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Dalby FR, Hafner SD, Ambrose HW, Adamsen APS. Pig manure degradation and carbon emission: Measuring and modeling combined aerobic-anaerobic transformations. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY 2024. [PMID: 39054634 DOI: 10.1002/jeq2.20603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Greenhouse gas emissions from liquid livestock manure storage significantly contribute to global warming. Accurate farm-scale models are essential for predicting these emissions and evaluating manure management strategies, but they rely on multiple parameters describing carbon loss dynamics. Surface respiration may significantly influence carbon loss and methane emission, yet it is not explicitly included in current models. We conducted experiments to measure pig manure surface respiration rate and its effect on organic matter degradation and methane and carbon dioxide emissions. Manure was incubated for 283 days at 10°C or 20°C under aerobic or anaerobic conditions, while measuring methane and carbon dioxide emission. This was followed by anaerobic digestion at 38°C. Surface respiration reduced the organic matter content, and the effect was temperature dependent. Methane emission was not affected by surface respiration, suggesting that substrate availability was not rate-limiting for methanogenesis. Surface respiration rates were 18.1 ± 3.5 g CO2 m-2 day-1 at 10°C and 37.1 ± 13.1 g CO2 m-2 day-1 at 20°C (mean ± standard deviation) and were consistent with microsensor measurements of oxygen consumption in different manure surfaces. Based on these results, temperature- and surface area-dependent respiration was incorporated in the existing anaerobic biodegradation model (ABM). Simulations showed that surface respiration accounts for 29% of carbon losses in a typical pig house and 8% for outdoor storage. Developing and refining algorithms for diverse carbon transformations, such as surface respiration, is crucial for evaluating the potential for methane emission and identification of variables that control emissions at the farm scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederik R Dalby
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Sasha D Hafner
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Herald W Ambrose
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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2
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Al Zahra W, Ikhsan Shiddieqy M, Anisa R, Yani A, Priyo Purwanto B. The dynamics of nitrous oxide and methane emissions from various types of dairy manure at smallholder dairy farms as affected by storage periods. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2024; 183:10-20. [PMID: 38704922 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2024.04.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Storing manure emits greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, including nitrous oxide (N2O) and methane (CH4). However, the emissions from types of manure stored at smallholder dairy farms remains unknown. Hence, the study aims to analyse the dynamics of N2O and CH4 from different types of dairy manure as affected by storage periods. We collected samples from fresh manure (FM-DF1), manure from communal ponds in an urban dairy farm (IP-DF1, FP-DF1, MS-DF1), fresh manure from an urban dairy farm (FM-DF2), and fresh (FM-DF3), separated (FS-DF3), and fermented manure (FR-DF3) from a peri-urban dairy farm, and stored them for eight weeks and analyse them using the closed chamber method. The changes of manure composition including total solids (TS), nitrogen (N), ammonia-nitrogen (N-NH3), and carbon (C) were analysed. Results indicated an increase TS in all treatments except for MS-DF1, while N, N-NH3, and C content decreased in all treatments. The N2O emissions formed at the start, peaked in the middle, and declined towards the end storage period. The CH4 emissions peaked at the start and decreased until the end storage period. Treatment FM-DF2 yield highest cumulative of N2O (0.82 g/m2) and CH4 (41.63 g/m2) compared to other fresh manure treatment. A mixed model analysis detected a significant interaction (p < 0.05) between manure types and storage periods. In conclusion, manure types and storage periods affect the emissions. Changes in manure concentration during storage and animal diets are two important factors influencing emissions. Strategies to reduce emissions include reducing moisture content in manure, shortening storage periods, and improving feed quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Windi Al Zahra
- Department of Animal Production and Technology, Faculty of Animal Science, IPB University, P.O. Box 16680, Bogor, West Java, Indonesia.
| | - Mohammad Ikhsan Shiddieqy
- Research Centre for Animal Husbandry, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), P.O Box 16911, Cibinong, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Rahma Anisa
- Department of Statistics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, IPB University, P.O Box 16680, Bogor, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Ahmad Yani
- Department of Animal Production and Technology, Faculty of Animal Science, IPB University, P.O. Box 16680, Bogor, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Bagus Priyo Purwanto
- College of Vocational Studies, IPB University, P.O Box 16128 Bogor, West Java, Indonesia
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3
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Zhao X, Hong JK, Park SY, Yun J, Jho EH. Stabilization of microbial network by co-digestion of swine manure and organic wastes. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 355:120475. [PMID: 38447511 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
The production of biogas from organic waste has attracted considerable interest as a solution to current energy and waste management challenges. This study explored the methane (CH4) production potential of swine manure (SM), food waste (FW), and tomato waste (TW) and the changes in the microbial community involved in the anaerobic digestion process. The results revealed that the CH4 production potentials of the four kinds of SM samples were influenced by the characteristics of SM (e.g., age and storage period). Among the four kinds of SM samples, the CH4 yield from the manure directly sampled from primiparous sows (SM3) was the highest. The CH4 yield was significantly improved when SM3 was co-digested with FW, but not with TW. The addition of SM fostered a stable CH4 production community by enhancing the interaction between methanogens and syntrophic bacteria. Furthermore, the addition of FW as a co-substrate may improve the functional redundancy structure of the methanogenesis-associated network. Overall, the characteristics of SM must be considered to achieve consistent CH4 yield efficiency from anaerobic digestion since CH4 production potentials of SM can be different. Also, the contribution of co-substrate to the synergistic relationship between methanogens and syntrophic bacteria can be considered when a co-substrate is selected in order to enhace CH4 yield from SM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhao
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanakgu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Kyung Hong
- Department of Environmental and Energy Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju, 26493, Republic of Korea.
| | - So Yun Park
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinhyeon Yun
- Department of Animal Science, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Hea Jho
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea; Department of Agricultural and Biological Chemistry, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea.
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4
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Petersen SO, Ma C, Hilgert JE, Mjöfors K, Sefeedpari P, Amon B, Aarnink A, Francó B, Dragoni F, Groenestein K, Gyldenkærne S, Herrmann C, Hutchings NJ, Kristensen IS, Liu J, Olesen JE, Rodhe L. In-vitro method and model to estimate methane emissions from liquid manure management on pig and dairy farms in four countries. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 353:120233. [PMID: 38330838 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Methane (CH4) emissions from manure management on livestock farms are a key source of greenhouse gas emissions in some regions and for some production systems, and the opportunities for mitigation may be significant if emissions can be adequately documented. We investigated a method for estimating CH4 emissions from liquid manure (slurry) that is based on anaerobic incubation of slurry collected from commercial farms. Methane production rates were used to derive a parameter of the Arrhenius temperature response function, lnA', representing the CH4 production potential of the slurry at the time of sampling. Results were used for parameterization of an empirical model to estimate annual emissions with daily time steps, where CH4 emissions from individual sources (barns, outside storage tanks) can be calculated separately. A monitoring program was conducted in four countries, i.e., Denmark, Sweden, Germany and the Netherlands, during a 12-month period where slurry was sampled to represent barn and outside storage on finishing pig and dairy farms. Across the four countries, lnA' was higher in pig slurry compared to cattle slurry (p < 0.01), and higher in slurry from barns compared to outside storage (p < 0.01). In a separate evaluation of the incubation method, in-vitro CH4 production rates were comparable with in-situ emissions. The results indicate that lnA' in barns increases with slurry age, probably due to growth or adaptation of the methanogenic microbial community. Using lnA' values determined experimentally, empirical models with daily time steps were constructed for finishing pig and dairy farms and used for scenario analyses. Annual emissions from pig slurry were predicted to be 2.5 times higher than those from cattle slurry. Changing the frequency of slurry export from the barn on the model pig farm from 40 to 7 d intervals reduced total annual CH4 emissions by 46 %; this effect would be much less on cattle farms with natural ventilation. In a scenario with cattle slurry, the empirical model was compared with the current IPCC methodology. The seasonal dynamics were less pronounced, and annual CH4 emissions were lower than with the current methodology, which calls for further investigations. Country-specific models for individual animal categories and point sources could be a tool for assessing CH4 emissions and mitigation potentials at farm level.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chun Ma
- Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Tjele, Denmark
| | - Julio E Hilgert
- Leibniz Institute of Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy, Potsdam, Germany
| | | | - Paria Sefeedpari
- Wageningen Livestock Research, Wageningen University and Research, the Netherlands
| | - Barbara Amon
- Leibniz Institute of Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy, Potsdam, Germany; University of Zielona Góra, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Architecture and Environmental Engineering, Zielona Góra, Poland
| | - André Aarnink
- Wageningen Livestock Research, Wageningen University and Research, the Netherlands
| | | | - Federico Dragoni
- Leibniz Institute of Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Karin Groenestein
- Wageningen Livestock Research, Wageningen University and Research, the Netherlands
| | | | - Christiane Herrmann
- Leibniz Institute of Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy, Potsdam, Germany
| | | | - Ib S Kristensen
- Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Tjele, Denmark
| | - Jing Liu
- BPC Instruments, Lund, Sweden; Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Jørgen E Olesen
- Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Tjele, Denmark
| | - Lena Rodhe
- RISE Research Institutes of Sweden, Uppsala, Sweden
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5
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Vechi NT, Falk JM, Fredenslund AM, Edjabou ME, Scheutz C. Methane emission rates averaged over a year from ten farm-scale manure storage tanks. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 904:166610. [PMID: 37640081 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Methane (CH4) emissions from animal manure stored in outdoor tanks are difficult to predict because of several influencing factors. In this study, the tracer gas dispersion method (TDM) was used to quantify CH4 emissions from ten manure storage tanks, along with the collection of supporting information, in order to identify its emission drivers. The dataset included two tanks storing dairy cattle manure, six holding pig manure, and two with digestate from manure-based biogas plants. CH4 emissions from the tanks were measured six to 14 times over a year. Emissions varied from 0.02 to 14.30 kg h-1, or when normalised by the volume of manure stored, emission factors (EFs) varied from 0.05 to 11 g m-3 h-1. Annual average CH4 EFs varied greatly between the tanks, ranging from 0.20 to 2.75 g m-3 h-1. Normalised EFs are similar to literature values for cattle and digested manure, but at the high end of the interval for pig manure. The averaged manure temperature for all tanks varied from 10.6 to 16.4 °C, which was higher than reported in a previous Danish study. Volatile solids (VS) concentration was in average higher for cattle manure (ranging from 3.1 and 4.4 %) than pig manure (ranging from 1.0 to 3.6 %). CH4 emission rates were positively correlated with manure temperature, whereas this was not the case for VS concentration. Annual average EFs were higher for pig than for cattle manure (a factor of 2.5), which was greater than digested manure emissions (a factor of 1.2). For the pig manure storage tanks, CH4 emissions were higher for covered tanks than for uncovered tanks (by a factor of 2.3). In this study, manure storage tanks showed a large disparity in emission rates, driven not only by physical factors, but also by farm management practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalia T Vechi
- Department of Environmental and Resource Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Julie M Falk
- Department of Environmental and Resource Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Anders M Fredenslund
- Department of Environmental and Resource Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Maklawe E Edjabou
- Department of Environmental and Resource Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Charlotte Scheutz
- Department of Environmental and Resource Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
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6
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Dalby FR, Ambrose HW, Poulsen JS, Nielsen JL, Adamsen APS. Pig slurry organic matter transformation and methanogenesis at ambient storage temperatures. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY 2023; 52:1139-1151. [PMID: 37703095 DOI: 10.1002/jeq2.20512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
Manure management is a significant source of global methane emissions, and there is an increased interest in understanding and predicting emissions. The hydrolysis rate of manure organic matter is critical for understanding and predicting methane emissions. We estimated hydrolysis rate constants of crude protein, fibers, and lipids and used the Arrhenius equation to describe its dependency on temperature. Simultaneously, measurements of methane emission, 13/12 C isotope ratios, and methanogen community were conducted. This was achieved by incubating fresh pig manure without inoculum at 10°C, 15°C, 20°C, and 25°C for 85 days in a lab-scale setup. Hydrolysis of hemicellulose and cellulose increased more with temperature than crude protein, but still, hydrolysis rate of crude protein was highest at all temperatures. Results suggested that crude protein consisted of multiple substrate groups displaying large differences in degradability. Lipids and lignin were not hydrolyzed during incubations. Cumulative methane emissions were 7.13 ± 2.69, 24.6 ± 8.00, 66.7 ± 4.8, and 105.7 ± 7.14 gCH4 kgVS -1 at 10°C, 15°C, 20°C, and 25°C, respectively, and methanogenic community shifted from Methanosphaera toward Methanocorpusculum over time and more quickly at higher temperatures. This study provides important parameter estimates and dependencies on temperature, which is important in mechanistic methane emission models. Further work should focus on characterizing quickly degradable substrate pools in the manure organic matter as they might be the main carbon source of methane emission from manure management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederik Rask Dalby
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Herald Wilson Ambrose
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Jeppe Lund Nielsen
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
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7
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Ma C, Guldberg LB, Hansen MJ, Feng L, Petersen SO. Frequent export of pig slurry for outside storage reduced methane but not ammonia emissions in cold and warm seasons. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2023; 169:223-231. [PMID: 37459826 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2023.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Manure management is a significant source of methane (CH4) and ammonia (NH3), and there is an urgent need for strategies to reduce these emissions. More frequent export of manure for outside storage can lower gaseous emissions from housing facilities, but the longer residence time may then increase emissions during outside storage. This study examined CH4 and NH3 emissions from liquid pig manure (pig slurry) removed from the in-house slurry collection pits at three different frequencies, i.e., three times per week (T2.3), once per week (T7), or once after 40 days (T40, reference). The slurry from treatments T2.3 and T7 was transferred for outside storage weekly over four weeks, and slurry from treatment T40 once after 40 days, in connection with summer and winter production cycles with growing-finishing pigs. The slurry was stored in pilot-scale storage tanks with solid cover and continuous ventilation. Compared to T40, the treatments T2.3 and T7 increased CH4 emissions during outside storage, but in-house emissions were reduced even more, and the net effects on total CH4 emissions from manure management (housing unit and outside storage) were reductions of 18-41% in summer and 53-83% in winter. The frequent slurry export for outside storage led to more NH3 emissions, except for the treatment T2.3, which has slurry funnel inserts beneath the slatted floor. Measurements of in-vitro CH4 production rates suggested that shorter residence time for slurry in pig houses delayed the development of active methanogenic populations, and that this contributed to the reduction of CH4 emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Ma
- Department of Agroecology, iclimate, Aarhus University, Blichers Allé 20, 8830 Tjele, Denmark.
| | - Lise Bonne Guldberg
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Aarhus University, Blichers Allé 20, 8830 Tjele, Denmark
| | - Michael Jørgen Hansen
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Aarhus University, Blichers Allé 20, 8830 Tjele, Denmark
| | - Lu Feng
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Aarhus University, Blichers Allé 20, 8830 Tjele, Denmark; Division of Environment and Natural Resources, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), 1431 Ås, Norway(1)
| | - Søren O Petersen
- Department of Agroecology, iclimate, Aarhus University, Blichers Allé 20, 8830 Tjele, Denmark
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Mumtha C, Subashri D, Mahalingam PU. Enhancing biohydrogen production from mono-substrates and co-substrates using a novel bacterial strains. 3 Biotech 2023; 13:270. [PMID: 37449248 PMCID: PMC10335983 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-023-03687-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The staggering increase in pollution associated with a sharp tightening in global energy demand is a major concern for organic substances. Renewable biofuel production through simultaneous waste reduction is a sustainable approach to meet this energy demand. This study co-fermentation of dairy whey and SCB was performed using mixed and pure bacterial cultures of Salmonella bongori, Escherichia coli, and Shewanella oneidensis by dark fermentation process for hydrogen production. The maximum H2 production was 202.7 ± 5.5 H2/mL/L, 237.3 ± 6.0 H2/mL/L, and 198 ± 9.9 H2/mL/L obtained in fermentation reactions containing dairy whey, solid and liquid hydrolysis of pretreated sugarcane bagasse as mono-substrates. The H2 production was greater in co-substrate by 347.3 ± 18.5 H2/mL/L under optimized conditions (pH 7.0, temperature 37 °C, substrate concentration 30:50 g/L) than expected in mono-substrate conditions, which confirms that co-fermentation of different substrates enhances the H2 potential. Fermentation medium during bio-H2 production under GC analysis has stated that using mixed cultures in dark fermentation favored acetic acid and butyric acid. Co-substrate degradation produces ethyl alcohol, benzoic acid, propionic acid, and butanol as metabolic by-products. The difference in the treated and untreated substrate and carbon enrichment in the substrates was evaluated by FT-IR analysis. The present study justifies that rather than the usage of mono-substrate for bio-H2 production, the co-substrate provided highly stable H2 production by mixed bacterial cultures. Fabricate the homemade single-chamber microbial fuel cell to generate electricity. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-023-03687-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelladurai Mumtha
- Department of Biology, The Gandhigram Rural Institute (Deemed to Be University), Gandhigram, Dindigul, 624 302 Tamil Nadu India
| | - Dhanasekaran Subashri
- Department of Biology, The Gandhigram Rural Institute (Deemed to Be University), Gandhigram, Dindigul, 624 302 Tamil Nadu India
| | - Pambayan Ulagan Mahalingam
- Department of Biology, The Gandhigram Rural Institute (Deemed to Be University), Gandhigram, Dindigul, 624 302 Tamil Nadu India
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Barrera-Rojas J, Gurubel-Tun KJ, Ríos-Castro E, López-Méndez MC, Sulbarán-Rangel B. An Initial Proteomic Analysis of Biogas-Related Metabolism of Euryarchaeota Consortia in Sediments from the Santiago River, México. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1640. [PMID: 37512813 PMCID: PMC10384328 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11071640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
In this paper, sediments from the Santiago River were characterized to look for an alternative source of inoculum for biogas production. A proteomic analysis of methane-processing archaea present in these sediments was carried out. The Euryarchaeota superkingdom of archaea is responsible for methane production and methane assimilation in the environment. The Santiago River is a major river in México with great pollution and exceeded recovery capacity. Its sediments could contain nutrients and the anaerobic conditions for optimal growth of Euryarchaeota consortia. Batch bioreactor experiments were performed, and a proteomic analysis was conducted with current database information. The maximum biogas production was 266 NmL·L-1·g VS-1, with 33.34% of methane, and for proteomics, 3206 proteins were detected from 303 species of 69 genera. Most of them are metabolically versatile members of the genera Methanosarcina and Methanosarcinales, both with 934 and 260 proteins, respectively. These results showed a diverse euryarcheotic species with high potential to methane production. Although related proteins were found and could be feeding this metabolism through the methanol and acetyl-CoA pathways, the quality obtained from the biogas suggests that this metabolism is not the main one in carbon use, possibly the sum of several conditions including growth conditions and the pollution present in these sediments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Barrera-Rojas
- Department of Water and Energy, Campus Tonalá, University of Guadalajara, Tonalá 45425, Mexico
| | - Kelly Joel Gurubel-Tun
- Department of Water and Energy, Campus Tonalá, University of Guadalajara, Tonalá 45425, Mexico
| | - Emmanuel Ríos-Castro
- Laboratorios Nacionales de Servicios Experimentales, Centro de Investigación y Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Ciudad de México 07000, Mexico
| | - María Cristina López-Méndez
- Wetlands and Environmental Sustainability Laboratory, Division of Graduate Studies and Research, Tecnológico Nacional de México/ITS de Misantla, Veracruz 93850, Mexico
| | - Belkis Sulbarán-Rangel
- Department of Water and Energy, Campus Tonalá, University of Guadalajara, Tonalá 45425, Mexico
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10
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Fuertes E, Balcells J, Maynegre J, de la Fuente G, Sarri L, Seradj AR. Measurement of Methane and Ammonia Emissions from Compost-Bedded Pack Systems in Dairy Barns: Tilling Effect and Seasonal Variations. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:1871. [PMID: 37889784 PMCID: PMC10252099 DOI: 10.3390/ani13111871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Dairy cattle contribute to environmental harm as a source of polluting gas emissions, mainly of enteric origin, but also from manure management, which varies among housing systems. Compost-bedded pack systems use manure as bedding material, which is composted in situ daily. As current literature referring to their impact on NH3 and CH4 emissions is scarce, this study aims to characterize the emissions of these two gases originating from three barns of this system, differentiating between two emission phases: static emission and dynamic emission. In addition, the experiment differentiated emissions between winter and summer. Dynamic emission, corresponding to the time of the day when the bed is being composted, increased over 3 and 60 times the static emission of NH3 and CH4, respectively. In terms of absolute emissions, both gases presented higher emissions during summer (1.86 to 4.08 g NH3 m-2 day-1 and 1.0 to 4.75 g CH4 m-2 day-1 for winter and summer, respectively). In this way, contaminant gases produced during the tilling process of the manure, especially during the warmer periods of the year, need to be taken into account as they work as a significant factor in emissions derived from compost-bedded pack systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joaquim Balcells
- Department of Animal Science, University of Lleida, Alcalde Rovira Roure 191, 25198 Lleida, Spain; (E.F.)
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11
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Holtkamp F, Clemens J, Trimborn M. Calcium cyanamide reduces methane and other trace gases during long-term storage of dairy cattle and fattening pig slurry. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2023; 161:61-71. [PMID: 36867942 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2023.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Calcium cyanamide (CaCN2) has been used in agriculture for more than a century as a nitrogen fertilizer with nitrification inhibiting and pest-controlling characteristics. However, in this study, a completely new application area was investigated, as CaCN2 was used as a slurry additive to evaluate its effect on the emission of ammonia and greenhouse gases (GHG) consisting of methane, carbon dioxide, and nitrous oxide. Efficiently reducing these emissions is a key challenge facing the agriculture sector, as stored slurry is a major contributor to global GHG and ammonia emissions. Therefore, dairy cattle and fattening pig slurry was treated with either 300 mg kg-1 or 500 mg kg-1 cyanamide formulated in a low-nitrate CaCN2 product (Eminex®). The slurry was stripped with nitrogen gas to remove dissolved gases and then stored for 26 weeks, during which gas volume and concentration were measured. Suppression of methane production by CaCN2 began within 45 min after application and persisted until the storage end in all variants, except in the fattening pig slurry treated with 300 mg kg-1, in which the effect faded after 12 weeks, indicating that the effect is reversible. Furthermore, total GHG emissions decreased by 99% for dairy cattle treated with 300 and 500 mg kg-1 and by 81% and 99% for fattening pig, respectively. The underlying mechanism is related to CaCN2-induced inhibition of microbial degradation of volatile fatty acids (VFA) and its conversion to methane during methanogenesis. This increases the VFA concentration in the slurry, lowering its pH and thereby reducing ammonia emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Holtkamp
- Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation, University of Bonn, Karlrobert-Kreiten-Straße 13, 53115 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Joachim Clemens
- SF-Soepenberg GmbH, Emil-Fischer-Straße 14, 46569 Hünxe, Germany.
| | - Manfred Trimborn
- Institute of Agricultural Engineering, University of Bonn, Nußallee 5, 53115 Bonn, Germany.
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12
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Dalby FR, Hansen MJ, Guldberg LB, Hafner SD, Feilberg A. Simple Management Changes Drastically Reduce Pig House Methane Emission in Combined Experimental and Modeling Study. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:3990-4002. [PMID: 36808979 PMCID: PMC9996816 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c08891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Reducing methane from livestock slurry is one of the quickest ways to counteract global warming. A straightforward strategy is to reduce slurry retention time inside pig houses by frequent transfer to outside storages, where temperature and therefore microbial activity are lower. We demonstrate three frequent slurry removal strategies in pig houses in a year-round continuous measurement campaign. Slurry funnels, slurry trays, and weekly flushing reduced slurry methane emission by 89, 81, and 53%, respectively. Slurry funnels and slurry trays reduced ammonia emission by 25-30%. An extended version of the anaerobic biodegradation model (ABM) was fitted and validated using barn measurements. It was then applied for predicting storage emission and shows that there is a risk of negating barn methane reductions due to increased emission from outside storage. Therefore, we recommend combining the removal strategies with anaerobic digestion pre-storage or storage mitigation technologies such as slurry acidification. However, even without storage mitigation technologies, predicted net methane reduction from pig houses and following outside storage was at least 30% for all slurry removal strategies.
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13
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Tedeschi LO, Abdalla AL, Álvarez C, Anuga SW, Arango J, Beauchemin KA, Becquet P, Berndt A, Burns R, De Camillis C, Chará J, Echazarreta JM, Hassouna M, Kenny D, Mathot M, Mauricio RM, McClelland SC, Niu M, Onyango AA, Parajuli R, Pereira LGR, Del Prado A, Tieri MP, Uwizeye A, Kebreab E. Quantification of methane emitted by ruminants: A review of methods. J Anim Sci 2022; 100:6601311. [PMID: 35657151 PMCID: PMC9261501 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skac197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The contribution of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from ruminant production systems varies between countries and between regions within individual countries. The appropriate quantification of GHG emissions, specifically methane (CH4), has raised questions about the correct reporting of GHG inventories and, perhaps more importantly, how best to mitigate CH4 emissions. This review documents existing methods and methodologies to measure and estimate CH4 emissions from ruminant animals and the manure produced therein over various scales and conditions. Measurements of CH4 have frequently been conducted in research settings using classical methodologies developed for bioenergetic purposes, such as gas exchange techniques (respiration chambers, headboxes). While very precise, these techniques are limited to research settings as they are expensive, labor-intensive, and applicable only to a few animals. Head-stalls, such as the GreenFeed system, have been used to measure expired CH4 for individual animals housed alone or in groups in confinement or grazing. This technique requires frequent animal visitation over the diurnal measurement period and an adequate number of collection days. The tracer gas technique can be used to measure CH4 from individual animals housed outdoors, as there is a need to ensure low background concentrations. Micrometeorological techniques (e.g., open-path lasers) can measure CH4 emissions over larger areas and many animals, but limitations exist, including the need to measure over more extended periods. Measurement of CH4 emissions from manure depends on the type of storage, animal housing, CH4 concentration inside and outside the boundaries of the area of interest, and ventilation rate, which is likely the variable that contributes the greatest to measurement uncertainty. For large-scale areas, aircraft, drones, and satellites have been used in association with the tracer flux method, inverse modeling, imagery, and LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging), but research is lagging in validating these methods. Bottom-up approaches to estimating CH4 emissions rely on empirical or mechanistic modeling to quantify the contribution of individual sources (enteric and manure). In contrast, top-down approaches estimate the amount of CH4 in the atmosphere using spatial and temporal models to account for transportation from an emitter to an observation point. While these two estimation approaches rarely agree, they help identify knowledge gaps and research requirements in practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Orlindo Tedeschi
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-2471 - USA
| | - Adibe Luiz Abdalla
- Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture, University of Sao Paulo, Piracicaba CEP 13416.000 - Brazil
| | - Clementina Álvarez
- Department of Research, TINE SA, Christian Magnus Falsens vei 12, 1433 Ås, Norway
| | - Samuel Weniga Anuga
- European University Institute (EUI), Via dei Roccettini 9, San Domenico di Fiesole (FI), Italy
| | - Jacobo Arango
- International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Km 17 Recta Cali-Palmira, A.A, 6713, Cali, Colombia
| | - Karen A Beauchemin
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Lethbridge, Alberta, Canada
| | | | - Alexandre Berndt
- Embrapa Southeast Livestock, Rod. Washington Luiz, km 234, CP 339, CEP 13.560-970. São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Robert Burns
- Biosystems Engineering and Soil Science Department, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 - USA
| | - Camillo De Camillis
- Animal Production and Health Division, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, 00153 Rome, Italy
| | - Julián Chará
- Centre for Research on Sustainable Agriculture, CIPAV, Cali 760042, Colombia
| | | | - Mélynda Hassouna
- INRAE, Institut Agro Rennes Angers, UMR SAS, F-35042, Rennes, France
| | - David Kenny
- Teagasc Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Grange, Dunsany, Co. Meath, C15PW93, Ireland
| | - Michael Mathot
- Agricultural Systems Unit, Walloon Agricultural Research Centre, rue du Serpont 100, B-6800 Libramont, Belgium
| | - Rogerio M Mauricio
- Department of Bioengineering, Federal University of São João del-Rei, São João del-Rei, MG 36307-352, Brazil
| | - Shelby C McClelland
- Animal Production and Health Division, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, 00153 Rome, Italy.,Soil & Crop Sciences, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA
| | - Mutian Niu
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, ETH Zurich, Universitaetstrasse 2, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alice Anyango Onyango
- International Livestock Research Institute, P.O Box 30709 - 00100, Naiobi, Kenya.,Maseno University, Private Bag - 40105, Maseno, Kenya
| | - Ranjan Parajuli
- EcoEngineers, 909 Locust St., Suite 202, Des Moines, IA, USA
| | | | - Agustin Del Prado
- Basque Centre For Climate Change (BC3), Leioa, Spain.,IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Maria Paz Tieri
- Dairy Value Chain Research Institute (IDICAL) (INTA-CONICET), Rafaela, Argentina
| | - Aimable Uwizeye
- Animal Production and Health Division, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, 00153 Rome, Italy
| | - Ermias Kebreab
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, Davis CA 95616 - USA
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14
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Abstract
Livestock manure is a major source of the greenhouse gases (GHGs) methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O). The emissions can be mitigated by production of biogas through anaerobic digestion (AD) of manure, mostly together with other biowastes, which can substitute fossil energy and thereby reduce CO2 emissions and postdigestion GHG emissions. This paper presents GHG balances for manure and biowaste management as affected by AD for five Danish biogas scenarios in which pig and cattle slurry were codigested with one or more of the following biomasses: deep litter, straw, energy crops, slaughterhouse waste, grass–clover green manure, and household waste. The calculated effects of AD on the GHG balance of each scenario included fossil fuel substitution, energy use for transport, leakage of CH4 from biogas production plants, CH4 emissions during storage of animal manure and biowaste, N2O emissions from stored and field applied biomass, N2O emissions related to nitrate (NO3−) leaching and ammonia (NH3) losses, N2O emissions from cultivation of energy crops, and soil C sequestration. All scenarios caused significant reductions in GHG emissions. Most of the reductions resulted from fossil fuel substitution and reduced emissions of CH4 during storage of codigestates. The total reductions in GHG emissions ranged from 65 to 105 kg CO2-eq ton−1 biomass. This wide range showed the importance of biomass composition. Reductions were highest when straw and grass–clover were used as codigestates, whereas reductions per unit energy produced were highest when deep litter or deep litter plus energy crops were used. Potential effects of iLUC were ignored but may have a negative impact on the GHG balance when using energy crops, and this may potentially exceed the calculated positive climate impacts of biogas production. The ammonia emission potential of digestate applied in the field is higher than that from cattle slurry and pig slurry because of the higher pH of the digestate. This effect, and the higher content of TAN in digestate, resulted in increasing ammonia emissions at 0.14 to 0.3 kg NH3-N ton−1 biomass. Nitrate leaching was reduced in all scenarios and ranged from 0.04 to 0.45 kg NO3-N ton−1 biomass. In the scenario in which maize silage was introduced, the maize production increased leaching and almost negated the effect of AD. Methane leakage caused a 7% reduction in the positive climate impact for each percentage point of leakage in a manure-based biogas scenario.
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15
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Dalby FR, Hafner SD, Petersen SO, Vanderzaag A, Habtewold J, Dunfield K, Chantigny MH, Sommer SG. A mechanistic model of methane emission from animal slurry with a focus on microbial groups. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0252881. [PMID: 34111183 PMCID: PMC8191904 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0252881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Liquid manure (slurry) from livestock releases methane (CH4) that contributes significantly to global warming. Existing models for slurry CH4 production-used for mitigation and inventories-include effects of organic matter loading, temperature, and retention time but cannot predict important effects of management, or adequately capture essential temperature-driven dynamics. Here we present a new model that includes multiple methanogenic groups whose relative abundance shifts in response to changes in temperature or other environmental conditions. By default, the temperature responses of five groups correspond to those of four methanogenic species and one uncultured methanogen, although any number of groups could be defined. We argue that this simple mechanistic approach is able to describe both short- and long-term responses to temperature where other existing approaches fall short. The model is available in the open-source R package ABM (https://github.com/sashahafner/ABM) as a single flexible function that can include effects of slurry management (e.g., removal frequency and treatment methods) and changes in environmental conditions over time. Model simulations suggest that the reduction of CH4 emission by frequent emptying of slurry pits is due to washout of active methanogens. Application of the model to represent a full-scale slurry storage tank showed it can reproduce important trends, including a delayed response to temperature changes. However, the magnitude of predicted emission is uncertain, primarily as a result of sensitivity to the hydrolysis rate constant, due to a wide range in reported values. Results indicated that with additional work-particularly on the magnitude of hydrolysis rate-the model could be a tool for estimation of CH4 emissions for inventories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederik R. Dalby
- Department of Biotechnology and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- * E-mail: (SDH); (FRD); (SGS)
| | - Sasha D. Hafner
- Department of Biotechnology and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Hafner Consulting LLC, Reston, Virginia, United States of America
- * E-mail: (SDH); (FRD); (SGS)
| | | | - Andrew Vanderzaag
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Jemaneh Habtewold
- Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Kari Dunfield
- School of Environmental Science, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada
| | - Martin H. Chantigny
- Quebec Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Quebec, Canada
| | - Sven G. Sommer
- Department of Biotechnology and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- * E-mail: (SDH); (FRD); (SGS)
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