 MPa) were seen. Conclusion: The porcelain cooling times had significant effect on the shear bond strength of porcelain to casting, milling and laser sintering alloys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emine Ünal
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Faik Tugut
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
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Corrosion Resistance of Cr–Co Alloys Subjected to Porcelain Firing Heat Treatment—In Vitro Study. Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9040636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The procedure of ceramics fusion to cobalt–chromium (Co–Cr) base dental crowns affects their corrosion behavior and biological tolerance. This study’s purpose was to comparatively evaluate the effect of heat treatment (HT) applicable for dental ceramics firing on the corrosion properties among Co–Cr base alloys fabricated via different methods: casting (CST), milling soft metal and post sintering (MSM), and selective laser melting (SLM). All specimens were subjected to a heat treatment corresponding to a full firing schedule. The microstructure and elemental composition of oxidized surfaces were investigated by scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy. Corrosion properties were examined by electrochemical potentiodynamic polarization tests. The values of jcorr, Ecorr, Rp, and breakdown potential Ebr were estimated. The oxide layers formed during the HT process corresponded to the composition of the original alloys’ structure. Among the thermal treated alloys, SLM showed the highest corrosion resistance, followed by the MSM and CST. This may be attributed to uniform distribution of alloying elements in homogenous structure and to the reduced porosity, which enhances corrosion resistance and decreases the risk of crevice corrosion. The overall corrosion behavior was strongly influenced by the segregation of alloying elements in the microstructure, thus, is directly determined by the manufacturing method.
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KALELİ N, URAL Ç, KÜÇÜKEKENCİ AS. Lazer Tarama Hızının Lazer Sinterleme ile Üretilen Metal Altyapıların Porselen Bağlantısı Üzerindeki Etkisi. KOCAELI ÜNIVERSITESI SAĞLIK BILIMLERI DERGISI 2020. [DOI: 10.30934/kusbed.636713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Altintas MA, Akin H. Effect of repetitive firing on passive fit of metal substructure produced by the laser sintering in implant-supported fixed prosthesis. J Adv Prosthodont 2020; 12:167-172. [PMID: 32601536 PMCID: PMC7314632 DOI: 10.4047/jap.2020.12.3.167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of the present study was to investigate the passive fit of metal substructure after repetitive firing processes in implant-supposed prosthesis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Five implants (4 mm diameter and 10 mm length) were placed into the resin-based mandibular model and 1-piece of screw-retained metal substructure was produced with the direct metal laser sintering (DMSL) method using Co-Cr compound (n = 10). The distance between the marked points on the multiunit supports and the marginal end of the substructure was measured using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) at each stage (metal, opaque, dentin, and glaze). 15 measurements were taken from each prosthesis, and 150 measurements from 10 samples were obtained. In total, 600 measurements were carried out at 4 stages. One-way ANOVA test was used for statistical evaluation of the data. RESULTS When the obtained marginal range values were examined, differences between groups were found to be statistically significant (P<.001). The lowest values were found in the metal stage (172.4 ± 76.5 µm) and the highest values (238.03 ± 118.92 µm) were determined after glaze application. When the interval values for groups are compared with pairs, the differences between metal with dentin, metal with glaze, opaque with dentin, opaque with glaze, and dentin with glaze were found to be significant (P<.05), whereas the difference between opaque with metal was found to be insignificant (P=.992). CONCLUSION Passive fit of 1-piece designed implant-retained fixed prosthesis that is supported by multiple implants is negatively affected by repetitive firing processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Musa Aykut Altintas
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Hakan Akin
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Sakarya University, Sakarya, Turkey
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Mechanical Properties of CoCr Dental-Prosthesis Restorations Made by Three Manufacturing Processes. Influence of the Microstructure and Topography. METALS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/met10060788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to compare the mechanical properties of three different dental restorations’ manufacturing processes (CADCAM milling, casting and laser sintering) generated by only one laboratory scanner focusing on marginal fit analysis and their mechanical properties. A chrome-cobalt (Cr-Co) alloy from the same batch was used for three different methods to make an implant abutment. This simulates a maxillary right first molar that was fixed in a hemi-maxillary stone model. Five scans were performed by each tested framework. Nine frameworks were manufactured for each manufacture procedure. Field-Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FE-SEM) direct vision was used to marginal gap measurement in five critical points for each specimen. In order to fix the samples in the microscope chamber, the restorations were submitted at a compression load of 50 N. The samples always have the same orientation and conditions. The resolution of the microscope is 4 nm and it is equipped by J image software. The microstructure of the samples was also determined with the FE-SEM equipped with EDS-microanalysis. Roughness parameters were measured using White Light Interferometry (WLI). The arithmetical mean for the Ra and Rq of each sample was calculated. The samples were mechanically characterized by means of microhardness and flexural testing. Servo-hydraulic testing machine was used with cross-head rate of 1 mm/min. Two-way ANOVA statistical analysis was performed to determine whether the marginal discrepancies and mechanical properties were significantly different between each group (significance level p < 0.05). The overall mean marginal gap values were: from 50.53 ± 10.30 µm for the samples produced by CADCAM to 85.76 ± 22.56 µm for the samples produced by the casting method. Laser sintering presents a marginal gap of 60.95 ± 20.66 µm. The results revealed a statistically significant difference (p-value < 0.005) in the mean marginal gap between the CADCAM systems studied. The higher flexure load to fracture for these restorations were for CADCAM restoration and the lower was for the casting samples. For these restorations, CADCAM Restoration yielded a higher flexure load to fracture and Casting ones yielded the lower. Porosity and microstructure play a very important role in the mechanical properties.
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Kaleli N, Ural Ç, Küçükekenci AS. The effect of layer thickness on the porcelain bond strength of laser-sintered metal frameworks. J Prosthet Dent 2019; 122:76-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2018.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Ucar Y, Ekren O. Effect of layered manufacturing techniques, alloy powders, and layer thickness on mechanical properties of Co-Cr dental alloys. J Prosthet Dent 2018; 120:762-770. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2017.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2017] [Revised: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Adaptation and micro-structure of Co-Cr alloy maxillary complete denture base plates fabricated by selective laser melting technique. Lasers Med Sci 2018; 33:1025-1030. [PMID: 29368070 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-018-2438-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of the study was to evaluate the adaptation and micro-structure of Co-Cr alloy maxillary complete denture base plates fabricated by the selective laser melting (SLM) technique. Twenty pairs of edentulous casts were randomly and evenly divided into two groups, and manufacturing of the Co-Cr alloy maxillary complete denture base was conducted either by the SLM technique or by the conventional method. The base-cast sets were transversally sectioned into three sections at the distal canines, mesial of the first molars and the posterior palatal zone. The gap between the metal base and cast was measured in these three sections with a stereoscopic microscope, and the data were analysed using t tests. A total of five specimens of 5 mm diameter were fabricated with the Co-Cr alloy by SLM and the traditional casting technology. A scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to evaluate the differences in microstructure between these specimens. There was no statistical difference between the three sections in all four groups (P > 0.05). At the region of the canines, the clearance value for the SLM Co-Cr alloy group was larger than that of the conventional method group (P < 0.05). At the mesial of the first molar region and the posterior palatal zone, there was no statistical difference between the gaps observed in the two groups (P > 0.05). The SLM Co-Cr alloy has a denser microstructure behaviour and less casting defect than the cast Co-Cr alloy. The SLM technique showed initial feasibility for the manufacture of dental bases of complete dentures, but large sample studies are needed to prove its reliability in clinical applications. The mechanical properties and microstructure of the denture frameworks prepared by selective laser melting indicate that these dentures are appropriate for clinical use.
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Koutsoukis T, Zinelis S, Eliades G, Al-Wazzan K, Rifaiy MA, Al Jabbari YS. Selective Laser Melting Technique of Co-Cr Dental Alloys: A Review of Structure and Properties and Comparative Analysis with Other Available Techniques. J Prosthodont 2017; 24:303-12. [PMID: 26129918 DOI: 10.1111/jopr.12268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to review the effect of selective laser melting (SLM) procedure on the properties of dental structures made of Co-Cr alloys and to evaluate its quality and compare it to those produced by conventional casting and milling fabrication techniques. MATERIALS AND METHODS A computerized database search using PubMed and Scopus was conducted for peer-reviewed scientific research studies regarding the use of SLM in Co-Cr dental alloys with no restrictions for publication years. The search engines provided hundreds of results, and only 48 scientific research papers, case studies, or literature reviews were considered relevant for this review. RESULTS The innovative manufacturing concept of SLM offers many advantages compared with casting and milling fabrication techniques. SLM provides different microstructure from casting and milling with minimal internal porosity and internal fitting, marginal adaptation, and comparable bond strength to porcelain. Mechanical and electrochemical properties of SLM structures are enhanced compared to cast, while clinical longevity of single-metal ceramic crowns is comparable to Au-Pt dental alloy. CONCLUSION The SLM technique provides dental prosthetic restorations more quickly and less expensively without compromising their quality compared with restorations prepared by casting and milling techniques. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE The current SLM devices provide metallic restorations made of Co-Cr alloys for removable and fixed partial dentures without compromising the alloy or restoration properties at a fraction of the time and cost, showing great potential to replace the aforementioned fabrication techniques in the long term; however, further clinical studies are essential to increase the acceptance of this technology by the worldwide dental community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodoros Koutsoukis
- Dental Biomaterials Research and Development Chair, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Spiros Zinelis
- Dental Biomaterials Research and Development Chair, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Biomaterials, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - George Eliades
- Department of Biomaterials, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Khalid Al-Wazzan
- Dental Biomaterials Research and Development Chair, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Al Rifaiy
- Dental Biomaterials Research and Development Chair, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Youssef S Al Jabbari
- Dental Biomaterials Research and Development Chair, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Kaleli N, Saraç D. Comparison of porcelain bond strength of different metal frameworks prepared by using conventional and recently introduced fabrication methods. J Prosthet Dent 2017; 118:76-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2016.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2016] [Revised: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Wang H, Feng Q, Li N, Xu S. Evaluation of metal-ceramic bond characteristics of three dental Co-Cr alloys prepared with different fabrication techniques. J Prosthet Dent 2016; 116:916-923. [PMID: 27460313 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2016.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Revised: 05/29/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Limited information is available regarding the metal-ceramic bond strength of dental Co-Cr alloys fabricated by casting (CAST), computer numerical control (CNC) milling, and selective laser melting (SLM). PURPOSE The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the metal-ceramic bond characteristics of 3 dental Co-Cr alloys fabricated by casting, computer numerical control milling, and selective laser melting techniques using the 3-point bend test (International Organization for Standardization [ISO] standard 9693). MATERIAL AND METHODS Forty-five specimens (25×3×0.5 mm) made of dental Co-Cr alloys were prepared by CAST, CNC milling, and SLM techniques. The morphology of the oxidation surface of metal specimens was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). After porcelain application, the interfacial characterization was evaluated by SEM equipped with energy-dispersive spectrometry (EDS) analysis, and the metal-ceramic bond strength was assessed with the 3-point bend test. Failure type and elemental composition on the debonding interface were assessed by SEM/EDS. The bond strength was statistically analyzed by 1-way ANOVA and Tukey honest significant difference test (α=.05). RESULTS The oxidation surfaces of the CAST, CNC, and SLM groups were different. They were porous in the CAST group but compact and irregular in the CNC and SLM groups. The metal-ceramic interfaces of the SLM and CNC groups showed excellent combination compared with those of the CAST group. The bond strength was 37.7 ±6.5 MPa for CAST, 43.3 ±9.2 MPa for CNC, and 46.8 ±5.1 MPa for the SLM group. Statistically significant differences were found among the 3 groups tested (P=.028). The debonding surfaces of all specimens exhibited cohesive failure mode. CONCLUSIONS The oxidation surface morphologies and thicknesses of dental Co-Cr alloys are dependent on the different fabrication techniques used. The bond strength of all 3 groups exceed the minimum acceptable value of 25 MPa recommended by ISO 9693; hence, dental Co-Cr alloy fabricated with the SLM techniques could be a promising alternative for metal ceramic restorations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Wang
- Graduate student, Department of Prosthodontics, College of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Qing Feng
- Associate Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, College of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.
| | - Ning Li
- Professor, College of Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Sheng Xu
- Associate Professor, Department of Prosthodontics, College of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
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Peixoto RF, Hermanson MP, Pupim D, Rodrigues RCS, Antunes RPA, de Mattos MDGC. Tensile strength of Ni-Cr copings subjected to inner surface sandblasting using different cementing agents: An in vitro study. Acta Odontol Scand 2015; 74:108-14. [PMID: 26028134 DOI: 10.3109/00016357.2015.1050602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effect of thermal cycling and inner surface treatment with aluminum oxide at different granulations on the tensile strength of Ni-Cr copings cemented with different cementing agents. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ninety-six metal copings were manufactured and divided into two groups: before and after thermal cycling (n = 48). The copings of both groups were internally treated by sandblasting with aluminum oxide particles of 100 (n = 24) and 320 (n = 24) mesh. The copings were cemented on previously manufactured metal cores using zinc phosphate (n = 8), conventional glass ionomer (CGIC) (n = 8) and resin-modified glass ionomer (RMGIC) (n = 8) cements. The tensile strength before and after thermal cycling was then determined (Newtons). RESULTS The tensile strength before and after thermal cycling was significantly higher in copings cemented with RMGIC compared to CGIC (p < 0.05) and was similar to that for zinc phosphate (p > 0.05). Thermal cycling and sandblasting of the inner surface of the metal copings with different granulations did not influence retention (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Zinc phosphate cements and RMGIC showed similar retention. Additionally, the retention of the cements was not influenced by either thermal cycling or the particle size of the aluminum oxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raniel Fernandes Peixoto
- a University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto School of Dentistry, Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics , Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marília Pedrão Hermanson
- a University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto School of Dentistry, Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics , Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Denise Pupim
- a University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto School of Dentistry, Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics , Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renata Cristina Silveira Rodrigues
- a University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto School of Dentistry, Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics , Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rossana Pereira Almeida Antunes
- a University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto School of Dentistry, Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics , Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria da Gloria Chiarello de Mattos
- a University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto School of Dentistry, Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics , Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
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Montoya-Salazar V, Castillo-Oyagüe R, Torres-Sánchez C, Lynch CD, Gutiérrez-Pérez JL, Torres-Lagares D. Outcome of single immediate implants placed in post-extraction infected and non-infected sites, restored with cemented crowns: A 3-year prospective study. J Dent 2014; 42:645-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2014.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2013] [Revised: 03/14/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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Al Jabbari Y, Koutsoukis T, Barmpagadaki X, Zinelis S. Metallurgical and interfacial characterization of PFM Co–Cr dental alloys fabricated via casting, milling or selective laser melting. Dent Mater 2014; 30:e79-88. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2014.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2013] [Revised: 09/25/2013] [Accepted: 01/16/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Gómez-Cogolludo P, Castillo-Oyagüe R, Lynch CD, Suárez-García MJ. Effect of electric arc, gas oxygen torch and induction melting techniques on the marginal accuracy of cast base-metal and noble metal-ceramic crowns. J Dent 2013; 41:826-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2013.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2013] [Revised: 06/13/2013] [Accepted: 06/17/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
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Misfit and microleakage of implant-supported crown copings obtained by laser sintering and casting techniques, luted with glass-ionomer, resin cements and acrylic/urethane-based agents. J Dent 2013; 41:90-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2012.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2012] [Revised: 09/20/2012] [Accepted: 09/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Clinical evaluation of the incidence of prosthetic complications in implant crowns constructed with UCLA castable abutments. A cohort follow-up study. J Dent 2012; 40:1081-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2012.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2012] [Revised: 08/31/2012] [Accepted: 09/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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