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Buswinka CJ, Osgood RT, Simikyan RG, Rosenberg DB, Indzhykulian AA. The hair cell analysis toolbox is a precise and fully automated pipeline for whole cochlea hair cell quantification. PLoS Biol 2023; 21:e3002041. [PMID: 36947567 PMCID: PMC10069775 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Our sense of hearing is mediated by sensory hair cells, precisely arranged and highly specialized cells subdivided into outer hair cells (OHCs) and inner hair cells (IHCs). Light microscopy tools allow for imaging of auditory hair cells along the full length of the cochlea, often yielding more data than feasible to manually analyze. Currently, there are no widely applicable tools for fast, unsupervised, unbiased, and comprehensive image analysis of auditory hair cells that work well either with imaging datasets containing an entire cochlea or smaller sampled regions. Here, we present a highly accurate machine learning-based hair cell analysis toolbox (HCAT) for the comprehensive analysis of whole cochleae (or smaller regions of interest) across light microscopy imaging modalities and species. The HCAT is a software that automates common image analysis tasks such as counting hair cells, classifying them by subtype (IHCs versus OHCs), determining their best frequency based on their location along the cochlea, and generating cochleograms. These automated tools remove a considerable barrier in cochlear image analysis, allowing for faster, unbiased, and more comprehensive data analysis practices. Furthermore, HCAT can serve as a template for deep learning-based detection tasks in other types of biological tissue: With some training data, HCAT's core codebase can be trained to develop a custom deep learning detection model for any object on an image.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Buswinka
- Mass Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Speech and Hearing Bioscience and Technology Program, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Richard T Osgood
- Mass Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Rubina G Simikyan
- Mass Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - David B Rosenberg
- Mass Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Artur A Indzhykulian
- Mass Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Speech and Hearing Bioscience and Technology Program, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
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Waissbluth S, Maass JC, Sanchez HA, Martínez AD. Supporting Cells and Their Potential Roles in Cisplatin-Induced Ototoxicity. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:867034. [PMID: 35573297 PMCID: PMC9104564 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.867034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin is a known ototoxic chemotherapy drug, causing irreversible hearing loss. Evidence has shown that cisplatin causes inner ear damage as a result of adduct formation, a proinflammatory environment and the generation of reactive oxygen species within the inner ear. The main cochlear targets for cisplatin are commonly known to be the outer hair cells, the stria vascularis and the spiral ganglion neurons. Further evidence has shown that certain transporters can mediate cisplatin influx into the inner ear cells including organic cation transporter 2 (OCT2) and the copper transporter Ctr1. However, the expression profiles for these transporters within inner ear cells are not consistent in the literature, and expression of OCT2 and Ctr1 has also been observed in supporting cells. Organ of Corti supporting cells are essential for hair cell activity and survival. Special interest has been devoted to gap junction expression by these cells as certain mutations have been linked to hearing loss. Interestingly, cisplatin appears to affect connexin expression in the inner ear. While investigations regarding cisplatin-induced hearing loss have been focused mainly on the known targets previously mentioned, the role of supporting cells for cisplatin-induced ototoxicity has been overlooked. In this mini review, we discuss the implications of supporting cells expressing OCT2 and Ctr1 as well as the potential role of gap junctions in cisplatin-induced cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Waissbluth
- Department of Otolaryngology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- *Correspondence: Sofia Waissbluth, ;
| | - Juan Cristóbal Maass
- Department of Otolaryngology, Hospital Clínico de la Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Helmuth A. Sanchez
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Neurociencia, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Agustín D. Martínez
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Facultad de Ciencias, Instituto de Neurociencia, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
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Wang S, Geng Q, Huo L, Ma Y, Gao Y, Zhang W, Zhang H, Lv P, Jia Z. Transient Receptor Potential Cation Channel Subfamily Vanilloid 4 and 3 in the Inner Ear Protect Hearing in Mice. Front Mol Neurosci 2019; 12:296. [PMID: 31866822 PMCID: PMC6904345 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2019.00296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The transient receptor potential cation channel, vanilloid type (TRPV) 3, is a member of the TRPV subfamily that is expressed predominantly in the skin, hair follicles, and gastrointestinal tract. It is also distributed in the organ of Corti of the inner ear and colocalizes with TRPV1 or TRPV4, but its role in auditory function is unknown. In the present study, we demonstrate that TRPV3 is expressed in inner hair cells (HCs) but mainly in cochlear outer HCs in mice, with expression limited to the cytoplasm and not detected in stereocilia. We compared the number of HCs as well as distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAE) and auditory brainstem response (ABR) thresholds between TRPV3 knockout (V3KO) and wild-type (V3WT) mice and found that although most mutants (72.3%) had normal hearing, a significant proportion (27.7%) showed impaired hearing associated with loss of cochlear HCs. Compensatory upregulation of TRPV4 in HCs prevented HC damage and kanamycin-induced hearing loss and preserved normal auditory function in most of these mice. Thus, TRPV4 and TRPV3 in cochlear HCs protect hearing in mice; moreover, the results suggest some functional redundancy in the functions of TRPV family members. Our findings provide novel insight into the molecular basis of auditory function in mammals that can be applied to the development of strategies to mitigate hearing loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengnan Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.,Center for Innovative Drug Research and Evaluation, Institute of Medical Science and Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.,The Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education, Shijiazhuang, China.,The Key Laboratory of New Drug Pharmacology and Toxicology, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Qiaowei Geng
- Department of Pharmacology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.,Center for Innovative Drug Research and Evaluation, Institute of Medical Science and Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.,The Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education, Shijiazhuang, China.,The Key Laboratory of New Drug Pharmacology and Toxicology, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Lifang Huo
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Chinese Integrative Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.,Center for Innovative Drug Research and Evaluation, Institute of Medical Science and Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.,The Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yirui Ma
- Department of Pharmacology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.,Center for Innovative Drug Research and Evaluation, Institute of Medical Science and Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.,The Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education, Shijiazhuang, China.,The Key Laboratory of New Drug Pharmacology and Toxicology, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yiting Gao
- Department of Pharmacology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.,Center for Innovative Drug Research and Evaluation, Institute of Medical Science and Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.,The Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education, Shijiazhuang, China.,The Key Laboratory of New Drug Pharmacology and Toxicology, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Chinese Integrative Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.,Center for Innovative Drug Research and Evaluation, Institute of Medical Science and Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.,The Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Hailin Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.,Center for Innovative Drug Research and Evaluation, Institute of Medical Science and Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.,The Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education, Shijiazhuang, China.,The Key Laboratory of New Drug Pharmacology and Toxicology, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Ping Lv
- Department of Pharmacology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.,Center for Innovative Drug Research and Evaluation, Institute of Medical Science and Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.,The Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education, Shijiazhuang, China.,The Key Laboratory of New Drug Pharmacology and Toxicology, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Zhanfeng Jia
- Department of Pharmacology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.,Center for Innovative Drug Research and Evaluation, Institute of Medical Science and Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.,The Key Laboratory of Neural and Vascular Biology, Ministry of Education, Shijiazhuang, China.,The Key Laboratory of New Drug Pharmacology and Toxicology, Shijiazhuang, China
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Crumling MA, King KA, Duncan RK. Cyclodextrins and Iatrogenic Hearing Loss: New Drugs with Significant Risk. Front Cell Neurosci 2017; 11:355. [PMID: 29163061 PMCID: PMC5676048 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2017.00355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclodextrins are a family of cyclic oligosaccharides with widespread usage in medicine, industry and basic sciences owing to their ability to solubilize and stabilize guest compounds. In medicine, cyclodextrins primarily act as a complexing vehicle and consequently serve as powerful drug delivery agents. Recently, uncomplexed cyclodextrins have emerged as potent therapeutic compounds in their own right, based on their ability to sequester and mobilize cellular lipids. In particular, 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPβCD) has garnered attention because of its cholesterol chelating properties, which appear to treat a rare neurodegenerative disorder and to promote atherosclerosis regression related to stroke and heart disease. Despite the potential health benefits, use of HPβCD has been linked to significant hearing loss in several species, including humans. Evidence in mice supports a rapid onset of hearing loss that is dose-dependent. Ototoxicity can occur following central or peripheral drug delivery, with either route resulting in the preferential loss of cochlear outer hair cells (OHCs) within hours of dosing. Inner hair cells and spiral ganglion cells are spared at doses that cause ~85% OHC loss; additionally, no other major organ systems appear adversely affected. Evidence from a first-to-human phase 1 clinical trial mirrors animal studies to a large extent, indicating rapid onset and involvement of OHCs. All patients in the trial experienced some permanent hearing loss, although a temporary loss of function can be observed acutely following drug delivery. The long-term impact of HPβCD use as a maintenance drug, and the mechanism(s) of ototoxicity, are unknown. β-cyclodextrins preferentially target membrane cholesterol, but other lipid species and proteins may be directly or indirectly involved. Moreover, as cholesterol is ubiquitous in cell membranes, it remains unclear why OHCs are preferentially susceptible to HPβCD. It is possible that HPβCD acts upon several targets—for example, ion channels, tight junctions (TJ), membrane integrity, and bioenergetics—that collectively increase the sensitivity of OHCs over other cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Crumling
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Kresge Hearing Research Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Kelly A King
- Audiology Unit, Otolaryngology Branch, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - R Keith Duncan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Kresge Hearing Research Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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