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Woodhams DC, McCartney J, Walke JB, Whetstone R. The adaptive microbiome hypothesis and immune interactions in amphibian mucus. DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 145:104690. [PMID: 37001710 PMCID: PMC10249470 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2023.104690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The microbiome is known to provide benefits to hosts, including extension of immune function. Amphibians are a powerful immunological model for examining mucosal defenses because of an accessible epithelial mucosome throughout their developmental trajectory, their responsiveness to experimental treatments, and direct interactions with emerging infectious pathogens. We review amphibian skin mucus components and describe the adaptive microbiome as a novel process of disease resilience where competitive microbial interactions couple with host immune responses to select for functions beneficial to the host. We demonstrate microbiome diversity, specificity of function, and mechanisms for memory characteristic of an adaptive immune response. At a time when industrialization has been linked to losses in microbiota important for host health, applications of microbial therapies such as probiotics may contribute to immunotherapeutics and to conservation efforts for species currently threatened by emerging diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas C Woodhams
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA, 02125, USA.
| | - Julia McCartney
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA, 02125, USA
| | - Jenifer B Walke
- Department of Biology, Eastern Washington University, Cheney, WA, 99004-2440, USA
| | - Ross Whetstone
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA, 02125, USA
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2
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Mastrodonato M, Calamita G, Mentino D, Scillitani G. High-fat Diet Alters the Glycosylation Patterns of Duodenal Mucins in a Murine Model. J Histochem Cytochem 2020; 68:279-294. [PMID: 32141795 DOI: 10.1369/0022155420911930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
High-fat diet (HFD) alters the glycosylation patterns of intestinal mucins leading to several health problems. We studied by histochemical and lectin-binding methods mucin alterations in the duodenum of mice fed a HFD for 25 weeks. Histochemical methods included periodic acid-Schiff, alcian blue pH 2.5, and high-iron diamine. Lectin-binding experiments were performed with SBA, PNA, WGA, MAA-II, SNA, ConA, UEA-I, LTA, and AAA. SBA, PNA, WGA, MAA-II, and SNA were tested also after desulfation and ConA after periodate-sodium borohydrate treatments (paradoxical ConA). Duodenal mucins are secreted by Brunner's glands and goblet cells in the villi. Brunner's glands of HFD mice showed increased secreting activity and a general reduction of glycosylated residuals, such as fucose and terminal α1,4-linked GlcNAc. Moreover, a general reduction of glycosylated residuals in the goblet cells of villi such as the fucosylated and sulfated ones was observed. Since the cited residuals are involved in cytoprotective and cytostatic functions, as well as in interactions with the intestinal microbiota and protection against parasites and inflammatory disorders, we conclude that HFD can predispose duodenum to several possible health disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Giuseppe Calamita
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari "Aldo Moro," Bari, Italy
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3
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Corriero G, Pierri C, Mercurio M, Nonnis Marzano C, Onen Tarantini S, Gravina MF, Lisco S, Moretti M, De Giosa F, Valenzano E, Giangrande A, Mastrodonato M, Longo C, Cardone F. A Mediterranean mesophotic coral reef built by non-symbiotic scleractinians. Sci Rep 2019; 9:3601. [PMID: 30837650 PMCID: PMC6401148 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-40284-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
This is the first description of a Mediterranean mesophotic coral reef. The bioconstruction extended for 2.5 km along the Italian Adriatic coast in the bathymetric range -30/-55 m. It appeared as a framework of coral blocks mostly built by two scleractinians, Phyllangia americana mouchezii (Lacaze-Duthiers, 1897) and Polycyathus muellerae (Abel, 1959), which were able to edify a secondary substrate with high structural complexity. Scleractinian corallites were cemented by calcified polychaete tubes and organized into an interlocking meshwork that provided the reef stiffness. Aggregates of several individuals of the bivalve Neopycnodonte cochlear (Poli, 1795) contributed to the compactness of the structure. The species composition of the benthic community showed a marked similarity with those described for Mediterranean coralligenous communities and it appeared to be dominated by invertebrates, while calcareous algae, which are usually considered the main coralligenous reef-builders, were poorly represented. Overall, the studied reef can be considered a unique environment, to be included in the wide and diversified category of Mediterranean bioconstructions. The main reef-building scleractinians lacked algal symbionts, suggesting that heterotrophy had a major role in the metabolic processes that supported the production of calcium carbonate. The large amount of available suspended organic matter in the area could be the main nutritional source for these species, as already suggested in the literature referred to Mediterranean cold-water corals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Corriero
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Via Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy.,Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Scienze del Mare (CoNISMa), Piazzale Flaminio 9, 00196, Roma, Italy
| | - Cataldo Pierri
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Via Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy. .,Istituto di Ricerca sugli Ecosistemi Terrestri (CNR-IRET), Via Salaria km. 29.300 - 00015 Monterotondo Scalo, Roma, Italy.
| | - Maria Mercurio
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Via Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy.,Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Scienze del Mare (CoNISMa), Piazzale Flaminio 9, 00196, Roma, Italy
| | - Carlotta Nonnis Marzano
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Via Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy.,Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Scienze del Mare (CoNISMa), Piazzale Flaminio 9, 00196, Roma, Italy
| | - Senem Onen Tarantini
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Via Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Flavia Gravina
- Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Scienze del Mare (CoNISMa), Piazzale Flaminio 9, 00196, Roma, Italy.,Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Roma "Tor Vergata", Via della Ricerca Scientifica s.n.c, 00133, Roma, Italy
| | - Stefania Lisco
- Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Scienze del Mare (CoNISMa), Piazzale Flaminio 9, 00196, Roma, Italy.,Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra e Geoambientali, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Via Orabona 4, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Massimo Moretti
- Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Scienze del Mare (CoNISMa), Piazzale Flaminio 9, 00196, Roma, Italy.,Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra e Geoambientali, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Via Orabona 4, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco De Giosa
- Environmental Surveys S.r.l. (ENSU), Via de Gasperi, 74123, Taranto, Italy
| | - Eliana Valenzano
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra e Geoambientali, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Via Orabona 4, 70124, Bari, Italy
| | - Adriana Giangrande
- Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Scienze del Mare (CoNISMa), Piazzale Flaminio 9, 00196, Roma, Italy.,Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche ed Ambientali, Università del Salento. Via Provinciale Lecce-Monteroni, 73100, Lecce, Italy
| | - Maria Mastrodonato
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Via Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Caterina Longo
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Via Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy.,Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Scienze del Mare (CoNISMa), Piazzale Flaminio 9, 00196, Roma, Italy
| | - Frine Cardone
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Via Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy.,Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Scienze del Mare (CoNISMa), Piazzale Flaminio 9, 00196, Roma, Italy
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Carlucci R, Mentino D, Semeraro D, Ricci P, Sion L, Scillitani G. Comparative histochemical analysis of intestinal glycoconjugates in the blunthead pufferfish Sphoeroides pachygaster and grey triggerfish Balistes capriscus (Teleostei: Tetraodontiformes). JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2019; 94:122-131. [PMID: 30628723 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.13871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The localization of intestinal glycoconjugates of the blunthead pufferfish Sphoeroides pachygaster and the grey triggerfish Balistes capriscus from the north-western Ionian Sea was analysed by histochemical methods (PAS, AB pH 2.5, HID) and lectin binding experiments (WGA, LFA, SBA, sialidase-SBA, PNA, sialidase-PNA, ConA, AAA, UEA-I, LTA) to assess how evolutionary loss of a functional stomach in S. pachygaster affects intestinal secretions relative to the B. capriscus, which retains the plesiomorphic gastric condition. Sphoeroides pachygaster had a lower content of acid mucins but more complex sialylation patterns than B. capriscus. GalNAc and GlcNAc residuals were present in both, but GalNAc residuals in S. pachygaster were subterminal to sialic acid. Balistes capriscus lacked galactosylated residuals and its enterocytes had a glycocalyx that differed in composition between the small intestine and the rectum and was missing from S. pachygaster. Functional and ecological implications of these findings are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Carlucci
- Department of Biology, Section of Animal and Environmental Biology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Donatella Mentino
- Department of Biology, Section of Animal and Environmental Biology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Daniela Semeraro
- Department of Biology, Section of Animal and Environmental Biology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Pasquale Ricci
- Department of Biology, Section of Animal and Environmental Biology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Letizia Sion
- Department of Biology, Section of Animal and Environmental Biology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Giovanni Scillitani
- Department of Biology, Section of Animal and Environmental Biology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
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Mentino D, Scillitani G, Marra M, Mastrodonato M. Seasonal changes in the liver of a non-hibernating population of water frogs, Pelophylax kl. esculentus (Anura: Ranidae). EUROPEAN ZOOLOGICAL JOURNAL 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/24750263.2017.1395482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D. Mentino
- Department of Biology, Section of Animal and Environmental Biology, Laboratory of Histology and Comparative Anatomy, University of Bari Aldo Moro , Italy
| | - G. Scillitani
- Department of Biology, Section of Animal and Environmental Biology, Laboratory of Histology and Comparative Anatomy, University of Bari Aldo Moro , Italy
| | - M. Marra
- Department of Biology, Section of Animal and Environmental Biology, Laboratory of Histology and Comparative Anatomy, University of Bari Aldo Moro , Italy
| | - M. Mastrodonato
- Department of Biology, Section of Animal and Environmental Biology, Laboratory of Histology and Comparative Anatomy, University of Bari Aldo Moro , Italy
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Scillitani G, Mentino D, Mastrodonato M. Glycopattern analysis of acidic secretion in the intestine of the red-eared slender turtle; Trachemys scripta elegans (Testudines: Emydidae). Tissue Cell 2017; 49:573-581. [PMID: 28756875 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2017.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Revised: 07/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The secretion of the goblet cells in the intestine of Trachemys scripta elegans was studied in situ by histochemical methods to analyze the diversity of sugar chains, with particular regard to the acidic glycans. Conventional histochemical stains (Periodic acid-Schiff, Alcian Blue pH 2.5, High Iron Diamine) and binding with ten FITC-labelled lectins combined with chemical and enzymatic pre-treatments were used to characterize the oligosaccharidic chains. The intestine can be divided into three regions, i.e. a duodenum, a small intestine and a large intestine. Goblet cells were observed in all the three tracts and presented an acidic secretion. WGA, LFA, PNA and SBA binding was observed only after desulfation. Glycans secreted by the three tracts consist mainly of sulfosialomucins with 1,2-linked fucose, mannosylated, glucosaminylated and subterminal galactosyl/galactosaminylated residuals. Differences among tracts are quantitative rather than qualitative, with sulfated, galactosaminylated and glycosaminylated residuals increasing from duodenum to large intestine, and galactosylated and fucosylated residuals showing an opposite trend. Variation is observed also between apices and bases of villi in both duodenum and small intestine, where sulphation decreases from the base to the apex and glycosylation shows an opposite trend. Functional implication of these findings is discussed in a comparative context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Scillitani
- Department of Biology, Section of Animal and Environmental Biology, Laboratory of Histology and Comparative Anatomy, University of Bari Aldo Moro, via Orabona 4/a, I-0125 Bari, Italy.
| | - Donatella Mentino
- Department of Biology, Section of Animal and Environmental Biology, Laboratory of Histology and Comparative Anatomy, University of Bari Aldo Moro, via Orabona 4/a, I-0125 Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Mastrodonato
- Department of Biology, Section of Animal and Environmental Biology, Laboratory of Histology and Comparative Anatomy, University of Bari Aldo Moro, via Orabona 4/a, I-0125 Bari, Italy
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Scillitani G, Mentino D. Comparative glycopattern analysis of mucins in the Brunner's glands of the guinea-pig and the house mouse (Rodentia). Acta Histochem 2015; 117:612-23. [PMID: 26105998 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2015.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Revised: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 06/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The mucins secreted by the Brunner's glands and the duodenal goblet cells of the Guinea-pig and the house mouse were compared by conventional and FITC-conjugated lectin histochemistry. Methylation/saponification and sialidase digestion were performed prior to lectin binding to detect the residues subterminal to sulfated groups and sialic acid, respectively. In the Guinea-pig the Brunner's glands produce class-III stable sulfosialomucins. Sialic acid is mostly 2,6-linked to galactose or to N-acetylgalactosamine and is in part O-acetylated in C7, C8, and C9. Sulfated groups are probably linked to sialic acid and N-acetylgalactosamine. Terminal residuals of N-acetylglucosamine, galactose, N-acetylgalactosamine and fucose linked in α1,2, α1,3, and α1,4 are also present. Duodenal goblet cells of the Guinea-pig present a lower number of residuals in respect to the Brunner's glandular ones, with sialic acid and N-acetylgalactosamine subterminal to sulfated groups. In the house mouse the Brunner's glands produce class-III stable neutral mucins, binding to same lectins as in the Guinea-pig except for those specific to sialic acid. A diversity of fucosylated residuals higher than in the Guinea-pig is observed. The mouse duodenal goblet cells lack stable class-III mucins, have little sialic acid and present a lower number of residuals in respect to the correspondent Brunner's glands. Regulation of the acidic intestinal microenvironment, prevention of pathologies and hosting of microflora can explain the observed results and the differences observed between the two rodents.
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