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Lu W, Han Z, Liu Q, Wang K, Liu Q, Song X. Development of Flowers Buds and Mixed Buds in the Dichasial Inflorescence of Geranium koreanum Kom. (Geraniaceae). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3178. [PMID: 37765342 PMCID: PMC10534307 DOI: 10.3390/plants12183178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Flower bud differentiation is of great significance for understanding plant evolution and ecological adaptability. The development of flower buds and mixed buds in the dichasial inflorescence of Geranium koreanum was described in this paper. The morphogenesis, surface structure, and organ morphology at different growth stages of G. koreanum buds were examined in detail using scanning electron microscope and stereo microscope. The development of mixed buds started from the flattened apical meristem. The stipule and leaf primordia arose first. Subsequently, the hemispherical meristem was divided into two hemispheres, forming a terminal bud and floral bud primordia, followed by lateral bud differentiation. The formation of the terminal and lateral buds of G. koreanum was sequential and their differentiation positions were also different. The floral bud primordia would develop into two flower units and four bracts. The primordia of a flower bud first formed the sepal primordia, then the stamen and petal primordia, and finally the pistil primordia. Compared to the stamen primordia, the growth of the petal primordia was slower. Finally, all organs, especially the petals and pistil, grew rapidly. When the pistil and petals exceeded the stamens and the petals changed color, the flower bud was ready to bloom.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Xuebin Song
- College of Landscape Architecture and Forestry, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
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2
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Zhu Y, Wu M, Li X, Wang Y, Li M, Zhou H. Flash Extraction, Characterization, and Immunoenhancement Activity of Polysaccharide from Hippophae rhamnoides Linn. Chem Biodivers 2023; 20:e202200776. [PMID: 36652073 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202200776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Hippophae rhamnoides L. polysaccharide was optimized with flash extraction by response surface design. The optimum process conditions were: rotation rate 5000 r/min, extraction time 15 s, extraction temperature 90 °C and liquid-to-material ratio 38 mL/g, the extraction yield was 15.28±0.02 %. HRP-1 and HRP-2 obtained by 40 % and 60 % graded alcohol precipitation were characterized. The results indicated that HRP-1 and HRP-2 both composed of mannose, ribose, rhamnose, glucuronic acid, galacturonic acid, glucose, galactose, xylose, arabinose with different molar ratio and the molecular weights were 380.59 kDa and 288.24 kDa, respectively. In addition, the in vitro antioxidant and immunoenhancement activities of HRP-1 and HRP-2 were analyzed, and the two fractions showed good free radical scavenging activity against ⋅OH, ABTS⋅+ , DPPH⋅, and extremely strong immunomodulatory activity against RAW264.7 cells. Indicating that flash extraction is suitable for extraction of HRP, the structural study of HRP provides a scientific theoretical basis for the development of Hippophae rhamnoides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunwen Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Jilin Institute of Chemical Technology, Jilin, 132000, P. R. China
| | - Meifu Wu
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Jilin Institute of Chemical Technology, Jilin, 132000, P. R. China
| | - Xue Li
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Jilin Institute of Chemical Technology, Jilin, 132000, P. R. China
| | - Yahong Wang
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Jilin Institute of Chemical Technology, Jilin, 132000, P. R. China
| | - Mei Li
- Pharmacy Department, Jilin Cancer Hospital, Changchun, 130000, P. R. China
| | - Hongli Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Jilin Institute of Chemical Technology, Jilin, 132000, P. R. China
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3
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Sun JX, Li X, Jiang Y, Liu YL, Li P, Li HJ. Precise identification of Celosia argentea seed and its five adulterants by multiple morphological and chemical means. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2022; 216:114802. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2022.114802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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4
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Rozina, Ahmad M, Zafar M, Dawood S. Scanning electron microscopic identification of ten novel, non-edible oil seeds for bioenergy production. Microsc Res Tech 2022; 85:3245-3255. [PMID: 35762644 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.24181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Biodiesel is a sustainable, inexpensive, and alternative energy source produced from vegetable oils and animal fats. Precise and authentic identification of oil yielding plant species is very crucial. Therefore, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was employed in our current investigation to study micromorphological characteristics of ten novel oil yielding seeds for their reliable identification. Macromorphological characters of sample seeds were explored by light microscopy. Seed size varied from 16 to 6.2 mm in length and 18.4-4.5 mm in width. Seed shape varied from ovoid to cordial and color from beige to brown. Seed oil content ranged from 25% to 45% (w/w). Whereas free fatty acid (FFA) content of seed oil varied from 0.42 to 3.4 mg KOH/g. Biodiesel potential of Chamaerops humilis was found to be highest (98%) in all. Besides, ultra-structural observation of seeds demonstrated variation in surface sculpturing which varied from rugous, reticulate, perforate, striate, and webby. Periclinal wall arrangements varied from rough, ridged, depressed, thick and curved whereas, anticlinal walls pattern showed variation from wavy, smooth, raised, deep and depressed. It was ultimately concluded that Scanning electron microscopy could serve as an advanced tool representing hidden ultra-structural characters of seeds. It offers significant knowledge to researchers and local community for their accurate and genuine identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rozina
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid- i- Azam University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Mushtaq Ahmad
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid- i- Azam University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Zafar
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid- i- Azam University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sumreen Dawood
- Department of Botany, Rawalpindi Women University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
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5
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Banerjee S, Banerjee A, Palit D. Ecosystem services and impact of industrial pollution on urban health: evidence from Durgapur, West Bengal, India. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2021; 193:744. [PMID: 34677689 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-021-09526-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Industrialization, urbanization, and rapid socioeconomic growth are the prime factors regarding development of an urban city. These activities deteriorate the environment slowly by increasing harmful pollutants and the impact of which will be observed in near future in terms of several natural calamities, disease, and ecological consequences. Various urban ecosystems like urban forestry, wetland, grassland, parks/gardens etc. are the main criteria of urban health in respect to delivering multiple of benefits to the surrounding biota. But these regulatory systems have been affected severely through different industrial pollution stresses resulting into deterioration of their physicochemical quality and biotic diversity. The study revealed that the annual average air pollution index (API) exceeded the higher threshold value (i.e. >100) during the study period and recognized Durgapur as the severely polluted region in West Bengal, India. The characteristics of major air pollutants like SO2, NOx, and suspended particulate matter (SPM) and their temporal trends have been evaluated. The objective of this study was to detect the effect of industrial pollution on the aforesaid urban ecosystems in terms of variable ecological services such as purification of polluted air, atmospheric regulation, reduction of noise, proper drainage of rainwater, and sewage treatment. The outcome of this review work was to evaluate thoroughly the physiological, biochemical, and morphological symptoms of plant species under air pollution stress. On the other hand, the effect of air pollution on human and animal populations regarding various diseases (like bronchitis, cardiopulmonary arrest, cancer, liver and kidney dysfunction) has also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiboram Banerjee
- PG Department of Conservation Biology, Durgapur Govt. college, Durgapur, 713214, West Bengal, India.
| | - Arnab Banerjee
- U.T.D, Department of Environmental Science, Sant Gahira Guru Vishwavidyalaya, Ambikapur, Chattisgarh, 497001, India
| | - Debnath Palit
- Department of Botany, Durgapur Govt. College, Durgapur, 713214, West Bengal, India
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6
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Patel I, Gorim LY, Tanino K, Vandenberg A. Diversity in Surface Microstructures of Trichomes, Epidermal Cells, and Stomata in Lentil Germplasm. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:697692. [PMID: 34322146 PMCID: PMC8311464 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.697692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
To develop crops capable of withstanding challenges posed by climate change, breeding strategies must focus on addressing multiple stresses occurring concurrently in plants. Leaf epidermal structures such as trichomes, stomata, and epidermal cells play an important role in mediating plant defense and could be essential traits that impart wide-ranging tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses. Consequently, it is important to inform on the underlying diversity in these traits in lentil germplasm (Lens spp.). In this study, we characterized foliar microstructures of 12 genotypes belonging to seven wild and cultivated Lens species. We performed scanning electron microscopy on leaflet and pod surfaces for their qualitative characterization. For quantitative characterization, we observed surface imprints via light microscopy and quantified trichome density (TD), trichome length (TL), stomatal density (SD), epidermal cell density (ECD), and stomatal index (SI) on adaxial and abaxial leaflet surfaces for each genotype. We also assessed the heritability of trichome traits by evaluating interspecific recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from the cross Lens culinaris CDC Redberry × Lens tomentosus IG 72805. Comparing foliar microstructures, we found that TD and TL varied widely among cultivated and wild lentil genotypes. However, in most lentil genotypes, the adaxial leaflet surface had lower TD and longer trichomes compared to the abaxial surface. Pubescence on pods comprised five major phenotypes: no trichomes or glabrous pods, very short trichomes at low density, short trichomes at high density, medium-length trichomes at high density, and long trichomes at high density. Leaves of all species were amphistomatous, and SI, SD, and ECD were all higher on the adaxial compared to the abaxial surface. Adaxial surfaces had slightly sunken stomata, which might be an adaptive trait to conserve water. Quantifying TD and TL on the leaflets of interspecific RILs revealed transgressive segregation of these traits, suggesting that TD and TL are quantitative in nature. While taxonomic implications of this study are limited, a detailed description of agronomically relevant morphophysiological traits presented in this paper along with the mode of inheritance of trichomes may serve as a resource for scientists developing lentil adapted to concurrent biotic and abiotic stresses of the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishita Patel
- Department of Plant Sciences, College of Agriculture and Bioresources, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Linda Yuya Gorim
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, Faculty of Agricultural, Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Karen Tanino
- Department of Plant Sciences, College of Agriculture and Bioresources, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Albert Vandenberg
- Department of Plant Sciences, College of Agriculture and Bioresources, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
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7
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Kumar P, Singh H, Kumar Singh S. Karyomorphological and SEM studies in newly discovered populations of a critically endangered medicinal plant - Lilium polyphyllum D. Don ex Royle from a high altitude protected area of north-western Himalaya. Microsc Res Tech 2021; 84:2291-2301. [PMID: 33876874 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In this study, new populations of a critically endangered Himalayan herb, Lilium polyphyllum D. Don ex Royle have been reported from Chamba, Himachal Pradesh, India for the first time. Karyotypic, palynological, and spermological studies under the light microscope (LM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) have been carried out on specimens from these populations with an aim to add more knowledge to the current database of the species. Presently studied individuals depicted a diploid (2x) chromosome count of 2n = 24, which is in confirmation with the previous reports from Kashmir Himalaya. Mitotic study showed a karyotype formula of 2n = 2x = 2m + 2sm + 4st + 16t, that is, 2 metacentric +2 submetacentric +4 acrocentric +16 telocentric chromosomes. LM and SEM observations revealed that the pollen grains are monosulcate, heteropolar, elliptical in polar view, and oblate with reticulate ornamentation. Based on the criteria of number, shape, and arrangement of columellae that form the muri, pollen grains in L. polyphyllum correspond to Martagon type. This is the first SEM based study on pollen grains and seeds of endangered Himalayan white lily. Based on the present ecological data collected we confirm the status of L. polyphyllum to be critically endangered in the study area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puneet Kumar
- Botanical Survey of India, Northern Regional Centre, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | | | - Sushil Kumar Singh
- Botanical Survey of India, Northern Regional Centre, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
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8
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Ali M, Bahadur S, Hussain A, Saeed S, Khuram I, Ullah M, Shao J, Akhtar N. Foliar epidermal micromorphology and its taxonomic significance in
Polygonatum
(Asparagaceae) using scanning electron microscopy. Microsc Res Tech 2020; 83:1381-1390. [DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maroof Ali
- Department of Biological Sciences College of Life Science, Anhui Normal University Wuhu China
| | - Saraj Bahadur
- Department of Agriculture and Forestry College of Forestry, Hainan University Haikou China
| | - Abrar Hussain
- Department of Physics, Centre of Physics The University of Science and Technology of China Hefei China
| | - Sara Saeed
- Department of Physics, Centre of Physics The University of Science and Technology of China Hefei China
| | - Izaz Khuram
- Department of Botany University of Peshawar Peshawar Pakistan
| | - Manzoor Ullah
- Department of Botany University of Science & Technology Bannu Pakistan
| | - Jian‐Wen Shao
- Department of Biological Sciences College of Life Science, Anhui Normal University Wuhu China
| | - Naveed Akhtar
- Department of Botany Islamia College University Peshawar Peshawar Pakistan
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9
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Bahadur S, Ahmad M, Zafar M, Gul S, Ayaz A, Ashfaq S, Rubab S, Shuaib M, Ahmad S. Taxonomic study of one generic and two new species record to the flora of Pakistan using multiple microscopic techniques. Microsc Res Tech 2020; 83:345-353. [DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Saraj Bahadur
- Department of Plant SciencesQuaid‐I‐Azam University Islamabad Pakistan
- College of Life and Pharmaceutical SciencesHainan University Haikou China
| | - Mushtaq Ahmad
- Department of Plant SciencesQuaid‐I‐Azam University Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Zafar
- Department of Plant SciencesQuaid‐I‐Azam University Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Saba Gul
- Department of Plant SciencesQuaid‐I‐Azam University Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Asma Ayaz
- Department of Plant SciencesQuaid‐I‐Azam University Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Shomaila Ashfaq
- Department of Plant SciencesQuaid‐I‐Azam University Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Saima Rubab
- Department of PharmacognosyLahore Pharmacy College LMDC Lahore Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Shuaib
- School of Ecology and Environmental ScienceYunnan University Kunming China
| | - Shakil Ahmad
- Key laboratory of Green Prevention and Control of Tropical Plant Diseases and PestsHainan University Haikou China
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10
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Hu Z, Zhao Y, Zhao C, Liu J. Taxonomic importance of pollen morphology in Veratrum
L. (Melanthiaceae) using microscopic techniques. Microsc Res Tech 2020; 83:865-876. [DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ziming Hu
- College of Life Sciences and Academy for Multidisciplinary Studies; Capital Normal University; Beijing China
| | - Yunyun Zhao
- College of Life Sciences and Academy for Multidisciplinary Studies; Capital Normal University; Beijing China
| | - Chunhai Zhao
- College of Life Sciences and Academy for Multidisciplinary Studies; Capital Normal University; Beijing China
| | - Jiaxi Liu
- College of Life Sciences and Academy for Multidisciplinary Studies; Capital Normal University; Beijing China
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11
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Bashir K, Sohail A, Ali U, Ullah A, Ul Haq Z, Gul B, Ullah I, Sunera, Asghar M. Foliar micromorphology and its role in identification of the Apocynaceae taxa. Microsc Res Tech 2020; 83:755-766. [PMID: 32118344 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we evaluate the importance of foliar epidermal micromorphological characteristics of Apocyanaceae for accurate identification and classification. The species were collected from the University of Peshawar's main campus in the spring season to observe its qualitative and quantitative features. The length and width of guard cells, stomatal pore and subsidiary cells, trichomes, and crypts on both sides of the leaf were examined. Many species were observed to be hypostomatic. Plumeria rubra, Raulfia serpentine, Thevetia peruviana, Trachelospermum lucidum, Alstonia scholaris, and Catharanthus roseus demonstrated hypostomatic leaves. Nearly all the investigated species had anisocytic type of stomata only or in combination with other types of stomata on the upper and lower epidermis. Carissa carandas had anomocytic, anisocytic, and cyclocytic type of stomata on the upper epidermis, and the lower epidermis showed variations in stomatal type, such as anomocytic, stephanocytic, brachyparacytic, and hemiparacytic. Nerium oleander had no specific shape of stomata but showed stomatal crypts in which the stomata were enclosed inside many trichomes. The taxonomic key based on stomatal types, epidermal cells, stomatal index value, and statistical analysis, along with the variations in the epidermal cells, shows the link between the selected plants species, which will provide a baseline for future anatomical studies. This study highlights many undocumented micromorphological characteristics. The anatomical characteristics observed in this study will be helpful for taxonomic identification and species delimitation of the family Apocynaceae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalsoom Bashir
- Centre of Plant Biodiversity, University of Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Aamir Sohail
- Department of Botany, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Usman Ali
- Centre of Plant Biodiversity, University of Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Asad Ullah
- Centre of Plant Biodiversity, University of Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Zahoor Ul Haq
- Department of Botany, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University Sheringal, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Brekhna Gul
- Department of Botany, University of Swabi, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Inam Ullah
- Government Postgraduate College Timergara, Timergara, Department of Botany, Pakistan
| | - Sunera
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Mehrina Asghar
- Department of Biotechnology, Mohi-Ud-Din Islamic University, AJ&K, Pakistan
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12
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Khan AS, Ahmad M, Zafar M, Athar M, Ozdemir FA, Gilani SAA, Sultana S, Ahmad S, Butt MA, Majeed S, Khan SU. Morphological characterization of Hypnaceae (Bryopsida, Hypnales): Investigating four genera from Western Himalayas by using LM and SEM techniques. Microsc Res Tech 2020; 83:676-690. [DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Aamir Shehzad Khan
- Department of Plant SciencesQuaid‐i‐Azam University Islamabad Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Mushtaq Ahmad
- Department of Plant SciencesQuaid‐i‐Azam University Islamabad Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Zafar
- Department of Plant SciencesQuaid‐i‐Azam University Islamabad Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Mohammad Athar
- California Department of Food & Agriculture Sacramento California USA
| | - Fethi Ahmet Ozdemir
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science and ArtsBingol University Bingol Turkey
| | | | - Shazia Sultana
- Department of Plant SciencesQuaid‐i‐Azam University Islamabad Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Shafiq Ahmad
- Department of Plant SciencesQuaid‐i‐Azam University Islamabad Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Maryam Akram Butt
- Department of Plant SciencesQuaid‐i‐Azam University Islamabad Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Salman Majeed
- Department of Plant SciencesQuaid‐i‐Azam University Islamabad Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Shahzeb Ullah Khan
- Department of Plant SciencesQuaid‐i‐Azam University Islamabad Islamabad Pakistan
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13
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Zaman W, Ahmad M, Zafar M, Amina H, Lubna, Ullah F, Bahadur S, Ayaz A, Saqib S, Begum N, Jahan S. The quest for some novel antifertility herbals used as male contraceptives in district Shangla, Pakistan. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chnaes.2019.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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14
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Bano A, Rashid S, Ahmad M, Bhatti GR, Yaseen G, Anjum F, Ahmed SN, Zafar M, Asma M, Sultana S, Adeel M, Ozdemir FA, Kilic O. Comparative pollen and foliar micromorphological studies using light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy of some selected species of Lamiaceae from Alpine Zone of Deosai Plateau, Western Himalayas. Microsc Res Tech 2020; 83:579-588. [DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abida Bano
- Department of BotanyFG Degree College for Women, Skardu Pakistan
- Department of Plant SciencesQuaid‐i‐Azam University Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Sofia Rashid
- Department of Plant SciencesQuaid‐i‐Azam University Islamabad Pakistan
- Department of Bio sciencesCOMSATS University Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Mushtaq Ahmad
- Department of Plant SciencesQuaid‐i‐Azam University Islamabad Pakistan
| | | | - Ghulam Yaseen
- Department of Plant SciencesQuaid‐i‐Azam University Islamabad Pakistan
- Department of BotanyPMAS Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi Pakistan
| | - Farida Anjum
- Department of Plant SciencesQuaid‐i‐Azam University Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Sidra N. Ahmed
- Department of BotanyThe Women University Multan Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Zafar
- Department of Plant SciencesQuaid‐i‐Azam University Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Maliha Asma
- Department of Environmental SciencesInternational Islamic University Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Shazia Sultana
- Department of Plant SciencesQuaid‐i‐Azam University Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Adeel
- Department of BotanyPMAS Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi Pakistan
| | - Fethi A. Ozdemir
- Faculty of Science and Art, Department of Molecular Biology and GeneticsBingol University Turkey
| | - Omer Kilic
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Basic Science of Pharmacy Adıyaman Turkey
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15
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Sadia H, Zafar M, Ahmad M, Lubna, Khan MPZ, Yaseen G, Ali MI, Sultana S, Kilic O, Şahan Z, Alam N, Abbas Q, Ghani A, Naz S. Foliar epidermal anatomy of some selected wild edible fruits of Pakistan using light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Microsc Res Tech 2019; 83:259-267. [DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haleema Sadia
- Department of Plant SciencesQuaid‐i‐Azam University Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Zafar
- Department of Plant SciencesQuaid‐i‐Azam University Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Mushtaq Ahmad
- Department of Plant SciencesQuaid‐i‐Azam University Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Lubna
- Department of Plant SciencesQuaid‐i‐Azam University Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Muhammad P. Z. Khan
- Department of Plant SciencesQuaid‐i‐Azam University Islamabad Pakistan
- Department of BotanyGovt. Afzal Khan Lala Post Graduate College Swat Pakistan
| | - Ghulam Yaseen
- Department of Plant SciencesQuaid‐i‐Azam University Islamabad Pakistan
- Department of BotanyPMAS Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi Pakistan
| | - Muhammad I. Ali
- Department of MicrobiologyQuaid‐i‐Azam University Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Shazia Sultana
- Department of Plant SciencesQuaid‐i‐Azam University Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Omer Kilic
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Basic Science of PharmacyAdıyaman University Adıyaman Turkey
| | - Zeynep Şahan
- Kahta Meslek Yüksekokulu Veterinerlik Bölümü KahtaAdıyaman Üniversitesi Adıyaman Turkey
| | - Naveed Alam
- Institute of Agriculture Sciences and ForestryUniversity of Swat Swat Pakistan
| | - Qamar Abbas
- Biological Science DepartmentKarakoram International University Baltistan Pakistan
| | - Abdul Ghani
- Department of BotanySargodha University Sargodha Pakistan
| | - Saeeda Naz
- Department of Plant SciencesQuaid‐i‐Azam University Islamabad Pakistan
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16
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Hadidchi A, Attar F, Ullah F. Using microscopic techniques for taxonomic implications of seed and fruits of
Delphinium
L. (sensu lato) (Ranunculaceae). Microsc Res Tech 2019; 83:99-117. [DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anahita Hadidchi
- Central Herbarium of Tehran University, Center of Excellence in Phylogeny of Living Organisms and Department of Plant Science, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran Tehran Iran
| | - Farideh Attar
- Central Herbarium of Tehran University, Center of Excellence in Phylogeny of Living Organisms and Department of Plant Science, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran Tehran Iran
| | - Fazal Ullah
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Chengdu China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
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17
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Feroze N, Arshad B, Younas M, Afridi MI, Saqib S, Ayaz A. Fungal mediated synthesis of silver nanoparticles and evaluation of antibacterial activity. Microsc Res Tech 2019; 83:72-80. [DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nosheen Feroze
- Department of BiotechnologyMohi‐Ud‐Din Islamic University Nerian Sharif Pakistan
| | - Bushra Arshad
- Department of BiotechnologyMohi‐Ud‐Din Islamic University Nerian Sharif Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Younas
- Department of BiotechnologyMohi‐Ud‐Din Islamic University Nerian Sharif Pakistan
| | | | - Saddam Saqib
- Department of BiotechnologyMohi‐Ud‐Din Islamic University Nerian Sharif Pakistan
- Department of Plant SciencesQuaid‐i‐Azam University Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Asma Ayaz
- Department of Plant SciencesQuaid‐i‐Azam University Islamabad Pakistan
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18
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Song Y, Zhao C, Zhao Y, Liu J. Pollen morphology of
Aletris
L. (Nartheciaceae) and its systematic significance. Microsc Res Tech 2019; 82:2061-2071. [DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Song
- College of Life SciencesCapital Normal University Beijing China
| | - Chunhai Zhao
- College of Life SciencesCapital Normal University Beijing China
| | - Yunyun Zhao
- College of Life SciencesCapital Normal University Beijing China
| | - Jiaxi Liu
- College of Life SciencesCapital Normal University Beijing China
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19
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Shaheen S, Jaffer M, Khalid S, Khan MA, Hussain K, Butt MM, Rauf Siddiqui A, Ashfaq M, Ahmad M, Zafar M, Khan F. Microscopic techniques used for the identification of medicinal plants: A case study of Senna. Microsc Res Tech 2019; 82:1660-1667. [PMID: 31267600 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of quality control tool for adulteration of Senna (Cassia aungustifolia) a pharmaceutically very important. They were used for multiple health disorders such as constipation, indigestion, epilepsy, asthma, piles, migraine, and heart problems. Two different species of same family or same genus used commercially in Indo-Pak using the same medicine name Senna. One named as Senna (C. aungustifolia) and its adulterant named as Sickle Senna (Cassia obtusifolia). METHODOLOGY These two plants were analyzed using classical microscopic techniques light microscopy and the modern chemotaxonomic traits scanning electron microscopy, fluorescence studies and phytochemical studies. RESULTS The C. aungustifolia L. had found to be a perennial herb with trilobed pollen, diacytic, paracytic, and anisocytic stomata having smooth walled epidermal cells, whereas the C. obtusifolia stands out as a perennial shrub with spheroidal and circular pollen and paracytic type of stomata having irregular shaped epidermal cells. The powdered drug of C. aungustifolia is dark grayish green, whereas the powdered drug of C. obtusifolia is light green in color. Investigation and other techniques used in this project provided the basis for the authentication of this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shabnum Shaheen
- Department of Plant Sciences, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Mehwish Jaffer
- Department of Plant Sciences, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Sana Khalid
- Department of Plant Sciences, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Farah Khan
- Department of Plant Sciences, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan
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20
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Gul S, Ahmad M, Zafar M, Bahadur S, Celep F, Sultana S, Begum N, Hanif U, Zaman W, Shuaib M, Ayaz A. Taxonomic significance of foliar epidermal morphology in Lamiaceae from Pakistan. Microsc Res Tech 2019; 82:1507-1528. [DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 05/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Saba Gul
- Department of Plant SciencesQuaid‐I‐Azam University Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Mushtaq Ahmad
- Department of Plant SciencesQuaid‐I‐Azam University Islamabad Pakistan
- Center of Natural Product LabChengdu Institute of Biology Chengdu China
| | - Muhammad Zafar
- Department of Plant SciencesQuaid‐I‐Azam University Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Saraj Bahadur
- Department of Plant SciencesQuaid‐I‐Azam University Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Ferhat Celep
- Department of BiologyKırıkkale University Kırıkkale Turkey
| | - Shazia Sultana
- Department of Plant SciencesQuaid‐I‐Azam University Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Najla Begum
- Department of BotanyQurtuba University of Science & Information Technology Peshawar Pakistan
| | - Uzma Hanif
- Department of BotanyGovernment College University Lahore Pakistan
| | - Wajid Zaman
- Department of Plant SciencesQuaid‐I‐Azam University Islamabad Pakistan
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary BotanyInstitute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Muhammad Shuaib
- School of Ecology and Environmental ScienceYunnan University Kunming China
| | - Asma Ayaz
- Department of Plant SciencesQuaid‐I‐Azam University Islamabad Pakistan
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21
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Attar F, Esfandani-Bozchaloyi S, Mirtadzadini M, Ullah F, Zaman W. Foliar and stem epidermal anatomy of the tribe Cynoglosseae (Boraginaceae) and their taxonomic significance. Microsc Res Tech 2019; 82:786-802. [PMID: 30801847 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Foliar and stem epidermal anatomical features of the tribe Cynoglosseae have been studied in detail for the taxonomic identification using light microscopy (LM) and scanning electron microscopic (SEM) techniques. A comparative study was conducted on different plant parts (leaf and stem epidermal anatomy) of 25 species belonging to eight genera of the tribe Cynoglosseae (Boraginaceae) collected from different phytogeographical regions of Iran for the first time. Different qualitative and quantitative characteristics were observed in detail using LM and SEM. Results showed that although generally the stem and leaf anatomical traits were similar, but some diagnostic features were examined for distinguishing the closely related genera in the tribe. The ratio of cortex/diameter of stem and phloem/xylem, the average row number of collenchyma, palisade and spongy cells, structure of trichomes, type of indumentum and palisade arrangement were found taxonomically important. The anatomical characters were statistically analyzed using cluster analysis and principal component analysis. The study found that stem and leaf eccentrics are variable in the genus but constant within species of the same genus. Most species had typical isobilateral leaves, but some showed an incipient dorsoventrally symmetry with a layer of abaxial palisade tissue. Eglandular trichomes were observed found in all the studied species, which were recognized based on structure and function. In present study some novel characters have been observed which are of great interest to the taxonomist for the correct identification some genera delimitations. The characters studied here are of less taxonomic value and delimitating at species level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farideh Attar
- Central Herbarium of Tehran University, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mansour Mirtadzadini
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Shahid Bahonar University, Kerman, Iran
| | - Fazal Ullah
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Wajid Zaman
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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22
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Naz S, Zafar M, Ahmad M, Memon RA, Sultana S, Bahadur S, Ozdemir FA, Siddiq Z, Shah MA. Palynological investigation of lactiferous flora (Apocynaceae) of District Rawalpindi, Pakistan, using light and scanning electron microscopy. Microsc Res Tech 2019; 82:1410-1418. [DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Saeeda Naz
- Department of Plant SciencesQuaid‐i‐Azam University Islamabad Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Zafar
- Department of Plant SciencesQuaid‐i‐Azam University Islamabad Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Mushtaq Ahmad
- Department of Plant SciencesQuaid‐i‐Azam University Islamabad Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Rabia A. Memon
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Sindh Jamshoro Sindh Pakistan
| | - Shazia Sultana
- Department of Plant SciencesQuaid‐i‐Azam University Islamabad Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Saraj Bahadur
- Department of Plant SciencesQuaid‐i‐Azam University Islamabad Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Fethi A. Ozdemir
- Department of Molecular Biology and GeneticsFaculty of Science and Art, Bingol University Bingol Turkey
| | - Zafar Siddiq
- Department of BotanyGC University Lahore Punjab Pakistan
| | - Muhammad A. Shah
- Department of PharmacognosyGC University Faisalabad Punjab Pakistan
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23
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Shah SN, Ahmad M, Zafar M, Ullah F, Zaman W, Malik K, Rashid N, Gul S. Taxonomic importance of spore morphology in
Thelypteridaceae
from
Northern Pakistan. Microsc Res Tech 2019; 82:1326-1333. [DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Syed N. Shah
- Department of Plant SciencesQuaid‐i‐Azam University Islamabad Pakistan
- Science LaboratoryGovernment High School Dherai Puran Shangla Pakistan
| | - Mushtaq Ahmad
- Department of Plant SciencesQuaid‐i‐Azam University Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Zafar
- Department of Plant SciencesQuaid‐i‐Azam University Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Fazal Ullah
- Department of Plant SciencesQuaid‐i‐Azam University Islamabad Pakistan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource UtilizationChengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Chengdu China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Wajid Zaman
- Department of Plant SciencesQuaid‐i‐Azam University Islamabad Pakistan
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary BotanyInstitute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China
| | - Khafsa Malik
- Department of Plant SciencesQuaid‐i‐Azam University Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Neelam Rashid
- Department of Plant SciencesQuaid‐i‐Azam University Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Saba Gul
- Department of Plant SciencesQuaid‐i‐Azam University Islamabad Pakistan
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24
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Gul S, Ahmad M, Zafar M, Bahadur S, Sultana S, Begum N, Shah SN, Zaman W, Ullah F, Ayaz A, Hanif U. Taxonomic study of subfamily Nepetoideae (Lamiaceae) by polynomorphological approach. Microsc Res Tech 2019; 82:1021-1031. [PMID: 30860643 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2019] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The present study is insight into pollen morphology for characterizing species and their utility in the taxonomic separation of certain taxa of subfamily Nepetoideae (Lamiaceae) from Pakistan. The pollen micromorphology of 11 species of the Nepetoideae was analyzed and documented using light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for both qualitative and quantitative characteristics. Most species have hexazonocolpate pollen grains but trizonocolpate and tetrazonocolpate pollen with circular and oval amb were also rarely observed in Mentha spicata. The basic pollen shape in most of the studied species was subspheroidal but prolate grains were also observed in M. spicata, S. coccinea, and S. plebeia. The exine sculpturing of Nepetoideae pollen was taxonomically very informative particularly at subfamily level. Observations of exine sculpturing with SEM revealed various types of pollen grains: reticulate, bireticulate, microreticulate, perforate, aerolate, and gammate. The bireticulate type further subdivided into three subtypes based on the number of secondary lumina in each primary lumen and is characterized by varying characteristics of the secondary reticulum and primary muri. A significant variation was observed in colpus surface ornamentation. The maximum polar diameter was found in O. americanum (58 ± 5.8 μm) and the maximum equatorial diameter observed in O. basilicum (50.25 ± 1.37 μm). Pollen features of the studied species were discussed and compared based on the current taxonomical concepts. The results showed that pollen traits of the subfamily Nepetoideae was found significant to classify the taxa. Furthermore, pollen features provide additional evidence to distinguish macromorphologically similar taxa from each other.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saba Gul
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Mushtaq Ahmad
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Zafar
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Saraj Bahadur
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Shazia Sultana
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Najla Begum
- Department of Botany, Qurtuba University of Science and Information Technology, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Syed Nasar Shah
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Wajid Zaman
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.,State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fazal Ullah
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Asma Ayaz
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Uzma Hanif
- Department of Botany, Government College University, Lahore, Pakistan
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25
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Ullah F, Papini A, Shah SN, Zaman W, Sohail A, Iqbal M. Seed micromorphology and its taxonomic evidence in subfamily Alsinoideae (Caryophyllaceae). Microsc Res Tech 2019; 82:250-259. [PMID: 30597704 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Seed micromorphology of 13 species, belonging to four genera of subfamily Alsinoideae (Caryophyllaceae) were investigated with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), in order to assess their diagnostic significance at generic level and provide additional evidence on species delimitation, as well as correct identification and phylogenetic position. Genera and species of subfamily Alsinoideae exhibit great variation in ultrastructure and a high diversity of novel micromorphological characters were observed. Variation in seed shape, color, hilum, anticlinal wall, epidermal cell, cell surface, margins, and quantitative characters as length and width were studied in detail, compared, illustrated, and their taxonomic significant were discussed. Seed shapes of the species were classified as reniform, round, angular, subcircular, subreniform, and elliptical pyriform, with sub-central, central, basal, and nearly basal hilum. Wavy, irregular, tetragonal, and elongated epidermal cells structure has been observed as an exomorphological character. The present findings show that the micromorphology of subfamily Alsinoideae provides taxonomic information and is helpful to distinguish different species. The results also explained that SEM morphology of seeds provide important data about affinity among taxa and give potential characters in delimitation of members of subfamily Alsinoideae at generic and species level. A principal component analysis allowed to highlight the most outsiders among seed micromorphology with a possible explanation. Taxonomic keys were developed based on micromorphological characters to delimit the species and useful for their quick identification within subfamily Alsinoideae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fazal Ullah
- Department of Plant sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan.,CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Alessio Papini
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Syed Nasar Shah
- Department of Plant sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Wajid Zaman
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Beijing, China
| | - Aamir Sohail
- Department of Botany, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Majid Iqbal
- Department of Plant sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
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26
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Kandemir N, Çelik A, Ullah F, Shah SN, Zaman W. Foliar epidermal anatomical characteristics of taxa of Iris subg. Scorpiris Spach (Iridaceae) from Turkey. Microsc Res Tech 2019; 82:764-774. [PMID: 30762920 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Iris L. is one of the important genus of family Iridaceae, consist of 56 taxa naturally occurred in Turkey. The similarities and variations in the subgenus overlapping the taxonomic positions of the species in the subgenera and needs anatomical assessment especially by microscopic techniques. In this study, the taxonomic significance of leaf anatomical characters of 10 Iris subgenus Scorpiris taxa were studied in detail and the relationship among these taxa were evaluated using microscopy techniques. Fresh leaf samples of species were fixed in 70% alcohol solution for anatomical observation under microscope. Eleven different micromorphological features were statistically analyzed to delimit the species in subgenus. Based on morphological and anatomical similarities, we studied relationships among; (1) ssp. turcica, ssp. caucasica, I. nezahatiae and I. pseudocaucasica; (2) correlation between ssp. turcica and ssp. caucasica; (3) association of I. galatica, I. persica, ssp. margaretiae and ssp. stenophylla with each other; (4) relationship between ssp. stenophylla and ssp. margaretiae; and (5) relevance between I. aucheri and I. peshmeniana. Moreover, the taxonomy of subgenus Scorpiris has been discussed in detail with novel and diagnostic features based on micromorphological physiognomies. We found that four species in this study are endemic to Turkey, while seven are critically endangered geophytes in the country. The leaf anatomical characteristics of 10 taxa were divided into three groups. Main aim of this research was to study the taxonomy of the complex subgenus Scorpiris through microscopic techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nezahat Kandemir
- Education Faculty, Department of Biology, Amasya University, Amasya, Turkey
| | - Ali Çelik
- Art and Science Faculty, Department of Biology, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Fazal Ullah
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan.,CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Syed Nasar Shah
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Wajid Zaman
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.,Department of State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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