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Le LNH, Munir J, Kim EB, Ryu S. Kidney Cancer and Potential Use of Urinary Extracellular Vesicles. Oncol Rev 2024; 18:1410450. [PMID: 38846051 PMCID: PMC11153667 DOI: 10.3389/or.2024.1410450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Kidney cancer is the 14th most common cancer globally. The 5-year relative survival rate of kidney cancer at a localized stage is 92.9% and it declines to 17.4% in metastatic stage. Currently, the most accurate method of its diagnosis is tissue biopsy. However, the invasive and costly nature of biopsies makes it undesirable in many patients. Therefore, novel biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis should be explored. Urinary extracellular vesicles (uEVs) are small vesicles (50-200 nm) in urine carrying nucleic acids, proteins and lipids as their cargos. These uEVs' cargos can provide non-invasive alternative to monitor kidney health. In this review, we have summarized recent studies investigating potential use of uEVs' cargos as biomarkers in kidney cancer for diagnosis, prognosis and therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linh Nguy-Hoang Le
- Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Med-Bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Javaria Munir
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
| | - Eun-Bit Kim
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Med-Bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongho Ryu
- Department of Integrated Biomedical Science, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Med-Bio Science (SIMS), Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
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Liu C, Yazdani N, Moran CS, Salomon C, Seneviratne CJ, Ivanovski S, Han P. Unveiling clinical applications of bacterial extracellular vesicles as natural nanomaterials in disease diagnosis and therapeutics. Acta Biomater 2024; 180:18-45. [PMID: 38641182 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2024.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Bacterial extracellular vesicles (BEVs) are naturally occurring bioactive membrane-bound nanoparticles released by both gram-negative and gram-positive bacterial species, exhibiting a multifaceted role in mediating host-microbe interactions across various physiological conditions. Increasing evidence supports BEVs as essential mediators of cell-to-cell communicaiton, influencing bacterial pathogenicity, disease mechanisms, and modulating the host immune response. However, the extent to which these BEV-mediated actions can be leveraged to predict disease onset, guide treatment strategies, and determine clinical outcomes remains uncertain, particularly in terms of their clinical translation potentials. This review briefly describes BEV biogenesis and their internalisation by recipient cells and summarises methods for isolation and characterization, essential for understanding their composition and cargo. Further, it discusses the potential of biofluid-associated BEVs as biomarkers for various diseases, spanning both cancer and non-cancerous conditions. Following this, we outline the ongoing human clinical trials of using BEVs for vaccine development. In addition to disease diagnostics, this review explores the emerging research of using natural or engineered BEVs as smart nanomaterials for applications in anti-cancer therapy and bone regeneration. This discussion extends to key factors for unlocking the clinical potential of BEVs, such as standardization of BEV isolation and characterisation, as well as other hurdles in translating these findings to the clinical setting. We propose that addressing these hurdles through collaborative research efforts and well-designed clinical trials holds the key to fully harnessing the clinical potential of BEVs. As this field advances, this review suggests that BEV-based nanomedicine has the potential to revolutionize disease management, paving the way for innovative diagnosis, therapeutics, and personalized medicine approaches. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Extracellular vesicles (EVs) from both host cells and bacteria serve as multifunctional biomaterials and are emerging in the fields of biomedicine, bioengineering, and biomaterials. However, the majority of current studies focus on host-derived EVs, leaving a gap in comprehensive research on bacteria-derived EVs (BEVs). Although BEVs offer an attractive option as nanomaterials for drug delivery systems, their unique nanostructure and easy-to-modify functions make them a potential method for disease diagnosis and treatment as well as vaccine development. Our work among the pioneering studies investigating the potential of BEVs as natural nanobiomaterials plays a crucial role in both understanding the development of diseases and therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Liu
- The University of Queensland, School of Dentistry, Centre for Oralfacial Regeneration, Rehabilitation and Reconstruction (COR3), Epigenetics Nanodiagnostic and Therapeutic Group, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia
| | - Negar Yazdani
- The University of Queensland, School of Dentistry, Centre for Oralfacial Regeneration, Rehabilitation and Reconstruction (COR3), Epigenetics Nanodiagnostic and Therapeutic Group, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia
| | - Corey S Moran
- The University of Queensland, School of Dentistry, Centre for Oralfacial Regeneration, Rehabilitation and Reconstruction (COR3), Epigenetics Nanodiagnostic and Therapeutic Group, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia
| | - Carlos Salomon
- Translational Extracellular Vesicles in Obstetrics and Gynae-Oncology Group, The University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4029 Australia
| | - Chaminda Jayampath Seneviratne
- The University of Queensland, School of Dentistry, Centre for Oralfacial Regeneration, Rehabilitation and Reconstruction (COR3), Epigenetics Nanodiagnostic and Therapeutic Group, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia
| | - Sašo Ivanovski
- The University of Queensland, School of Dentistry, Centre for Oralfacial Regeneration, Rehabilitation and Reconstruction (COR3), Epigenetics Nanodiagnostic and Therapeutic Group, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia.
| | - Pingping Han
- The University of Queensland, School of Dentistry, Centre for Oralfacial Regeneration, Rehabilitation and Reconstruction (COR3), Epigenetics Nanodiagnostic and Therapeutic Group, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia.
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Noonin C, Itsaranawet T, Thongboonkerd V. Calcium oxalate crystal-induced secretome derived from proximal tubular cells, not that from distal tubular cells, induces renal fibroblast activation. Eur J Med Res 2023; 28:150. [PMID: 37031165 PMCID: PMC10082508 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-023-01109-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kidney stone disease (KSD) is commonly accompanied with renal fibrosis, characterized by accumulation and reorganization of extracellular matrix (ECM). During fibrogenesis, resident renal fibroblasts are activated to become myofibroblasts that actively produce ECM. However, such fibroblast-myofibroblast differentiation in KSD remained unclear. Our present study thus examined effects of secreted products (secretome) derived from proximal (HK-2) vs. distal (MDCK) renal tubular cells exposed to calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) crystals on activation of renal fibroblasts (BHK-21). METHODS HK-2 and MDCK cells were treated with 100 µg/ml COM crystals under serum-free condition for 16 h. In parallel, the cells maintained in serum-free medium without COM treatment served as the control. Secretome derived from culture supernatant of each sample was mixed (1:1) with fresh serum-free medium and then used for BHK-21 culture for another 24 h. RESULTS Analyses revealed that COM-treated-HK-2 secretome significantly induced proliferation, caused morphological changes, increased spindle index, and upregulated fibroblast-activation markers (F-actin, α-SMA and fibronectin) in BHK-21 cells. However, COM-treated-MDCK secretome had no significant effects on these BHK-21 parameters. Moreover, level of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), a profibrotic factor, significantly increased in the COM-treated-HK-2 secretome but not in the COM-treated-MDCK secretome. CONCLUSIONS These data indicate, for the first time, that proximal and distal tubular epithelial cells exposed to COM crystals send different messages to resident renal fibroblasts. Only the secretome derived from proximal tubular cells, not that from the distal cells, induces renal fibroblast activation after their exposure to COM crystals. Such differential effects are partly due to TGF-β1 secretion, which is induced by COM crystals only in proximal tubular cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chadanat Noonin
- Medical Proteomics Unit, Research Department, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, 6th Floor - SiMR Building, 2 Wanglang Road, Bangkoknoi, 10700, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Tanakorn Itsaranawet
- Biological Sciences Program, Mahidol University International College, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Visith Thongboonkerd
- Medical Proteomics Unit, Research Department, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, 6th Floor - SiMR Building, 2 Wanglang Road, Bangkoknoi, 10700, Bangkok, Thailand.
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