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Goswami R, Arya RK, Sharma S, Dutta B, Stamov DR, Zhu X, Rahaman SO. Mechanosensing by TRPV4 mediates stiffness-induced foreign body response and giant cell formation. Sci Signal 2021; 14:eabd4077. [PMID: 34726952 PMCID: PMC9976933 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.abd4077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Implantation of biomaterials or devices into soft tissue often leads to the development of the foreign body response (FBR), an inflammatory condition that can cause implant failure, tissue injury, and death of the patient. Macrophages accumulate and fuse to generate destructive foreign body giant cells (FBGCs) at the tissue-implant interface, leading to the development of fibrous scar tissue around the implant that is generated by myofibroblasts. We previously showed that the FBR in vivo and FBGC formation in vitro require transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4), a mechanosensitive ion channel. Here, we report that TRPV4 was required specifically for the FBR induced by implant stiffness independently of biochemical cues and for intracellular stiffening that promotes FBGC formation in vitro. TRPV4 deficiency reduced collagen deposition and the accumulation of macrophages, FBGCs, and myofibroblasts at stiff, but not soft, implants in vivo and inhibited macrophage-induced differentiation of wild-type fibroblasts into myofibroblasts in vitro. Atomic force microscopy demonstrated that TRPV4 was required for implant-adjacent tissue stiffening in vivo and for cytoskeletal remodeling and intracellular stiffening induced by fusogenic cytokines in vitro. Together, these data suggest a mechanism whereby a reciprocal functional interaction between TRPV4 and substrate stiffness leads to cytoskeletal remodeling and cellular force generation to promote FBGC formation during the FBR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishov Goswami
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Rakesh K. Arya
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Shweta Sharma
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Bidisha Dutta
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Dimitar R. Stamov
- JPK BioAFM Business, Nano Surfaces Division, Bruker Nano GmbH, Am Studio 2D, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Xiaoping Zhu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Shaik O. Rahaman
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.,Corresponding author.:
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Nano-Motion Analysis for Rapid and Label Free Assessing of Cancer Cell Sensitivity to Chemotherapeutics. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 57:medicina57050446. [PMID: 34064439 PMCID: PMC8147836 DOI: 10.3390/medicina57050446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Optimization of chemotherapy is crucial for cancer patients. Timely and costly efficient treatments are emerging due to the increasing incidence of cancer worldwide. Here, we present a methodology of nano-motion analysis that could be developed to serve as a screening tool able to determine the best chemotherapy option for a particular patient within hours. Materials and Methods: Three different human cancer cell lines and their multidrug resistant (MDR) counterparts were analyzed with an atomic force microscope (AFM) using tipless cantilevers to adhere the cells and monitor their nano-motions. Results: The cells exposed to doxorubicin (DOX) differentially responded due to their sensitivity to this chemotherapeutic. The death of sensitive cells corresponding to the drop in signal variance occurred in less than 2 h after DOX application, while MDR cells continued to move, even showing an increase in signal variance. Conclusions: Nano-motion sensing can be developed as a screening tool that will allow simple, inexpensive and quick testing of different chemotherapeutics for each cancer patient. Further investigations on patient-derived tumor cells should confirm the method’s applicability.
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In-Situ Investigation on Nanoscopic Biomechanics of Streptococcus mutans at Low pH Citric Acid Environments Using an AFM Fluid Cell. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21249481. [PMID: 33322170 PMCID: PMC7764216 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) is widely regarded as the main cause of human dental caries via three main virulence factors: adhesion, acidogenicity, and aciduricity. Citric acid is one of the antibiotic agents that can inhibit the virulence capabilities of S. mutans. A full understanding of the acidic resistance mechanisms (ARMs) causing bacteria to thrive in citrate transport is still elusive. We propose atomic force microscopy (AFM) equipped with a fluid cell to study the S. mutans ARMs via surface nanomechanical properties at citric acid pH 3.3, 2.3, and 1.8. Among these treatments, at pH 1.8, the effect of the citric acid shock in cells is demonstrated through a significantly low number of high adhesion zones, and a noticeable reduction in adhesion forces. Consequently, this study paves the way to understand that S. mutans ARMs are associated with the variation of the number of adhesion zones on the cell surface, which is influenced by citrate and proton transport. The results are expected to be useful in developing antibiotics or drugs involving citric acid for dental plaque treatment.
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Venturelli L, Kohler AC, Stupar P, Villalba MI, Kalauzi A, Radotic K, Bertacchi M, Dinarelli S, Girasole M, Pešić M, Banković J, Vela ME, Yantorno O, Willaert R, Dietler G, Longo G, Kasas S. A perspective view on the nanomotion detection of living organisms and its features. J Mol Recognit 2020; 33:e2849. [PMID: 32227521 DOI: 10.1002/jmr.2849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The insurgence of newly arising, rapidly developing health threats, such as drug-resistant bacteria and cancers, is one of the most urgent public-health issues of modern times. This menace calls for the development of sensitive and reliable diagnostic tools to monitor the response of single cells to chemical or pharmaceutical stimuli. Recently, it has been demonstrated that all living organisms oscillate at a nanometric scale and that these oscillations stop as soon as the organisms die. These nanometric scale oscillations can be detected by depositing living cells onto a micro-fabricated cantilever and by monitoring its displacements with an atomic force microscope-based electronics. Such devices, named nanomotion sensors, have been employed to determine the resistance profiles of life-threatening bacteria within minutes, to evaluate, among others, the effect of chemicals on yeast, neurons, and cancer cells. The data obtained so far demonstrate the advantages of nanomotion sensing devices in rapidly characterizing microorganism susceptibility to pharmaceutical agents. Here, we review the key aspects of this technique, presenting its major applications. and detailing its working protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Venturelli
- Laboratoire de Physique de la Matière Vivante, Institut de Physique, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Anne-Céline Kohler
- Laboratoire de Physique de la Matière Vivante, Institut de Physique, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Petar Stupar
- Laboratoire de Physique de la Matière Vivante, Institut de Physique, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Maria I Villalba
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Fermentaciones Industriales (CINDEFI-CONICET-CCT La Plata), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Aleksandar Kalauzi
- Institute for Multidisciplinary Research, Department of Life Sciences, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ksenija Radotic
- Institute for Multidisciplinary Research, Department of Life Sciences, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Simone Dinarelli
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche - Istituto di Struttura della Materia, CNR-ISM, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Girasole
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche - Istituto di Struttura della Materia, CNR-ISM, Rome, Italy
| | - Milica Pešić
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković" National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jasna Banković
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković" National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Maria E Vela
- Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA-CONICET-CCT La Plata), Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Osvaldo Yantorno
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Fermentaciones Industriales (CINDEFI-CONICET-CCT La Plata), Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Ronnie Willaert
- ARG VUB-UGent NanoMicrobiology, IJRG VUB-EPFL BioNanotechnology & NanoMedicine, Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.,Department of Bioscience Engineering, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Giovanni Dietler
- Laboratoire de Physique de la Matière Vivante, Institut de Physique, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Giovanni Longo
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche - Istituto di Struttura della Materia, CNR-ISM, Rome, Italy
| | - Sandor Kasas
- Laboratoire de Physique de la Matière Vivante, Institut de Physique, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.,Centre Universitaire Romand de Médecine Légale, UFAM, Université de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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5
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Mustazzolu A, Venturelli L, Dinarelli S, Brown K, Floto RA, Dietler G, Fattorini L, Kasas S, Girasole M, Longo G. A Rapid Unraveling of the Activity and Antibiotic Susceptibility of Mycobacteria. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2019; 63:e02194-18. [PMID: 30602518 PMCID: PMC6395931 DOI: 10.1128/aac.02194-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of antibiotic-resistant bacteria is a worldwide health-related emergency that calls for new tools to study the bacterial metabolism and to obtain fast diagnoses. Indeed, the conventional analysis time scale is too long and affects our ability to fight infections. Slowly growing bacteria represent a bigger challenge, since their analysis may require up to months. Among these bacteria, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of tuberculosis, has caused more than 10 million new cases and 1.7 million deaths in 2016 only. We employed a particularly powerful nanomechanical oscillator, the nanomotion sensor, to characterize rapidly and in real time tuberculous and nontuberculous bacterial species, Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin and Mycobacterium abscessus, respectively, exposed to different antibiotics. Here, we show how high-speed and high-sensitivity detectors, the nanomotion sensors, can provide a rapid and reliable analysis of different mycobacterial species, obtaining qualitative and quantitative information on their responses to different drugs. This is the first application of the technique to tackle the urgent medical issue of mycobacterial infections, evaluating the dynamic response of bacteria to different antimicrobial families and the role of the replication rate in the resulting nanomotion pattern. In addition to a fast analysis, which could massively benefit patients and the overall health care system, we investigated the real-time responses of the bacteria to extract unique information on the bacterial mechanisms triggered in response to antibacterial pressure, with consequences both at the clinical level and at the microbiological level.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - L Venturelli
- LPMV-IPHYS, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - S Dinarelli
- Istituto di Struttura della Materia, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Rome, Italy
| | - K Brown
- Molecular Immunity Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - R A Floto
- Molecular Immunity Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - G Dietler
- LPMV-IPHYS, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - S Kasas
- LPMV-IPHYS, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - M Girasole
- Istituto di Struttura della Materia, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Rome, Italy
| | - G Longo
- Istituto di Struttura della Materia, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Rome, Italy
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6
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Dinarelli S, Girasole M, Longo G. Methods for Atomic Force Microscopy of Biological and Living Specimens. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1814:529-539. [PMID: 29956253 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-8591-3_31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Two main precautions must be taken into account to obtain high-resolution morphological and nanomechanical characterization of biological specimens with an atomic force microscope: the tip-sample interaction and the sample-substrate adhesion. In this chapter we discuss the necessary steps for a correct preparation of three types of biological samples: erythrocytes, bacteria, and osteoblasts. The main goal is to deliver reproducible protocols to produce good cellular adhesion and minimizing the morphological alterations of the specimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Dinarelli
- Istituto di Struttura della Materia ISM - CNR, Via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Girasole
- Istituto di Struttura della Materia ISM - CNR, Via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Longo
- Istituto di Struttura della Materia ISM - CNR, Via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, Rome, Italy.
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Amyloid single-cell cytotoxicity assays by nanomotion detection. Cell Death Discov 2017; 3:17053. [PMID: 28845298 PMCID: PMC5564330 DOI: 10.1038/cddiscovery.2017.53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Revised: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cells are extremely complex systems able to actively modify their metabolism and behavior in response to environmental conditions and stimuli such as pathogenic agents or drugs. The comprehension of these responses is central to understand the molecular bases of human pathologies, including amyloid misfolding diseases. Conventional bulk biological assays are limited by intrinsic cellular heterogeneity in gene, protein and metabolite expression, and can investigate only indirectly cellular reactions in non-physiological conditions. Here we employ a label-free nanomotion sensor to study single neuroblastoma cells exposed to extracellular monomeric and amyloid α-synuclein species in real-time and in physiological conditions. Combining this technique with fluorescence microscopy, we demonstrate multispecies cooperative cytotoxic effect of amyloids and aggregate-induced loss of cellular membrane integrity. Notably, the method can study cellular reactions and cytotoxicity an order of magnitude faster, and using 100-fold smaller volume of reagents when compared to conventional bulk analyses. This rapidity and sensitivity will allow testing novel pharmacological approaches to stop or delay a wide range of human diseases.
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Japaridze A, Muskhelishvili G, Benedetti F, Gavriilidou AFM, Zenobi R, De Los Rios P, Longo G, Dietler G. Hyperplectonemes: A Higher Order Compact and Dynamic DNA Self-Organization. NANO LETTERS 2017; 17:1938-1948. [PMID: 28191853 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b05294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial chromosome has a compact structure that dynamically changes its shape in response to bacterial growth rate and growth phase. Determining how chromatin remains accessible to DNA binding proteins, and transcription machinery is crucial to understand the link between genetic regulation, DNA structure, and topology. Here, we study very large supercoiled dsDNA using high-resolution characterization, theoretical modeling, and molecular dynamics calculations. We unveil a new type of highly ordered DNA organization forming in the presence of attractive DNA-DNA interactions, which we call hyperplectonemes. We demonstrate that their formation depends on DNA size, supercoiling, and bacterial physiology. We compare structural, nanomechanic, and dynamic properties of hyperplectonemes bound by three highly abundant nucleoid-associated proteins (FIS, H-NS, and HU). In all these cases, the negative supercoiling of DNA determines molecular dynamics, modulating their 3D shape. Overall, our findings provide a mechanistic insight into the critical role of DNA topology in genetic regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandre Japaridze
- Laboratory of Physics of Living Matter, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne , 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Georgi Muskhelishvili
- Jacobs University , D-28759 Bremen, Germany
- Agricultural University of Georgia , 0159 Tbilisi, Georgia
| | - Fabrizio Benedetti
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne , 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Vital-IT, SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics , 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Agni F M Gavriilidou
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich , 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Renato Zenobi
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich , 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Paolo De Los Rios
- Vital-IT, SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics , 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Laboratoire de Biophysique Statistique, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne , 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Giovanni Longo
- Laboratory of Physics of Living Matter, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne , 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Istituto di Struttura della Materia, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche , Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Dietler
- Laboratory of Physics of Living Matter, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne , 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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Stupar P, Opota O, Longo G, Prod'hom G, Dietler G, Greub G, Kasas S. Nanomechanical sensor applied to blood culture pellets: a fast approach to determine the antibiotic susceptibility against agents of bloodstream infections. Clin Microbiol Infect 2017; 23:400-405. [PMID: 28062319 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2016.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Revised: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/24/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The management of bloodstream infection, a life-threatening disease, largely relies on early detection of infecting microorganisms and accurate determination of their antibiotic susceptibility to reduce both mortality and morbidity. Recently we developed a new technique based on atomic force microscopy capable of detecting movements of biologic samples at the nanoscale. Such sensor is able to monitor the response of bacteria to antibiotic's pressure, allowing a fast and versatile susceptibility test. Furthermore, rapid preparation of a bacterial pellet from a positive blood culture can improve downstream characterization of the recovered pathogen as a result of the increased bacterial concentration obtained. METHODS Using artificially inoculated blood cultures, we combined these two innovative procedures and validated them in double-blind experiments to determine the susceptibility and resistance of Escherichia coli strains (ATCC 25933 as susceptible and a characterized clinical isolate as resistant strain) towards a selection of antibiotics commonly used in clinical settings. RESULTS On the basis of the variance of the sensor movements, we were able to positively discriminate the resistant from the susceptible E. coli strains in 16 of 17 blindly investigated cases. Furthermore, we defined a variance change threshold of 60% that discriminates susceptible from resistant strains. CONCLUSIONS By combining the nanomotion sensor with the rapid preparation method of blood culture pellets, we obtained an innovative, rapid and relatively accurate method for antibiotic susceptibility test directly from positive blood culture bottles, without the need for bacterial subculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Stupar
- Laboratory of Physics of Living Matter, BSP, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - O Opota
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Lausanne and University Hospital Centre, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - G Longo
- Laboratory of Physics of Living Matter, BSP, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland; Istituto di Struttura della Materia-CNR, Rome, Italy
| | - G Prod'hom
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Lausanne and University Hospital Centre, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - G Dietler
- Laboratory of Physics of Living Matter, BSP, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - G Greub
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Lausanne and University Hospital Centre, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - S Kasas
- Laboratory of Physics of Living Matter, BSP, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland; Plateforme de Morphologie, Université de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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10
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Longo G, Ioannidu CA, Scotto d’Abusco A, Superti F, Misiano C, Zanoni R, Politi L, Mazzola L, Iosi F, Mura F, Scandurra R. Improving Osteoblast Response In Vitro by a Nanostructured Thin Film with Titanium Carbide and Titanium Oxides Clustered around Graphitic Carbon. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0152566. [PMID: 27031101 PMCID: PMC4816526 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0152566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Recently, we introduced a new deposition method, based on Ion Plating Plasma Assisted technology, to coat titanium implants with a thin but hard nanostructured layer composed of titanium carbide and titanium oxides, clustered around graphitic carbon. The nanostructured layer has a double effect: protects the bulk titanium against the harsh conditions of biological tissues and in the same time has a stimulating action on osteoblasts. Results The aim of this work is to describe the biological effects of this layer on osteoblasts cultured in vitro. We demonstrate that the nanostructured layer causes an overexpression of many early genes correlated to proteins involved in bone turnover and an increase in the number of surface receptors for α3β1 integrin, talin, paxillin. Analyses at single-cell level, by scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and single cell force spectroscopy, show how the proliferation, adhesion and spreading of cells cultured on coated titanium samples are higher than on uncoated titanium ones. Finally, the chemistry of the layer induces a better formation of blood clots and a higher number of adhered platelets, compared to the uncoated cases, and these are useful features to improve the speed of implant osseointegration. Conclusion In summary, the nanostructured TiC film, due to its physical and chemical properties, can be used to protect the implants and to improve their acceptance by the bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Longo
- Istituto di Struttura della Materia, CNR, Via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133, Roma, Italy
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, SB IPSB LPMV, BSP 409 (Cubotron UNIL), R.te de la Sorge, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
| | - Caterina Alexandra Ioannidu
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche, Università di Roma ‘La Sapienza’, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Roma, Italy
| | - Anna Scotto d’Abusco
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche, Università di Roma ‘La Sapienza’, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Roma, Italy
| | - Fabiana Superti
- Dipartimento di Tecnologie e Salute, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena, 299, Roma, Italy
| | | | - Robertino Zanoni
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Roma ‘La Sapienza’, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Roma, Italy
| | - Laura Politi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche, Università di Roma ‘La Sapienza’, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Roma, Italy
| | - Luca Mazzola
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche, Università di Roma ‘La Sapienza’, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Roma, Italy
| | - Francesca Iosi
- Dipartimento di Tecnologie e Salute, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena, 299, Roma, Italy
| | - Francesco Mura
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Roma ‘La Sapienza’, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Roma, Italy
| | - Roberto Scandurra
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biochimiche, Università di Roma ‘La Sapienza’, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Roma, Italy
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11
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Dinarelli S, Girasole M, Kasas S, Longo G. Nanotools and molecular techniques to rapidly identify and fight bacterial infections. J Microbiol Methods 2016; 138:72-81. [PMID: 26806415 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2016.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Revised: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Reducing the emergence and spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria is one of the major healthcare issues of our century. In addition to the increased mortality, infections caused by multi-resistant bacteria drastically enhance the healthcare costs, mainly because of the longer duration of illness and treatment. While in the last 20years, bacterial identification has been revolutionized by the introduction of new molecular techniques, the current phenotypic techniques to determine the susceptibilities of common Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria require at least two days from collection of clinical samples. Therefore, there is an urgent need for the development of new technologies to determine rapidly drug susceptibility in bacteria and to achieve faster diagnoses. These techniques would also lead to a better understanding of the mechanisms that lead to the insurgence of the resistance, greatly helping the quest for new antibacterial systems and drugs. In this review, we describe some of the tools most currently used in clinical and microbiological research to study bacteria and to address the challenge of infections. We discuss the most interesting advancements in the molecular susceptibility testing systems, with a particular focus on the many applications of the MALDI-TOF MS system. In the field of the phenotypic characterization protocols, we detail some of the most promising semi-automated commercial systems and we focus on some emerging developments in the field of nanomechanical sensors, which constitute a step towards the development of rapid and affordable point-of-care testing devices and techniques. While there is still no innovative technique that is capable of completely substituting for the conventional protocols and clinical practices, many exciting new experimental setups and tools could constitute the basis of the standard testing package of future microbiological tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Dinarelli
- Istituto di Struttura della Materia, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Rome, Italy
| | - M Girasole
- Istituto di Struttura della Materia, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Rome, Italy
| | - S Kasas
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Laboratoire de Physique de la Matière Vivante, Lausanne, Switzerland; Département des Neurosciences Fondamentales, Université de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - G Longo
- Istituto di Struttura della Materia, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Rome, Italy.
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Aghayee S, Benadiba C, Notz J, Kasas S, Dietler G, Longo G. Combination of fluorescence microscopy and nanomotion detection to characterize bacteria. J Mol Recognit 2014; 26:590-5. [PMID: 24089366 DOI: 10.1002/jmr.2306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2013] [Revised: 07/23/2013] [Accepted: 07/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Antibiotic-resistant pathogens are a major health concern in everyday clinical practice. Because their detection by conventional microbial techniques requires minimally 24 h, some of us have recently introduced a nanomechanical sensor, which can reveal motion at the nanoscale. By monitoring the fluctuations of the sensor, this technique can evidence the presence of bacteria and their susceptibility to antibiotics in less than 1 h. Their amplitude correlates to the metabolism of the bacteria and is a powerful tool to characterize these microorganisms at low densities. This technique is new and calls for an effort to optimize its protocol and determine its limits. Indeed, many questions remain unanswered, such as the detection limits or the correlation between the bacterial distribution on the sensor and the detection's output. In this work, we couple fluorescence microscopy to the nanomotion investigation to determine the optimal experimental protocols and to highlight the effect of the different bacterial distributions on the sensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Aghayee
- Laboratoire de Physique de la Matière Vivante, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
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13
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Alonso-Sarduy L, Longo G, Dietler G, Kasas S. Time-lapse AFM imaging of DNA conformational changes induced by daunorubicin. NANO LETTERS 2013; 13:5679-5684. [PMID: 24125039 DOI: 10.1021/nl403361f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is a major health issue that absorbs the attention of a large part of the biomedical research. Intercalating agents bind to DNA molecules and can inhibit their synthesis and transcription; thus, they are increasingly used as drugs to fight cancer. In this work, we show how atomic force microscopy in liquid can characterize, through time-lapse imaging, the dynamical influence of intercalating agents on the supercoiling of DNA, improving our understanding of the drug's effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livan Alonso-Sarduy
- Laboratoire de Physique de la Matière Vivante, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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14
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regmi R, Mohan K, Mondal PP. Light sheet based imaging flow cytometry on a microfluidic platform. Microsc Res Tech 2013; 76:1101-7. [DOI: 10.1002/jemt.22296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2013] [Revised: 09/07/2013] [Accepted: 09/10/2013] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Raju regmi
- Nanobioimaging Laboratory, Department of Instrumentation and Applied Physics; Indian Institute of Science; Bangalore; 560012; India
| | - Kavya Mohan
- Nanobioimaging Laboratory, Department of Instrumentation and Applied Physics; Indian Institute of Science; Bangalore; 560012; India
| | - Partha P. Mondal
- Nanobioimaging Laboratory, Department of Instrumentation and Applied Physics; Indian Institute of Science; Bangalore; 560012; India
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