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Mujica LKS, dos Santos Amaral C, Valente FS, Miyazato LG, Macari S, da Silva TA, Barrioni BR, Carlos BL, Silva GJA, Shimano AC, Antoniazzi AQ, Premaor MO, Comim FV. Bone strength is reduced in a neonatal androgenized rat model. Bone Rep 2023; 19:101710. [PMID: 37637757 PMCID: PMC10458295 DOI: 10.1016/j.bonr.2023.101710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Whether polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) affects bone health during a woman's lifespan remains controversial. An androgenized rodent model replicated many metabolic and reproductive features of women with PCOS, and we aimed to use it to investigate the impact of androgens on microarchitecture (by micro-CT), bone mechanical strength, bone formation and resorption markers in rats with intact ovaries (SHAM) who underwent oophorectomy. Methods Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus albinus) were employed for the experiments in this study. The protocol of androgenization consisted of the application of 1.25 mg s.c. testosterone propionate beteween days 2-5 of life, while the controls received the same amount of corn oil s.c. as previously established. Androgenized SHAM rats exhibited chronic anovulation identified by vaginal cytology and a reduction in the proportion of corpus luteum in the ovary in comparison to control SHAM rats. The realization of the ovariectomy or SHAM procedure occurred on Day 100 of life. All groups (n = 8) were followed-up for 180 days to address the study endpoints. Results Micro-CT from androgenized female rats (SHAM) showed a divergence between the trabecular and cortical bone profiles. Compared to SHAM controls, these rats had an increase in trabecular bone mass with a diminution in bone resorption C-terminal telopeptide of type 1 collagen (CTX) (p < 0.05), a concomitant decrease in cortical area and thickness in the femur, and a reduction in the strength of the femur on the mechanical test (p < 0.01). Conclusions Our results suggest that a reduction in the cortical thickness and cortical area observed in PCOS model rats was associated with a reduced strength of the femur, despite increased trabecular formation. Ovariectomy in the androgenized OVX group limited the progression rate of cortical bone loss, resulting in bone resistance and cortical thickness comparable to those observed in the control OVX group.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carolina dos Santos Amaral
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Animal Reproduction - BioRep, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Brazil
| | | | - Ligia Gomes Miyazato
- Animal Care Facility, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Soraia Macari
- Department of Oral Pathology and Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Tarcília Aparecida da Silva
- Department of Oral Pathology and Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Breno Rocha Barrioni
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte (UFMG), Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Bruna Leonel Carlos
- Department of Biomechanics, Medicine and Locomotor Apparatus Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Jafroni Alves Silva
- Department of Biomechanics, Medicine and Locomotor Apparatus Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Antônio Carlos Shimano
- Department of Biomechanics, Medicine and Locomotor Apparatus Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alfredo Quites Antoniazzi
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Animal Reproduction - BioRep, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Melissa Orlandin Premaor
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Fabio Vasconcellos Comim
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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Li H, Gou Y, Tian F, Lian Q, Hu Y, Zhang L. The combined anti-osteoporotic effects of simvastatin and exercise in ovariectomized mice fed a high-fat diet. Exp Gerontol 2022; 164:111794. [PMID: 35421557 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2022.111794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To evaluate and compare the effects of the combined intervention of simvastatin and exercise on the bone degeneration in a mice model of osteoporosis (OP) induced by obesity and estrogen deficiency. METHODS 56 female 3-month-old C57BL/6 mice were given a standard diet or a high-fat diet after ovariectomy (OVX) or sham surgery. Drug administration and exercise training were initiated 72 h after surgical operation, which were treated with simvastatin (10 mg/kg/day) or exercise (15 m/min for 30 min/day) or combined with simvastatin and exercise at 72 h for 8 weeks. The pathology of OP was assessed by histomorphology analyses, immunohistochemistry (IHC), micro-computed tomography (Micro-CT), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and cell culture. RESULTS The coexistence of obesity and estrogen deficiency significantly further exacerbated OP pathology, and combined intervention showed a better significant anti-osteoporosis effect than monotherapy. In details, simvastatin combined with exercise ameliorated the abnormal bone mass, microstructure and bone marrow adipocyte differentiation, significantly increased osteoprotegerin (OPG), type 1 collagen (Col-I), RUNX2 and osteocalcin (OCN) expression, decreased the expression of receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappaB ligand (RANKL) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ). Furthermore, combined intervention markedly improved abnormal metabolic status, reduced the levels of serum glucose, insulin, triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), leptin, CTX-1 and IL-1β, and increased the level of OCN. CONCLUSIONS The coexistence of obesity and estrogen deficiency further aggravates bone tissue degeneration and abnormal metabolic pathology, which could be better inhibited by the combination with simvastatin and exercise instead of single intervention, suggesting that combined intervention may be a potential candidate for amelioration of the progression of OP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hetong Li
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, PR China
| | - Yu Gou
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Tianjin Hospital, Tianjin University, Tianjin, PR China
| | - Faming Tian
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei, PR China
| | - Qiangqiang Lian
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, Hebei, PR China
| | - Yunpeng Hu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, PR China
| | - Liu Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, PR China.
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Abstract
Doxycycline, a member of the tetracycline family, is a drug used as an antibiotic (dosage of 100 mg/day) and as an anti-inflammatory drug on the dosage of 20 mg twice a day, this use has Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMP) inhibitor action. Doxycycline is a calcium chelator and therefore interferes in bone remodeling. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the action of the drug doxycycline in the control of osteopenia. Sixty three Wistars rats were divided into 9 groups with n = 7 each, as follow: the control group with doxycycline 10 mg/kg/day (C10), control with doxycycline 30 mg/kg/day (C30) and control (C), ovariectomized group with doxycycline 10 mg/kg/day (OVX10), ovariectomized with doxycycline 30 mg/kg/day (OVX30), and ovariectomized with water (OVX), sedentary group with 10 mg/kg/day (Se10), sedentary with doxycycline 30 mg/kg/day (Se30), and sedentary group with water (Se). Left femoral bone was used for bone densitometry, right femoral bone for histological analysis. The right tibia was intended for chemical quantifications, the total serum was used for cholesterol and calcium quantification. The length of the left femoral bone was measured after the densitometry analysis. Statistical analysis was performed using multivariate general linear model (ANOVA two factors with Bonferroni adjustment) and the TRAP analysis was subjected to normality test and then were subjected to nonparametric test, both with p < 0.05 significance. Statistically significant differences were found, with better results for the groups exposed to the medication (10 and 30 mg/kg/day): Se vs. Se10 and Se vs. Se30 for BMC, quantification of magnesium, amount of cancellous bone in the distal portion; OVX vs. OVX10 for BMC, BMD and calcium in serum; OVX vs. OVX10 and OVX30 for quantification in proximal and distal portion of cancellous bone; Se vs. Se30 and OVX vs. OVX30 for immunostaining for TRAP, all results with minimum of p ≤ 0.05. Doxycycline had a deleterious effect on control groups and positive action for bone organization on female rats affected by bilateral ovariectomy-induced osteopenia and sedentary lifestyle.
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Swerts AA, Santos BFE, Bruzadelli SR, Brigagão MRPL, Lima DCD, Fernandes LA. Treatment of experimental periodontal disease by laser therapy in simvastatin-modified rats. J Appl Oral Sci 2017; 25:387-395. [PMID: 28877277 PMCID: PMC5595111 DOI: 10.1590/1678-7757-2016-0467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Low intensity laser can be used as a promising alternative in the treatment of periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andressa Araújo Swerts
- Universidade Federal de Alfenas, Faculdade de Odontologia, Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia, Alfenas, MG, Brasil
| | | | - Simone Ribeiro Bruzadelli
- Universidade Federal de Alfenas, Faculdade de Odontologia, Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia, Alfenas, MG, Brasil
| | | | - Daniela Coelho de Lima
- Universidade Federal de Alfenas, Faculdade de Odontologia, Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia, Alfenas, MG, Brasil
| | - Leandro Araújo Fernandes
- Universidade Federal de Alfenas, Faculdade de Odontologia, Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia, Alfenas, MG, Brasil
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Okubo R, Sanada LS, Castania VA, Louzada MJQ, de Paula FJA, Maffulli N, Shimano AC. Jumping exercise preserves bone mineral density and mechanical properties in osteopenic ovariectomized rats even following established osteopenia. Osteoporos Int 2017; 28:1461-1471. [PMID: 28124728 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-017-3905-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/02/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The effects of jump training on bone structure before and after ovariectomy-induced osteopenia in rats were investigated. Jumping exercise induced favorable changes in bone mineral density, bone mechanical properties, and bone formation/resorption markers. This exercise is effective to prevent bone loss after ovariectomy even when osteopenia is already established. INTRODUCTION The present study investigated the effects of jump training on bone structure before and after ovariectomy-induced osteopenia in 80 10-week-old Wistar rats. METHODS Forty rats (prevention program) were randomly allocated to one of four equal groups (n = 10): sham-operated sedentary (SHAM-SEDp), ovariectomized (OVX) sedentary (OVX-SEDp), sham-operated exercised (SHAM-EXp), and OVX exercised (OVX-EXp). SHAM-EXp and OVX-EXp animals began training 3 days after surgery. Another 40 rats (treatment program) were randomly allocated into another four groups (n = 10): sham-operated sedentary (SHAM-SEDt), OVX sedentary (OVX-SEDt), sham-operated exercised (SHAM-EXt), and OVX exercised (OVX-EXt). SHAM-EXt and OVX-EXt animals began training 60 days after surgery. The rats in the exercised groups jumped 20 times/day, 5 days/week, to a height of 40 cm for 12 weeks. At the end of the experimental period, serum osteocalcin, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) dosage, dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), histomorphometry, and biomechanical tests were analyzed. RESULTS The OVX groups showed higher values of FSH and body weight (p < 0.05). DXA showed that jump training significantly increased bone mineral density of the femur and fifth lumbar vertebra (p < 0.05). The stiffness of the left femur and fifth lumbar vertebra in the exercised groups was greater than that of the sedentary groups (p < 0.05). Ovariectomy induced significant difference in bone volume (BV/TV, percent), trabecular separation (Tb.Sp, micrometer), and trabecular number (Tb.N, per millimeter) (p < 0.05) compared to sham operation. Jump training in the OVX group induced significant differences in BV/TV, Tb.Sp, and Tb.N and decreased osteoblast number per bone perimeter (p < 0.05) compared with OVX nontraining, in the prevention groups. Osteocalcin dosage showed higher values in the exercised groups (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Jumping exercise induced favorable changes in bone mineral density, bone mechanical properties, and bone formation/resorption markers. Jump training is effective to prevent bone loss after ovariectomy even when osteopenia is already established.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Okubo
- Department of Physiotherapy, Santa Catarina State University, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil.
| | - L S Sanada
- Department of Physiotherapy, Santa Catarina State University, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - V A Castania
- Department of Biomechanics, Medicine and Rehabilitation of Locomotor Apparatus, School of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, 3900 Bandeirantes Avenue, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M J Q Louzada
- Department of Animal Support, Production and Health, School of Veterinary Medicine, Sao Paulo State University, Araçatuba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - F J A de Paula
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - N Maffulli
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Department of Musculoskeletal Disorders, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
- Centre for Sports and Exercise Medicine, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Mile End Hospital, 275 Bancroft Road, London, England, E1 4DG, UK
| | - A C Shimano
- Department of Biomechanics, Medicine and Rehabilitation of Locomotor Apparatus, School of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, 3900 Bandeirantes Avenue, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
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Chin KY, Abdul-Majeed S, Mohamed N, Ima-Nirwana S. The Effects of Tocotrienol and Lovastatin Co-Supplementation on Bone Dynamic Histomorphometry and Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 Expression in Rats with Estrogen Deficiency. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9020143. [PMID: 28212283 PMCID: PMC5331574 DOI: 10.3390/nu9020143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Revised: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Both tocotrienol and statins are suppressors of the mevalonate pathway. Supplementation of tocotrienol among statin users could potentially protect them against osteoporosis. This study aimed to compare the effects of tocotrienol and lovastatin co-supplementation with individual treatments on bone dynamic histomorphometric indices and bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) gene expression in ovariectomized rats. Forty-eight female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized equally into six groups. The baseline was sacrificed upon receipt. All other groups were ovariectomized, except for the sham group. The ovariectomized groups were administered orally daily with (1) lovastatin 11 mg/kg/day alone; (2) tocotrienol derived from annatto bean (annatto tocotrienol) 60 mg/kg/day alone; (3) lovastatin 11 mg/kg/day, and annatto tocotrienol 60 mg/kg/day. The sham and ovariectomized control groups were treated with equal volume of vehicle. After eight weeks of treatment, the rats were sacrificed. Their bones were harvested for bone dynamic histomorphometry and BMP-2 gene expression. Rats supplemented with annatto tocotrienol and lovastatin concurrently demonstrated significantly lower single-labeled surface, but increased double-labeled surface, mineralizing surface, mineral apposition rate and bone formation rate compared to individual treatments (p < 0.05). There was a parallel increase in BMP-2 gene expression in the rats receiving combined treatment (p < 0.05). The combination of annatto tocotrienol and lovastatin exerted either additively or synergistically on selected bone parameters. In conclusion, tocotrienol can augment the bone formation and mineralization in rats receiving low-dose statins. Supplementation of tocotrienol in statin users can potentially protect them from osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kok-Yong Chin
- Department of Pharmacology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Cheras 56000, Malaysia.
| | - Saif Abdul-Majeed
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Pennsylvania, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Norazlina Mohamed
- Department of Pharmacology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Cheras 56000, Malaysia.
| | - Soelaiman Ima-Nirwana
- Department of Pharmacology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Cheras 56000, Malaysia.
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