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Nujhat S, Leese HS, Di Lorenzo M, Bowen R, Moise S. Advances in screening and diagnostic lab-on-chip tools for gynaecological cancers - a review. ARTIFICIAL CELLS, NANOMEDICINE, AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 51:618-629. [PMID: 37933813 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2023.2274047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Gynaecological cancers are a major global health concern due to the lack of effective screening programmes for ovarian and endometrial cancer, for example, and variable access to vaccination and screening tests for cervical cancer in many countries. Recent research on portable and cost-effective lab-on-a-chip (LoC) technologies show promise for mass screening and diagnostic procedures for gynaecological cancers. However, most LoCs for gynaecological cancer are still in development, with a need to establish and clinically validate factors such as the type of biomarker, sample and method of detection, before patient use. Multiplex approaches, detecting a panel of gynaecological biomarkers in a single LoC, offer potential for more reliable diagnosis. This review highlights the current research on LoCs for gynaecological cancer screening and diagnosis, emphasizing the need for further research and validation prior to their widespread adoption in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadeka Nujhat
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Bath, Bath, UK
- Centre for Bioengineering and Biomedical Technologies (CBio), University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - Hannah S Leese
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Bath, Bath, UK
- Centre for Bioengineering and Biomedical Technologies (CBio), University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - Mirella Di Lorenzo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Bath, Bath, UK
- Centre for Bioengineering and Biomedical Technologies (CBio), University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - Rebecca Bowen
- Royal United Hospitals Bath NHS Foundation Trust, Bath, UK
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - Sandhya Moise
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Bath, Bath, UK
- Centre for Bioengineering and Biomedical Technologies (CBio), University of Bath, Bath, UK
- Centre for Therapeutic Innovation (CTI), University of Bath, Bath, UK
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2
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Advancing Tumor Microenvironment Research by Combining Organs-on-Chips and Biosensors. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1379:171-203. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-04039-9_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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3
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Moreira Teixeira L, Mezzanotte L. New bioimaging avenues for organs‐on‐chips by integration of bioluminescence. VIEW 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/viw.20200177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Liliana Moreira Teixeira
- Department of Developmental Bioengineering Technical Medical Centre University of Twente Enschede The Netherlands
| | - Laura Mezzanotte
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam The Netherlands
- Department of Molecular Genetics Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam The Netherlands
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4
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Guan M, Garabedian MV, Leutenegger M, Schuster BS, Good MC, Hammer DA. Incorporation and Assembly of a Light-Emitting Enzymatic Reaction into Model Protein Condensates. Biochemistry 2021; 60:3137-3151. [PMID: 34648259 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.1c00373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Eukaryotic cells partition enzymes and other cellular components into distinct subcellular compartments to generate specialized biochemical niches. A subclass of these compartments form in the absence of lipid membranes, via liquid-liquid phase separation of proteins to form biomolecular condensates or "membraneless organelles" such as nucleoli, stress granules, and P-bodies. Because of their propensity to form compartments from simple starting materials, membraneless organelles are an attractive target for engineering new functionalities in both living cells and protocells. In this work, we demonstrate incorporation of a novel enzymatic activity in protein coacervates with the light-generating enzyme, NanoLuc, to produce bioluminescence. Using condensates comprised of the disordered RGG domain of Caenorhabditis elegans LAF-1, we functionalized condensates with enzymatic activity in vitro and show that enzyme localization to coacervates enhances assembly and activity of split enzymes. To build condensates that function as light-emitting reactors, we designed a NanoLuc enzyme flanked by RGG domains. The resulting condensates concentrated NanoLuc by 10-fold over bulk solution and displayed significantly increased reaction rates. We further show that condensate viscosity impacts light emission due to diffusion-limited behavior. Because our model condensates have low viscosities, we predict NanoLuc diffusion-limited behavior in most other condensates and thus propose the condensate-Nanoluc system as a potential strategy for high-throughput screening of condensate targeting drugs. By splitting the NanoLuc enzyme into its constituent components, we demonstrate that NanoLuc activity can be reconstituted via co-condensation. In addition, we demonstrate control of the spatial localization of the enzyme within condensates by targettng NanoLuc to the surface of in vitro condensates. Collectively, this work demonstrates that membraneless organelles can be endowed with localized enzymatic activity and that this activity can be spatially and temporally controlled via biochemical reconstitution and design of protein surfactants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muyang Guan
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Mikael V Garabedian
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Marcel Leutenegger
- Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Department of NanoBiophotonics, Am Faßberg 11, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Benjamin S Schuster
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Matthew C Good
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
| | - Daniel A Hammer
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, United States
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5
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Ogoh K, Akiyoshi R, Suzuki H. Cloning and mutagenetic modification of the firefly luciferase gene and its use for bioluminescence microscopy of engrailed expression during Drosophila metamorphosis. Biochem Biophys Rep 2020; 23:100771. [PMID: 32490216 PMCID: PMC7262549 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2020.100771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Bioluminescence microscopy is an area attracting considerable interest in the field of cell biology because it offers several advantages over fluorescence microscopy, including no requirement for excitation light and being phototoxicity free. This method requires brighter luciferase for imaging; however, suitable genetic resource material for this purpose is not available at present. To achieve brighter bioluminescence microscopy, we developed a new firefly luciferase. Using the brighter luciferase, a reporter strain of Drosophila Gal4-UAS (Upstream Activating Sequence) system was constructed. This system demonstrated the expression pattern of engrailed, which is a segment polarity gene, during Drosophila metamorphosis by bioluminescence microscopy, and revealed drastic spatiotemporal change in the engrailed expression pattern during head eversion in the early stage of pupation. Bioluminescence microscopy is an ideal tool for the observation of gene expression pattern in Drosophila development. In the present study, we developed a new brighter firefly luciferase for use in bioluminescence microscopy. The spatiotemporal expression pattern of the engrailed was elucidated during Drosophila metamorphosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsunori Ogoh
- Olympus Corporation, Kuboyama 2-3, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-8512, Japan
| | - Ryutaro Akiyoshi
- Olympus Corporation, Kuboyama 2-3, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-8512, Japan
| | - Hirobumi Suzuki
- Olympus Corporation, Kuboyama 2-3, Hachioji, Tokyo, 192-8512, Japan
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6
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Mikolajewicz N, Komarova SV. Simultaneous Fluorescent Recordings of Extracellular ATP and IntracellularCalcium in Mammalian Cells. Bio Protoc 2019; 9:e3242. [PMID: 33654769 PMCID: PMC7854243 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.3242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular ATP is a potent signaling molecule that stimulates intracellular calcium responses through purinergic (P2) receptors in mammalian cells. While extracellular ATP and intracellular calcium can be measured separately, simultaneous monitoring can offer additional insights into P2 receptor physiology. This protocol takes advantage of the overlapping fluorescence spectra between the ATP-detection substrate luciferin and calcium indicator dye Fura2. Mammalian cells are loaded with Fura2-AM and live-cell recordings are acquired in the presence of a luciferin-luciferase imaging solution. This protocol allows to study stimulus-induced ATP release and directly relate changes in extracellular ATP concentration to observed calcium responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Mikolajewicz
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.,Shriners Hospital for Children-Canada, Montreal, Canada
| | - Svetlana V Komarova
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.,Shriners Hospital for Children-Canada, Montreal, Canada
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7
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Vacher M, Fdez Galván I, Ding BW, Schramm S, Berraud-Pache R, Naumov P, Ferré N, Liu YJ, Navizet I, Roca-Sanjuán D, Baader WJ, Lindh R. Chemi- and Bioluminescence of Cyclic Peroxides. Chem Rev 2018; 118:6927-6974. [PMID: 29493234 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Bioluminescence is a phenomenon that has fascinated mankind for centuries. Today the phenomenon and its sibling, chemiluminescence, have impacted society with a number of useful applications in fields like analytical chemistry and medicine, just to mention two. In this review, a molecular-orbital perspective is adopted to explain the chemistry behind chemiexcitation in both chemi- and bioluminescence. First, the uncatalyzed thermal dissociation of 1,2-dioxetane is presented and analyzed to explain, for example, the preference for triplet excited product states and increased yield with larger nonreactive substituents. The catalyzed fragmentation reaction and related details are then exemplified with substituted 1,2-dioxetanone species. In particular, the preference for singlet excited product states in that case is explained. The review also examines the diversity of specific solutions both in Nature and in artificial systems and the difficulties in identifying the emitting species and unraveling the color modulation process. The related subject of excited-state chemistry without light absorption is finally discussed. The content of this review should be an inspiration to human design of new molecular systems expressing unique light-emitting properties. An appendix describing the state-of-the-art experimental and theoretical methods used to study the phenomena serves as a complement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgane Vacher
- Department of Chemistry-Ångström , Uppsala University , P.O. Box 538, SE-751 21 Uppsala , Sweden
| | - Ignacio Fdez Galván
- Department of Chemistry-Ångström , Uppsala University , P.O. Box 538, SE-751 21 Uppsala , Sweden
| | - Bo-Wen Ding
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry , Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875 , China
| | - Stefan Schramm
- New York University Abu Dhabi , P.O. Box 129188, Abu Dhabi , United Arab Emirates
| | - Romain Berraud-Pache
- Université Paris-Est , Laboratoire Modélisation et Simulation Multi Échelle, MSME, UMR 8208 CNRS, UPEM , 5 bd Descartes , 77454 Marne-la-Vallée , France
| | - Panče Naumov
- New York University Abu Dhabi , P.O. Box 129188, Abu Dhabi , United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Ya-Jun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry , Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100875 , China
| | - Isabelle Navizet
- Université Paris-Est , Laboratoire Modélisation et Simulation Multi Échelle, MSME, UMR 8208 CNRS, UPEM , 5 bd Descartes , 77454 Marne-la-Vallée , France
| | - Daniel Roca-Sanjuán
- Institut de Ciència Molecular , Universitat de València , P.O. Box 22085 , Valencia , Spain
| | - Wilhelm J Baader
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Instituto de Química , Universidade de São Paulo , Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 748 , 05508-000 São Paulo , SP , Brazil
| | - Roland Lindh
- Department of Chemistry-Ångström , Uppsala University , P.O. Box 538, SE-751 21 Uppsala , Sweden.,Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology , Harvard University , 12 Oxford Street , Cambridge , Massachusetts 02138 , United States
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8
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Lin HH, Farkas ME. Altered Circadian Rhythms and Breast Cancer: From the Human to the Molecular Level. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:219. [PMID: 29780357 PMCID: PMC5945923 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Circadian clocks are fundamental, time-tracking systems that allow organisms to adapt to the appropriate time of day and drive many physiological and cellular processes. Altered circadian rhythms can result from night-shift work, chronic jet lag, exposure to bright lights at night, or other conditioning, and have been shown to lead to increased likelihood of cancer, metabolic and cardiovascular diseases, and immune dysregulation. In cases of cancer, worse patient prognoses and drug resistance during treatment have also been observed. Breast, colon, prostate, lung, and ovarian cancers and hepatocellular carcinoma have all been linked in one way or another with altered circadian rhythms. Critical elements at the molecular level of the circadian system have been associated with cancer, but there have been fairly few studies in this regard. In this mini-review, we specifically focus on the role of altered circadian rhythms in breast cancer, providing an overview of studies performed at the epidemiological level through assessments made in animal and cellular models of the disease. We also address the disparities present among studies that take into account the rhythmicity of core clock and other proteins, and those which do not, and offer insights to the use of small molecules for studying the connections between circadian rhythms and cancer. This article will provide the reader with a concise, but thorough account of the research landscape as it pertains to altered circadian rhythms and breast cancer.
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Goda K, Takahashi T, Suzuki H. Combining Fluorescence and Bioluminescence Microscopy to Study the Series of Events from Cellular Signal Transduction to Gene Expression. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 77:4.35.1-4.35.16. [PMID: 29227555 DOI: 10.1002/cpcb.35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The molecular interactions and translocation of signal transduction factors in individual cells can be imaged by fluorescence microscopy. Alternatively, downstream promoter activity in single cells can be imaged by bioluminescence microscopy. However, the same stimuli can lead to different gene expression responses in individual cells. For this reason, it is desirable to simultaneously image signal transduction and gene expression events in the same cells. Here, we describe a method that combines fluorescence and bioluminescence microscopy to image protein kinase C (PKC) translocation from the cytosol to the plasma membrane and the expression of nuclear factor kappa-light polypeptide B (NF-κB)-regulated genes. © 2017 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhito Goda
- Evaluation Technology Department 1, Olympus Corporation, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeo Takahashi
- Evaluation Technology Department 1, Olympus Corporation, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirobumi Suzuki
- Evaluation Technology Department 1, Olympus Corporation, Tokyo, Japan
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Kim TJ, Türkcan S, Pratx G. Modular low-light microscope for imaging cellular bioluminescence and radioluminescence. Nat Protoc 2017; 12:1055-1076. [PMID: 28426025 DOI: 10.1038/nprot.2017.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Low-light microscopy methods are receiving increased attention as new applications have emerged. One such application is to allow longitudinal imaging of light-sensitive cells with no phototoxicity and no photobleaching of fluorescent biomarkers. Another application is for imaging signals that are inherently dim and undetectable using standard microscopy techniques, such as bioluminescence, chemiluminescence or radioluminescence. In this protocol, we provide instructions on how to build a modular low-light microscope (1-4 d) by coupling two microscope objective lenses, back to back from each other, using standard optomechanical components. We also provide directions on how to image dim signals such as those of radioluminescence (1-1.5 h), bioluminescence (∼30 min) and low-excitation fluorescence (∼15 min). In particular, radioluminescence microscopy is explained in detail, as it is a newly developed technique that enables the study of small-molecule transport (e.g., radiolabeled drugs, metabolic precursors and nuclear medicine contrast agents) by single cells without perturbing endogenous biochemical processes. In this imaging technique, a scintillator crystal (e.g., CdWO4) is placed in close proximity to the radiolabeled cells, where it converts the radioactive decays into optical flashes detectable using a sensitive camera. Using the image reconstruction toolkit provided in this protocol, the flashes can be reconstructed to yield high-resolution images of the radiotracer distribution. With appropriate timing, the three aforementioned imaging modalities may be performed together on a population of live cells, allowing the user to perform parallel functional studies of cell heterogeneity at the single-cell level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Jin Kim
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Division of Medical Physics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Silvan Türkcan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Division of Medical Physics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Guillem Pratx
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Division of Medical Physics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA
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Shigeto H, Nakatsuka K, Ikeda T, Hirota R, Kuroda A, Funabashi H. Continuous Monitoring of Specific mRNA Expression Responses with a Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer-Based DNA Nano-tweezer Technique That Does Not Require Gene Recombination. Anal Chem 2016; 88:7894-8. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b02710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hajime Shigeto
- Institute
for Sustainable Sciences and Development, Hiroshima University, Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8511, Japan
- Department
of Molecular Biotechnology, Graduate School of Advanced Sciences of
Matter, Hiroshima University, Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8530, Japan
| | - Keisuke Nakatsuka
- Department
of Molecular Biotechnology, Graduate School of Advanced Sciences of
Matter, Hiroshima University, Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8530, Japan
| | - Takeshi Ikeda
- Department
of Molecular Biotechnology, Graduate School of Advanced Sciences of
Matter, Hiroshima University, Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8530, Japan
| | - Ryuichi Hirota
- Department
of Molecular Biotechnology, Graduate School of Advanced Sciences of
Matter, Hiroshima University, Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8530, Japan
| | - Akio Kuroda
- Department
of Molecular Biotechnology, Graduate School of Advanced Sciences of
Matter, Hiroshima University, Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8530, Japan
| | - Hisakage Funabashi
- Institute
for Sustainable Sciences and Development, Hiroshima University, Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8511, Japan
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Kim TJ, Tuerkcan S, Ceballos A, Pratx G. Modular platform for low-light microscopy. BIOMEDICAL OPTICS EXPRESS 2015; 6:4585-4598. [PMID: 26601020 PMCID: PMC4646564 DOI: 10.1364/boe.6.004585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Revised: 10/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Cell imaging using low-light techniques such as bioluminescence, radioluminescence, and low-excitation fluorescence has received increased attention, particularly due to broad commercialization of highly sensitive detectors. However, the dim signals are still regarded as difficult to image using conventional microscopes, where the only low-light microscope in the market is primarily optimized for bioluminescence imaging. Here, we developed a novel modular microscope that is cost-effective and suitable for imaging different low-light luminescence modes. Results show that this microscope system features excellent aberration correction capabilities and enhanced image resolution, where bioluminescence, radioluminescence and epifluorescence images were captured and compared with the commercial bioluminescence microscope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Jin Kim
- Department of Radiation Oncology (Medical Physics), Stanford University, 1050 Arastradero Rd., Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Silvan Tuerkcan
- Department of Radiation Oncology (Medical Physics), Stanford University, 1050 Arastradero Rd., Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Andrew Ceballos
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, 350 Serra Mall, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Guillem Pratx
- Department of Radiation Oncology (Medical Physics), Stanford University, 1050 Arastradero Rd., Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
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