1
|
Chen Y, Liu J, Xu Y, Sun C, Qu W, Du H, He M, Huo J, Sun J, Huang J, Yin J. Comparison of Polygonatum sibiricum Polysaccharides Found in Young and Mature Rhizomes. Foods 2024; 13:2010. [PMID: 38998515 PMCID: PMC11240938 DOI: 10.3390/foods13132010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The main active component of Polygonatum sibiricum (P. sibiricum) rhizome is Polygonatum sibiricum Polysaccharide (PsP) with antioxidant function. At present, only the mature rhizome of P. sibiricum is used to extract PsP, while the young rhizome of by-product is discarded directly as waste, resulting in significant wastage of P. sibiricum resources. We used ultrasound-assisted extraction-deep eutectic solvents (UAE-DESs) method to extract PsP of young and mature rhizomes, respectively. The extraction rate, structure composition and antioxidant ability of PsP between young and mature rhizomes were compared, so as to provide references for comprehensive utilization of P. sibiricum resources. The PsP extraction rate (33.88 ± 1.95%) of young rhizome was close to that (45.08 ± 1.92%) of mature rhizomes. The main component (PsP-2) of the PsP in young rhizome contained six kinds of monosaccharides, which belonged to acidic polysaccharides. The above characteristics of the PsP of young rhizome were similar to those of mature rhizome. The PsP of young rhizome also exhibited similar biological activity to that of the mature rhizome, which indicated even more advantages in DPPH free radical scavenging ability. The results of this study support the utility of the young rhizome, consequently helping to avoid unnecessary waste and provide reference for comprehensive utilization of P. sibiricum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Public Nutrition and Health, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Aer-Bio Active Health Institute, Beijing 100043, China
| | - Yifan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Public Nutrition and Health, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Chaoqun Sun
- Key Laboratory of Public Nutrition and Health, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Wenjie Qu
- Key Laboratory of Public Nutrition and Health, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Hanchen Du
- Key Laboratory of Public Nutrition and Health, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Menglu He
- Key Laboratory of Public Nutrition and Health, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Junsheng Huo
- Key Laboratory of Public Nutrition and Health, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Jing Sun
- Key Laboratory of Public Nutrition and Health, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Jian Huang
- Key Laboratory of Public Nutrition and Health, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Jiyong Yin
- Key Laboratory of Public Nutrition and Health, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Pan M, Wu Y, Sun C, Ma H, Ye X, Li X. Polygonati Rhizoma: A review on the extraction, purification, structural characterization, biosynthesis of the main secondary metabolites and anti-aging effects. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 327:118002. [PMID: 38437890 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Polygonati Rhizome (PR) is a plant that is extensively widespread in the temperate zones of the Northern Hemisphere. It is a member of the Polygonatum family of Asparagaceae. PR exhibits diverse pharmacological effects and finds applications in ethnopharmacology, serving as a potent tonic for more than two millennia. PR's compounds endow it with various pharmacological properties, including anti-aging, antioxidant, anti-fatigue, anti-inflammatory, and sleep-enhancing effects, as well as therapeutic potential for osteoporosis and age-related diseases. AIM OF THE STUDY This review seeks to offer a thorough overview of the processing, purification, extraction, structural characterization, and biosynthesis pathways of PR. Furthermore, it delves into the anti-aging mechanism of PR, using organ protection as an entry point. MATERIALS AND METHODS Information on PR was obtained from scientific databases (Google Scholar, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, SciFinder, PubMed, CNKI) and books, doctoral theses, and master's dissertations. RESULTS In this investigation, 49 polysaccharides were extracted from PR, and the impact of various processing, extraction, and purification techniques on the structure and activity of these polysaccharides was evaluated. Additionally, 163 saponins and 46 flavonoids were identified, and three key biosynthesis pathways of secondary metabolites were outlined. Notably, PR and Polygonat Rhizomai polysaccharides (PRP) exhibit remarkable protective effects against age-induced injuries to the brain, liver, kidney, intestine, heart, and vessels, thereby promoting longevity and ameliorating the aging process. CONCLUSIONS PR, a culinary and therapeutic herb, is rich in active components and pharmacological activities. Based on this review, PR plays a meaningful role in lifespan extension and anti-aging, which can be attributed to PRP. Future research should delve deeper into the structural aspects of PRP that underlie its anti-aging effects and explore potential synergistic interactions with other compounds. Moreover, exploring the potential applications of PR in functional foods and pharmaceutical formulations is recommended to advance the development of industries and resources focused on healthy aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miao Pan
- Engineering Research Center of Coptis Development and Utilization (Ministry of Education), College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Yajing Wu
- Engineering Research Center of Coptis Development and Utilization (Ministry of Education), College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Chunyong Sun
- Engineering Research Center of Coptis Development and Utilization (Ministry of Education), College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Hang Ma
- Engineering Research Center of Coptis Development and Utilization (Ministry of Education), College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Xiaoli Ye
- School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
| | - Xuegang Li
- Engineering Research Center of Coptis Development and Utilization (Ministry of Education), College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Gao L, Zhang H, Wang H, Li AC, Wu M, Wang QZ, Zheng ZA. Quality Evaluation and Browning Control in the Multi-Stage Processing of Mume Fructus (Wumei). Foods 2024; 13:272. [PMID: 38254573 PMCID: PMC10815268 DOI: 10.3390/foods13020272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The dried Mume Fructus (MF), called Wumei in China, is a unique food with medicinal and edible effects. But its actual production method is outdated with low efficiency and inconsistent quality. This study systematically investigated the influence of moisture content (MC), temperature, and relative humidity (RH) on the browning reaction and quality characteristics of the MF and proposed a continuous processing strategy of the three-stage variable process for MF production based on the precise process control of the temperature and the RH. The production process of MF was divided into three stages: preliminary dehydration, browning, and drying. The results showed that the browning reaction rate and drying efficiency were optimal when the MC of the raw materials was reduced to 50%. In the browning stage, the degree of browning was better, and the antioxidant capacity reached the maximum of 64.38 mg/g DM under a processing temperature of 80 °C and an RH of more than 60%. As the RH increased, the drying rate decreased, and the ash content exhibited an increase. Therefore, the optimal processing parameters for the browning stage were determined to be a temperature of 80 °C and an RH of 60%. In the final drying stage, a temperature of 60 °C coupled with a dehumidification mode proved sufficient to ensure efficient drying without compromising the quality of the MF. This study revealed the reaction mechanism of the rapid browning processing of MF, which has important guiding significance for the rapid processing of browning foods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Gao
- College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Hui Wang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Ai-Chao Li
- College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Min Wu
- College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Qing-Zhu Wang
- College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zhi-An Zheng
- College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Liu Z, Cheng Y, Chao Z. A Comprehensive Quality Analysis of Different Colors of Medicinal and Edible Honeysuckle. Foods 2023; 12:3126. [PMID: 37628125 PMCID: PMC10453482 DOI: 10.3390/foods12163126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Honeysuckle (the dried flower bud or opening flower of Lonicera japonica Thunb.), a medicinal and edible substance, has is greatly popular among consumers for its remarkable health effects, such as antioxidant, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory effects. However, due to the influences of processing methods, storage conditions, and other factors, honeysuckles show different colors which can directly reflect the quality and the price on the market. In order to comprehensively compare the quality of different colors, 55 batches of honeysuckle samples were collected and analyzed. Their color parameters, chlorophyll content (chl), total phenol content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), antioxidant activity (AA), main active compounds, and metabolites were measured. As a result, the initial green-white (GW) samples, a kind of highest-quality honeysuckle, had the smallest a* value, largest h*, chl, TPC, TFC, and AA values, and highest content of chlorogenic acid and cynaroside. There was a significant difference between GW samples and a series of discolored samples. As the color darkened or lightened, the quality gradually decreased. The yellow-brown (YB) samples were of the worst quality and were no longer available for clinical and health purposes. A series of differential metabolites, such as quercetin-7-O-glucoside and secologanoside, could be used as important references to evaluate the quality of differently colored samples. The metabolic profile of honeysuckle provided new insights into the process of color change and laid a foundation for further honeysuckle quality control. The correlation results showed that the a* and h* values significantly affect the abovementioned quality indicators and the 10 main active compounds. In other words, the color difference could directly reflect the quality and clinical efficacy. Multiple regression analysis was carried out using combined L*, a*, and b* values to predict the quality of honeysuckle. This is the first time the quality of different color honeysuckle samples on the post-harvest link has been systematically compared and a demonstration of medicinal and edible substances with different colors has been provided.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Zhimao Chao
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China; (Z.L.); (Y.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Liu D, Tang W, Han C, Nie S. Advances in Polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharides: Extraction, purification, structure, biosynthesis, and bioactivity. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1074671. [PMID: 36545471 PMCID: PMC9760828 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1074671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Polygonatum sibiricum has been used as food and medicine for thousands of years, and P. sibiricum polysaccharides (PSPs) have become the hot research spot due to their various health-promoting functions. Numerous studies have shown that PSPs possess huge potential in the application of functional food and medicine fields. However, the research status and features of the preparation process, molecular structure, and bioactivities of PSPs are unclear. Therefore, this review makes a comprehensive summary and proposes new insights and guidelines for the extraction, purification, structural features, biosynthesis, and multiple bioactivities of PSPs. Notably, it is concluded that PSPs mainly contain several types of polysaccharides, including fructan, pectin, galactomannan, glucomannans, arabinogalactan, and galactan, and multiple bioactivates, including osteogenic activity, anti-obesity, anti-diabetes, anti-depression, antioxidant, antiglycation, and protective effect against neurotoxicity and gut microbiota regulating activity. This review contributes to the structure-function study and resource utilization of P. sibiricum and its polysaccharides in food fields.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Exposure and Health Intervention of Zhejiang Province, College of Biology and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Tang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Wei Tang
| | - Chao Han
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Exposure and Health Intervention of Zhejiang Province, College of Biology and Environmental Engineering, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shaoping Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Science and Technology (Nanchang), Nanchang University, Nanchang, China,Shaoping Nie
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Comparative Study of the Phytochemical Profiles of the Rhizomes of Cultivated and Wild-Grown Polygonatum sibiricum. SEPARATIONS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/separations9120398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The rhizome of Polygonatum sibiricum is a traditional Chinese medicine material and also a popular functional food consumed in China. Due to the increasing demand and overexploitation, the use of the cultivated plant is growing rapidly. However, the difference in phytochemical profile and health benefit between the cultivated and wild-grown P. sibiricum has not been revealed yet. The objectives of this study are to compare the phytochemical profiles of two types of P. sibiricum, i.e., the cultivated and the wild-grown types, by using UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS based untargeted metabolomics approach. We tentatively identified 190 phytochemicals belonging to alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolic acids, and terpenoids from both two types of samples. In general, there is distinctive difference in phytochemical profiles between these two types of samples. Specifically, 33 phytochemicals showed significant differences. Of these phytochemicals, 22 compounds, such as laetanine, p-coumaroyl-beta-D-glucose, geniposide, medicagenic acid, were significantly higher in cultivated type; 11 compounds, such as vicenin-2, kaempferol 7-neohesperidoside, vanillic acid, and obacunone, were significantly higher in wild-grown type samples. This study will expand our knowledge regarding the cultivated of P. sibiricum and facilitate its further application in pharmaceutical and food industries.
Collapse
|