1
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Increased temperature during incubation increases the sociality of male broilers in later life. Appl Anim Behav Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.applanim.2022.105815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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2
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Salgado Pardo JI, Navas González FJ, González Ariza A, Arando Arbulu A, León Jurado JM, Delgado Bermejo JV, Camacho Vallejo ME. Traditional sexing methods and external egg characteristics combination allow highly accurate early sex determination in an endangered native turkey breed. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:948502. [PMID: 36046507 PMCID: PMC9420986 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.948502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Early sex determination methods are not only crucial in the worldwide massive poultry industry, but also for small-holder producers. The profitability of sexing techniques must be accounted for when aiming to boost management, nutrition, and conservation practices in endangered poultry breeds. This becomes pivotal when the local breed dealt with belongs to an understudied species, such as the turkey. So, the main objective of this study is to identify which method combination may report a higher likelihood of successful sex determination in poults across the three-pattern varieties of the Andalusian turkey breed. A total of 84 one to two days old Andalusian turkey poults (42 black, 28 black-roan, and 14 bronze-roan) were evaluated in this study. Sex determination was performed using 15 methods, which included testing external egg metrics and eggshell color, poult morphological appraisal and phaneroptics, and behavioral traits. Possible differences across plumage varieties and the interaction between sex and plumage were observed when external egg quality was measured. Sex determination through behavioral methods in black base feathered (black and black-roan) male sex individuals showed seven times higher sensitivity when compared to the rest of the studied individuals (χ2 = 7.14, df = 1, P < 0.01). In contrast, for the black-roan plumage females, the method based on the color of down feathers was approximately four times more sensitive (χ2 = 3.95, df = 1, P ≤ 0.05). For the bronze-roan pattern, none of the sexing techniques was reported to efficiently predict sex itself. However, the most proper method combination to determine sex, independent of plumage color, was physical external egg characteristics, the color of down feathers, and behavioral approaches (“English method” and “slap technique”). The specificity values were found to be 49.12, 93.33, and 100%, while the sensitivity values were observed to be 74.64, 91.03, and 100%, which translated into accuracy of 63.10, 92.26, and 100% in black, black-roan, and bronze-roan poults, respectively. Our results suggest that the method combination tested in this study could be considered a highly accurate, simple, and affordable alternative for sex determination in turkeys. This could mean a pivotal advance for small producers of turkeys, as early sex detection can help to plan timely conservational management strategies, which is of prominent importance in the context of endangered poultry breeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. I. Salgado Pardo
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Francisco Javier Navas González
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- Department of Agriculture and Ecological Husbandry, Area of Agriculture and Environment, Andalusian Institute of Agricultural and Fisheries Research and Training (IFAPA), Córdoba, Spain
- *Correspondence: Francisco Javier Navas González
| | - Antonio González Ariza
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- Antonio González Ariza
| | - A. Arando Arbulu
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - J. M. León Jurado
- Agropecuary Provincial Centre, Córdoba Provincial Government, Córdoba, Spain
| | - J. V. Delgado Bermejo
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - M. E. Camacho Vallejo
- Department of Agriculture and Ecological Husbandry, Area of Agriculture and Environment, Andalusian Institute of Agricultural and Fisheries Research and Training (IFAPA), Córdoba, Spain
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3
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Verlinden SMD, Larsen MLV, Debontridder P, Youssef A, Everaert N, Norton T. Effect of lower temperature stimuli during incubation on fear and social-related behaviours in broilers. Appl Anim Behav Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.applanim.2022.105572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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4
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Harrison LM, Noble DWA, Jennions MD. A meta-analysis of sex differences in animal personality: no evidence for the greater male variability hypothesis. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2021; 97:679-707. [PMID: 34908228 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The notion that men are more variable than women has become embedded into scientific thinking. For mental traits like personality, greater male variability has been partly attributed to biology, underpinned by claims that there is generally greater variation among males than females in non-human animals due to stronger sexual selection on males. However, evidence for greater male variability is limited to morphological traits, and there is little information regarding sex differences in personality-like behaviours for non-human animals. Here, we meta-analysed sex differences in means and variances for over 2100 effects (204 studies) from 220 species (covering five broad taxonomic groups) across five personality traits: boldness, aggression, activity, sociality and exploration. We also tested if sexual size dimorphism, a proxy for sex-specific sexual selection, explains variation in the magnitude of sex differences in personality. We found no significant differences in personality between the sexes. In addition, sexual size dimorphism did not explain variation in the magnitude of the observed sex differences in the mean or variance in personality for any taxonomic group. In sum, we find no evidence for widespread sex differences in variability in non-human animal personality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren M Harrison
- Division of Ecology and Evolution, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, 46 Sullivans Creek Road, Canberra, ACT, 2600, Australia
| | - Daniel W A Noble
- Division of Ecology and Evolution, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, 46 Sullivans Creek Road, Canberra, ACT, 2600, Australia
| | - Michael D Jennions
- Division of Ecology and Evolution, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, 46 Sullivans Creek Road, Canberra, ACT, 2600, Australia
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Aigueperse N, Houdelier C, Nicolle C, Lumineau S. Mothers provide similar care to related and unrelated chicks in quail. Appl Anim Behav Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.applanim.2020.105107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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6
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Chicks from stressed females elicit overprotective behaviour in adoptive mother quail. Behav Processes 2020; 179:104193. [DOI: 10.1016/j.beproc.2020.104193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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7
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Hope SF, Kennamer RA, Grimaudo AT, Hallagan JJ, Hopkins WA. Incubation Temperature Affects Duckling Body Size and Food Consumption Despite No Effect on Associated Feeding Behaviors. Integr Org Biol 2020; 2:obaa003. [PMID: 33791547 PMCID: PMC7671149 DOI: 10.1093/iob/obaa003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Developmental conditions can have consequences for offspring fitness. For example, small changes (<1°C) in average avian incubation temperature have large effects on important post-hatch offspring phenotypes, including growth rate, thermoregulation, and behavior. Furthermore, average incubation temperatures differ among eggs within the same nest, to the extent (i.e., >1°C) that differences in offspring phenotypes within broods should result. A potential consequence of within-nest incubation temperature variation is inequality in behaviors that could cause differences in resource acquisition within broods. To investigate this, we incubated wood duck (Aix sponsa) eggs at one of two ecologically-relevant incubation temperatures (35°C or 36°C), formed mixed-incubation temperature broods after ducklings hatched, and conducted trials to measure duckling behaviors associated with acquisition of heat (one trial) or food (three trials). Contrary to our predictions, we found no effect of incubation temperature on duckling behaviors (e.g., time spent occupying heat source, frequency of feeding bouts). However, we found evidence that ducklings incubated at the higher temperature consumed more food during the 1-h feeding trials, and grew faster in body mass and structural size (culmen and tarsus) throughout the study, than those incubated at the lower temperature. Apparent food consumption during the trials was positively related to culmen length, suggesting that differences in food consumption may be driven by structural size. This could result in positive feedback, which would amplify size differences between offspring incubated at different temperatures. Thus, our study identifies incubation temperature as a mechanism by which fitness-related phenotypic differences can be generated and even amplified within avian broods.
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Affiliation(s)
- S F Hope
- Department of Fish and Wildlife Conservation, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - R A Kennamer
- Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, University of Georgia, Aiken, SC, USA
| | - A T Grimaudo
- Department of Fish and Wildlife Conservation, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - J J Hallagan
- Department of Fish and Wildlife Conservation, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - W A Hopkins
- Department of Fish and Wildlife Conservation, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
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Pittet F, Tyson C, Herrington JA, Houdelier C, Lumineau S. Postnatal care generates phenotypic behavioural correlations in the Japanese quail. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-019-2735-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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9
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Aigueperse N, Houdelier C, Nicolle C, Lumineau S. Mother-chick interactions are affected by chicks' sex and brood composition in Japanese quail. Dev Psychobiol 2019; 61:832-842. [PMID: 30895607 DOI: 10.1002/dev.21848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Sex is a trait which leads mothers to invest asymmetrically in their young, especially in species with a strong dimorphism. Authors usually consider that members of the largest sex require the most investment by mothers. In other cases, mothers care preferentially for members of the sex that increase their fitness, e.g. males, in numerous species. In quail, a precocial bird, mother seems to take more care of their males which are more sensitive to their separation. This study investigates the influence of chicks' sex and brood's sexual composition on the maternal behavior of quail. We evaluated three batches of mothers, composed of (a) unisex broods of males (MM), (b) unisex broods of females (FF), and (c) mixed sex broods (Mx). We recorded mother-chick interactions during 11 days of mothering. We found that MM mothers spent more time warming their chicks and FF mothers were more active. Moreover, females rejected more aggressively and earlier their female chicks than their male chicks. Finally, Mx chicks, whatever their sex, interacted more with their mothers. Our results highlight a greater quantity and quality of maternal care towards male. Mothers invest more in male chicks. We discussed results in terms of each sex's needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadège Aigueperse
- Ethos (Ethologie animale et humaine), Univ Rennes, Normandie Univ, CNRS, Rennes, France
| | - Cécilia Houdelier
- Ethos (Ethologie animale et humaine), Univ Rennes, Normandie Univ, CNRS, Rennes, France
| | - Céline Nicolle
- Ethos (Ethologie animale et humaine), Univ Rennes, Normandie Univ, CNRS, Rennes, France
| | - Sophie Lumineau
- Ethos (Ethologie animale et humaine), Univ Rennes, Normandie Univ, CNRS, Rennes, France
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Hope SF, Kennamer RA, Moore IT, Hopkins WA. Incubation temperature influences the behavioral traits of a young precocial bird. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY PART 2018; 329:191-202. [PMID: 29806120 DOI: 10.1002/jez.2176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 04/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The environment in which animals develop can have important consequences for their phenotype. In reptiles, incubation temperature is a critical aspect of the early developmental environment. Incubation temperature influences morphology, physiology, and behavior of non-avian reptiles, however, little is known about how incubation temperature influences offspring phenotype and behaviors important to avian survival. To investigate whether incubation temperature influences avian behaviors, we collected wood duck (Aix sponsa) eggs from the field and incubated them at three naturally occurring incubation temperatures (35.0, 35.8, and 37.0°C). We conducted multiple repeated behavioral trials on individual ducklings between 5 and 15 days post-hatch to assess activity, exploratory, and boldness behaviors, classified along a proactive-reactive continuum. We measured growth rates and circulating levels of baseline and stress-induced corticosterone levels to investigate possible physiological correlates of behavior. Ducklings incubated at the lowest temperature displayed more proactive behaviors than those incubated at the two higher temperatures. We also found that younger ducklings exhibited more proactive behavior than older ducklings and males exhibited more proactive behavior than females. Further, duckling behaviors were repeatable across time and contexts, indicative of a proactive-reactive continuum of behavioral tendencies. However, neither corticosterone levels nor growth rates were related to behavior. This provides some of the first evidence that incubation temperature, a critical parental effect, influences avian offspring behaviors that may be important for survival. Our results identify incubation temperature as a mechanism that contributes to the development of behavioral traits and, in part, explains how multiple behavioral types may be maintained within populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sydney F Hope
- Department of Fish and Wildlife Conservation, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia
| | - Robert A Kennamer
- Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, University of Georgia, Aiken, South Carolina
| | - Ignacio T Moore
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia
| | - William A Hopkins
- Department of Fish and Wildlife Conservation, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia
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11
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Aigueperse N, Pittet F, Nicolle C, Houdelier C, Lumineau S. Maternal care affects chicks' development differently according to sex in quail. Dev Psychobiol 2018; 60:1048-1056. [PMID: 29344942 DOI: 10.1002/dev.21597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Revised: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Maternal behavior is known to influence the behavioral development of young. Recently, it was demonstrated that maternal behavior also differed according to sex of chicks and brood sex composition. So, here, we explored if these factors influenced behavioral development of quail chicks when they were brooded, and what characteristics of chicks and foster females could best explain this development. We studied three sets of chick pairs brooded by foster females: unisex male, unisex female, and mixed broods. We found that both emotivity profile and sociality depended on the sex: females were more reactive and less social than males. Females' emotivity profile was correlated with brood composition and foster female activity during maternal care. In males, only sociality was correlated with foster females' scores of aggressive rejection. Our results evidence that male and female chicks respond differentially to maternal behavior. This is discussed in terms of ecological and physiological constraints on development according to sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadège Aigueperse
- Université de Rennes 1, UMR 6552 Ethologie Animale et Humaine, Rennes, France.,CNRS, UMR 6552 Ethologie Animale et Humaine, Rennes, France
| | - Florent Pittet
- Université de Rennes 1, UMR 6552 Ethologie Animale et Humaine, Rennes, France.,CNRS, UMR 6552 Ethologie Animale et Humaine, Rennes, France
| | - Céline Nicolle
- Université de Rennes 1, UMR 6552 Ethologie Animale et Humaine, Rennes, France.,CNRS, UMR 6552 Ethologie Animale et Humaine, Rennes, France
| | - Cécilia Houdelier
- Université de Rennes 1, UMR 6552 Ethologie Animale et Humaine, Rennes, France.,CNRS, UMR 6552 Ethologie Animale et Humaine, Rennes, France
| | - Sophie Lumineau
- Université de Rennes 1, UMR 6552 Ethologie Animale et Humaine, Rennes, France.,CNRS, UMR 6552 Ethologie Animale et Humaine, Rennes, France
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12
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Pittet F, Houdelier C, Le Bot O, Leterrier C, Lumineau S. Fearfulness affects quail maternal care and subsequent offspring development. PLoS One 2014; 9:e102800. [PMID: 25033292 PMCID: PMC4102550 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0102800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2014] [Accepted: 06/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Our study investigated relationships between a precocial bird’s fearfulness and maternal care, and the implication of maternal care as a vector for non-genomic transmission of fearfulness to chicks. We compared care given to chicks between two sets of female Japanese quail selected to present either high (LTI) or low fearfulness (STI). Chicks, from a broiler line, were adopted by these females following a sensitization procedure. Chicks’ fearfulness after separation from their mother was assessed by well-established procedures. LTIs took longer to present maternal responses, pecked chicks more during the first days post-hatch, presented impaired maternal vocal behaviour and were globally less active than STI females. Chicks mothered by LTIs presented more fearful reactions than did chicks mothered by STIs, supporting the hypothesis of a non-genetic maternal transmission of fearfulness. We suggest that the longer latencies required by LTIs to become maternal are a consequence of their greater fear of chicks, and that their lower general and vocal activity could be components of a heightened antipredatory strategy. We discuss the transmission of maternal fearfulness to fostered chicks, taking into account the possible implication of several well-known mechanisms underlying maternal effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florent Pittet
- Université Rennes 1, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 6552 « Ethos », Rennes, France
| | - Cécilia Houdelier
- Université Rennes 1, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 6552 « Ethos », Rennes, France
| | - Océane Le Bot
- Université Rennes 1, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 6552 « Ethos », Rennes, France
| | - Christine Leterrier
- Institut National de la Recharche Agronomique, Unité mixte de Recherche 85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Nouzilly, France
| | - Sophie Lumineau
- Université Rennes 1, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 6552 « Ethos », Rennes, France
- * E-mail:
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