1
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Melnikov NP, Lavrov AI. Cell cycle dynamics of food-entrapping cells of sponges: an experimental approach. FEBS J 2024; 291:2405-2422. [PMID: 38401057 DOI: 10.1111/febs.17098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
Sponges (phylum Porifera) exhibit surprisingly complex tissue dynamics, maintaining constant cell turnover and migration, rearranging internal structures, and regenerating after severe injuries. Such tissue plasticity relies on the activity of proliferating cells represented primarily by the food-entrapping cells, choanocytes. Although there are plenty of studies regarding the dynamics of regeneration and tissue rearrangement in sponges, cell cycle kinetics of choanocytes in intact tissues remains a controversial issue. This study is devoted to the comparative description of choanocyte cell cycle dynamics in intact tissues of two sponges, Halisarca dujardinii (class Demospongiae) and Leucosolenia corallorrhiza (class Calcarea). We have identified populations of proliferating cells and synchronized them in the S-phase to estimate the growth fraction of cycling cells. Using continuous exposure to labeled thymidine analog ethynyl deoxyuridine (EdU), we calculated choanocyte cell cycle duration and the length of the S phase. We also applied double labeling with EdU and antibodies against phosphorylated histone 3 to estimate the lengths of choanocyte M and G2 phases. Finally, flow-cytometry-based quantitative analysis of DNA content provided us with the lengths of G2 and G1 phases. We found that tissue growth and renewal in the studied sponges are generally maintained by a relatively large population of slowly cycling choanocytes with a total cell cycle duration of 40 h in H. dujardinii and 60 h in L. corallorrhiza. In both species, choanocytes are characterized by an extremely short M-phase and heterogeneity in the duration of the G2 phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolai P Melnikov
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Biological Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Russia
| | - Andrey I Lavrov
- Pertsov White Sea Biological Station, Biological Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Russia
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2
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Rosner A, Ballarin L, Barnay-Verdier S, Borisenko I, Drago L, Drobne D, Concetta Eliso M, Harbuzov Z, Grimaldi A, Guy-Haim T, Karahan A, Lynch I, Giulia Lionetto M, Martinez P, Mehennaoui K, Oruc Ozcan E, Pinsino A, Paz G, Rinkevich B, Spagnuolo A, Sugni M, Cambier S. A broad-taxa approach as an important concept in ecotoxicological studies and pollution monitoring. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2024; 99:131-176. [PMID: 37698089 DOI: 10.1111/brv.13015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Aquatic invertebrates play a pivotal role in (eco)toxicological assessments because they offer ethical, cost-effective and repeatable testing options. Additionally, their significance in the food chain and their ability to represent diverse aquatic ecosystems make them valuable subjects for (eco)toxicological studies. To ensure consistency and comparability across studies, international (eco)toxicology guidelines have been used to establish standardised methods and protocols for data collection, analysis and interpretation. However, the current standardised protocols primarily focus on a limited number of aquatic invertebrate species, mainly from Arthropoda, Mollusca and Annelida. These protocols are suitable for basic toxicity screening, effectively assessing the immediate and severe effects of toxic substances on organisms. For more comprehensive and ecologically relevant assessments, particularly those addressing long-term effects and ecosystem-wide impacts, we recommended the use of a broader diversity of species, since the present choice of taxa exacerbates the limited scope of basic ecotoxicological studies. This review provides a comprehensive overview of (eco)toxicological studies, focusing on major aquatic invertebrate taxa and how they are used to assess the impact of chemicals in diverse aquatic environments. The present work supports the use of a broad-taxa approach in basic environmental assessments, as it better represents the natural populations inhabiting various ecosystems. Advances in omics and other biochemical and computational techniques make the broad-taxa approach more feasible, enabling mechanistic studies on non-model organisms. By combining these approaches with in vitro techniques together with the broad-taxa approach, researchers can gain insights into less-explored impacts of pollution, such as changes in population diversity, the development of tolerance and transgenerational inheritance of pollution responses, the impact on organism phenotypic plasticity, biological invasion outcomes, social behaviour changes, metabolome changes, regeneration phenomena, disease susceptibility and tissue pathologies. This review also emphasises the need for harmonised data-reporting standards and minimum annotation checklists to ensure that research results are findable, accessible, interoperable and reusable (FAIR), maximising the use and reusability of data. The ultimate goal is to encourage integrated and holistic problem-focused collaboration between diverse scientific disciplines, international standardisation organisations and decision-making bodies, with a focus on transdisciplinary knowledge co-production for the One-Health approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amalia Rosner
- Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, National Institute of Oceanography, PO 2336 Sha'ar Palmer 1, Haifa, 3102201, Israel
| | - Loriano Ballarin
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, via Ugo Bassi 58/B, Padova, I-35121, Italy
| | - Stéphanie Barnay-Verdier
- Sorbonne Université; CNRS, INSERM, Université Côte d'Azur, Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging Nice, 28 avenue Valombrose, Nice, F-06107, France
| | - Ilya Borisenko
- Faculty of Biology, Department of Embryology, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya embankment 7/9, Saint Petersburg, 199034, Russia
| | - Laura Drago
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, via Ugo Bassi 58/B, Padova, I-35121, Italy
| | - Damjana Drobne
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 111, Ljubljana, 1111, Slovenia
| | - Maria Concetta Eliso
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Naples, 80121, Italy
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Zoya Harbuzov
- Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, National Institute of Oceanography, PO 2336 Sha'ar Palmer 1, Haifa, 3102201, Israel
- Leon H. Charney School of Marine Sciences, Department of Marine Biology, University of Haifa, 199 Aba Koushy Ave., Haifa, 3498838, Israel
| | - Annalisa Grimaldi
- Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences, University of Insubria, Via J. H. Dunant, Varese, 3-21100, Italy
| | - Tamar Guy-Haim
- Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, National Institute of Oceanography, PO 2336 Sha'ar Palmer 1, Haifa, 3102201, Israel
| | - Arzu Karahan
- Middle East Technical University, Institute of Marine Sciences, Erdemli-Mersin, PO 28, 33731, Turkey
| | - Iseult Lynch
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Maria Giulia Lionetto
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, via prov. le Lecce -Monteroni, Lecce, I-73100, Italy
- NBFC, National Biodiversity Future Center, Piazza Marina, 61, Palermo, I-90133, Italy
| | - Pedro Martinez
- Department de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, Barcelona, 08028, Spain
- Institut Català de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Passeig de Lluís Companys, Barcelona, 08010, Spain
| | - Kahina Mehennaoui
- Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN) Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), 41, rue du Brill, Belvaux, L-4422, Luxembourg
| | - Elif Oruc Ozcan
- Faculty of Arts and Science, Department of Biology, Cukurova University, Balcali, Saricam, Adana, 01330, Turkey
| | - Annalisa Pinsino
- National Research Council, Institute of Translational Pharmacology (IFT), National Research Council (CNR), Via Ugo La Malfa 153, Palermo, 90146, Italy
| | - Guy Paz
- Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, National Institute of Oceanography, PO 2336 Sha'ar Palmer 1, Haifa, 3102201, Israel
| | - Baruch Rinkevich
- Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, National Institute of Oceanography, PO 2336 Sha'ar Palmer 1, Haifa, 3102201, Israel
| | - Antonietta Spagnuolo
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Naples, 80121, Italy
| | - Michela Sugni
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of Milan, Via Celoria 26, Milan, 20133, Italy
| | - Sébastien Cambier
- Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN) Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), 41, rue du Brill, Belvaux, L-4422, Luxembourg
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3
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Ruiz-Trillo I, Kin K, Casacuberta E. The Origin of Metazoan Multicellularity: A Potential Microbial Black Swan Event. Annu Rev Microbiol 2023; 77:499-516. [PMID: 37406343 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-micro-032421-120023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of animals from their unicellular ancestors is a major evolutionary event. Thanks to the study of diverse close unicellular relatives of animals, we now have a better grasp of what the unicellular ancestor of animals was like. However, it is unclear how that unicellular ancestor of animals became the first animals. To explain this transition, two popular theories, the choanoblastaea and the synzoospore, have been proposed. We will revise and expose the flaws in these two theories while showing that, due to the limits of our current knowledge, the origin of animals is a biological black swan event. As such, the origin of animals defies retrospective explanations. Therefore, we should be extra careful not to fall for confirmation biases based on few data and, instead, embrace this uncertainty and be open to alternative scenarios. With the aim to broaden the potential explanations on how animals emerged, we here propose two novel and alternative scenarios. In any case, to find the answer to how animals evolved, additional data will be required, as will the hunt for microscopic creatures that are closely related to animals but have not yet been sampled and studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iñaki Ruiz-Trillo
- Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (CSIC-Universitat Pompeu Fabra), Barcelona, Spain;
- ICREA, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Koryu Kin
- Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (CSIC-Universitat Pompeu Fabra), Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Elena Casacuberta
- Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (CSIC-Universitat Pompeu Fabra), Barcelona, Spain;
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4
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Riesgo A, Santodomingo N, Koutsouveli V, Kumala L, Leger MM, Leys SP, Funch P. Molecular machineries of ciliogenesis, cell survival, and vasculogenesis are differentially expressed during regeneration in explants of the demosponge Halichondria panicea. BMC Genomics 2022; 23:858. [PMID: 36581804 PMCID: PMC9798719 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-09035-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Sponges are interesting animal models for regeneration studies, since even from dissociated cells, they are able to regenerate completely. In particular, explants are model systems that can be applied to many sponge species, since small fragments of sponges can regenerate all elements of the adult, including the oscula and the ability to pump water. The morphological aspects of regeneration in sponges are relatively well known, but the molecular machinery is only now starting to be elucidated for some sponge species. Here, we have used an explant system of the demosponge Halichondria panicea to understand the molecular machinery deployed during regeneration of the aquiferous system. We sequenced the transcriptomes of four replicates of the 5-day explant without an osculum (NOE), four replicates of the 17-18-day explant with a single osculum and pumping activity (PE) and also four replicates of field-collected individuals with regular pumping activity (PA), and performed differential gene expression analysis. We also described the morphology of NOE and PE samples using light and electron microscopy. Our results showed a highly disorganised mesohyl and disarranged aquiferous system in NOE that is coupled with upregulated pathways of ciliogenesis, organisation of the ECM, and cell proliferation and survival. Once the osculum is formed, genes involved in "response to stimulus in other organisms" were upregulated. Interestingly, the main molecular machinery of vasculogenesis described in vertebrates was activated during the regeneration of the aquiferous system. Notably, vasculogenesis markers were upregulated when the tissue was disorganised and about to start forming canals (NOE) and angiogenic stimulators and ECM remodelling machineries were differentially expressed once the aquiferous system was in place (PE and PA). Our results are fundamental to better understanding the molecular mechanisms involved in the formation of the aquiferous system in sponges, and its similarities with the early onset of blood-vessel formation in animal evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Riesgo
- Department of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (CSIC), Calle José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, 28006, Madrid, Spain.
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London, SW5 7BD, UK.
| | - Nadia Santodomingo
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London, SW5 7BD, UK
- Department of Earth Sciences, Oxford University, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3AN, UK
| | - Vasiliki Koutsouveli
- Marine Symbioses Research Unit, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Düsternbrooker Weg 20, D-24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Lars Kumala
- Nordcee, Department of Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230, Odense M, Denmark
- Marine Biological Research Center, University of Southern Denmark, Hindsholmvej 11, 5300, Kerteminde, Denmark
| | - Michelle M Leger
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology (CSIC-UPF), Paseo Marítimo de la Barceloneta 37-49, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sally P Leys
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, 11455 Saskatchewan Drive, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - Peter Funch
- Department of Biology, Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade, 114-116, Aarhus C, Denmark
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5
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Schmittmann L, Rahn T, Busch K, Fraune S, Pita L, Hentschel U. Stability of a dominant sponge-symbiont in spite of antibiotic-induced microbiome disturbance. Environ Microbiol 2022; 24:6392-6410. [PMID: 36250983 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.16249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Marine sponges are known for their complex and stable microbiomes. However, the lack of a gnotobiotic sponge-model and experimental methods to manipulate both the host and the microbial symbionts currently limit our mechanistic understanding of sponge-microbial symbioses. We have used the North Atlantic sponge species Halichondria panicea to evaluate the use of antibiotics to generate gnotobiotic sponges. We further asked whether the microbiome can be reestablished via recolonization with the natural microbiome. Experiments were performed in marine gnotobiotic facilities equipped with a custom-made, sterile, flow-through aquarium system. Bacterial abundance dynamics were monitored qualitatively and quantitatively by 16 S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing and qPCR, respectively. Antibiotics induced dysbiosis by favouring an increase of opportunistic, antibiotic-resistant bacteria, resulting in more complex, but less specific bacteria-bacteria interactions than in untreated sponges. The abundance of the dominant symbiont, Candidatus Halichondribacter symbioticus, remained overall unchanged, reflecting its obligately symbiotic nature. Recolonization with the natural microbiome could not reverse antibiotic-induced dysbiosis. However, single bacterial taxa that were transferred, successfully recolonized the sponge and affected bacteria-bacteria interactions. By experimentally manipulating microbiome composition, we could show the stability of a sponge-symbiont clade despite microbiome dysbiosis. This study contributes to understanding both host-bacteria and bacteria-bacteria interactions in the sponge holobiont.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Schmittmann
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, RD3 Marine Ecology, RU Marine Symbioses, Kiel, Germany
| | - Tanja Rahn
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, RD3 Marine Ecology, RU Marine Symbioses, Kiel, Germany
| | - Kathrin Busch
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, RD3 Marine Ecology, RU Marine Symbioses, Kiel, Germany
| | - Sebastian Fraune
- Heinrich-Heine-University, Zoology and Organismic Interactions, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Lucía Pita
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, RD3 Marine Ecology, RU Marine Symbioses, Kiel, Germany.,Institut de Ciències del Mar - CSIC, Marine Biology and Oceanography, Marine Biogeochemistry, Atmosphere and Climate, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ute Hentschel
- GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, RD3 Marine Ecology, RU Marine Symbioses, Kiel, Germany.,Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
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6
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Li P, Chen Y. Progress in Modeling Neural Tube Development and Defects by Organoid Reconstruction. Neurosci Bull 2022; 38:1409-1419. [PMID: 35753025 PMCID: PMC9672182 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-022-00896-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
It is clear that organoids are useful for studying the structure as well as the functions of organs and tissues; they are able to simulate cell-to-cell interactions, symmetrical and asymmetric division, proliferation, and migration of different cell groups. Some progress has been made using brain organoids to elucidate the genetic basis of certain neurodevelopmental disorders. Such as Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease. However, research on organoids in early neural development has received insufficient attention, especially that focusing on neural tube precursors. In this review, we focus on the recent research progress on neural tube organoids and discuss both their challenges and potential solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research and Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Yongchang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research and Institute of Primate Translational Medicine, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China.
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Primate Biomedical Research, Kunming, 650500, China.
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7
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Vujovic F, Hunter N, Farahani RM. Cellular self-organization: An overdrive in Cambrian diversity? Bioessays 2022; 44:e2200033. [PMID: 35900058 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202200033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Revised: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
During the early Cambrian period metazoan life forms diverged at an accelerated rate to occupy multiple ecological niches on earth. A variety of explanations have been proposed to address this major evolutionary phenomenon termed the "Cambrian explosion." While most hypotheses address environmental, developmental, and ecological factors that facilitated evolutionary innovations, the biological basis for accelerated emergence of species diversity in the Cambrian period remains largely conjectural. Herein, we posit that morphogenesis by self-organization enables the uncoupling of genomic mutational landscape from phenotypic diversification. Evidence is provided for a two-tiered interpretation of genomic changes in metazoan animals wherein mutations not only impact upon function of individual cells, but also alter the self-organization outcome during developmental morphogenesis. We provide evidence that the morphological impacts of mutations on self-organization could remain repressed if associated with an unmet negative energetic cost. We posit that accelerated morphological diversification in transition to the Cambrian period has occurred by emergence of dormant (i.e., reserved) morphological novelties whose molecular underpinnings were seeded in the Precambrian period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filip Vujovic
- IDR/Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Neil Hunter
- IDR/Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ramin M Farahani
- IDR/Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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8
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Rumney RMH, Robson SC, Kao AP, Barbu E, Bozycki L, Smith JR, Cragg SM, Couceiro F, Parwani R, Tozzi G, Stuer M, Barber AH, Ford AT, Górecki DC. Biomimetic generation of the strongest known biomaterial found in limpet tooth. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3753. [PMID: 35798724 PMCID: PMC9263180 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31139-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The biomaterial with the highest known tensile strength is a unique composite of chitin and goethite (α-FeO(OH)) present in teeth from the Common Limpet (Patella vulgata). A biomimetic based on limpet tooth, with corresponding high-performance mechanical properties is highly desirable. Here we report on the replication of limpet tooth developmental processes ex vivo, where isolated limpet tissue and cells in culture generate new biomimetic structures. Transcriptomic analysis of each developmental stage of the radula, the organ from which limpet teeth originate, identifies sequential changes in expression of genes related to chitin and iron processing. We quantify iron and chitin metabolic processes in the radula and grow isolated radula cells in vitro. Bioinspired material can be developed with electrospun chitin mineralised by conditioned media from cultured radula cells. Our results inform molecular processes behind the generation of limpet tooth and establish a platform for development of a novel biomimetic with comparable properties. The highest tensile strength biomaterial known exists in limpet teeth and replicating this material is of interest. Here, the authors report on the ex vivo growth of teeth and use of isolated limpet tissue and cells providing foundations for the development of this high-tensile biomaterial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin M H Rumney
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, St Michael's Building, White Swan Road, Portsmouth, PO1 2DT, UK
| | - Samuel C Robson
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, St Michael's Building, White Swan Road, Portsmouth, PO1 2DT, UK.,Centre for Enzyme Innovation, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, PO1 2DT, UK.,School of Biological Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, PO1 2DY, UK
| | - Alexander P Kao
- Zeiss Global Centre, School of Mechanical and Design Engineering, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, PO1 3DJ, UK
| | - Eugen Barbu
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, St Michael's Building, White Swan Road, Portsmouth, PO1 2DT, UK
| | - Lukasz Bozycki
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, St Michael's Building, White Swan Road, Portsmouth, PO1 2DT, UK.,Laboratory of Biochemistry of Lipids, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Warsaw, Poland
| | - James R Smith
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, St Michael's Building, White Swan Road, Portsmouth, PO1 2DT, UK
| | - Simon M Cragg
- Institute of Marine Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, PO4 9LY, UK
| | - Fay Couceiro
- School of Civil Engineering and Surveying, University of Portsmouth, Portland Building, Portland St, Portsmouth, PO3 1AH, UK
| | - Rachna Parwani
- Zeiss Global Centre, School of Mechanical and Design Engineering, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, PO1 3DJ, UK.,Carl Zeiss X-ray Microscopy, Pleasanton, CA, USA
| | - Gianluca Tozzi
- Zeiss Global Centre, School of Mechanical and Design Engineering, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, PO1 3DJ, UK
| | - Michael Stuer
- EMPA, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, Überlandstrasse 129, 8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Asa H Barber
- Zeiss Global Centre, School of Mechanical and Design Engineering, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, PO1 3DJ, UK.,School of Engineering, London South Bank University, 103 Borough Road, London, SE10AA, UK
| | - Alex T Ford
- Institute of Marine Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, PO4 9LY, UK
| | - Dariusz C Górecki
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Portsmouth, St Michael's Building, White Swan Road, Portsmouth, PO1 2DT, UK.
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9
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Marine Sponge Endosymbionts: Structural and Functional Specificity of the Microbiome within
Euryspongia arenaria
Cells. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0229621. [PMID: 35499324 PMCID: PMC9241883 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02296-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Sponge microbiomes are typically profiled by analyzing the community DNA of whole tissues, which does not distinguish the taxa residing within sponge cells from extracellular microbes. To uncover the endosymbiotic microbiome, we separated the sponge cells to enrich the intracellular microbes. The intracellular bacterial community of sponge Euryspongia arenaria was initially assessed by amplicon sequencing, which indicated that it hosts three unique phyla not found in the extracellular and bulk tissue microbiomes. These three phyla account for 66% of the taxonomically known genera in the intracellular microbiome. The shotgun metagenomic analysis extended the taxonomic coverage to viruses and eukaryotes, revealing the most abundant signature taxa specific to the intracellular microbiome. Functional KEGG pathway annotation demonstrated that the endosymbiotic microbiome hosted the greatest number of unique gene orthologs. The pathway profiles distinguished the intra- and extracellular microbiomes from the tissue and seawater microbiomes. Carbohydrate-active enzyme analysis further discriminated each microbiome based on their representative and dominant enzyme families. One pathway involved in digestion system and family esterase had a consistently higher level in intracellular microbiome and could statistically differentiate the intracellular microbiome from the others, suggesting that triacylglycerol lipases could be the key functional component peculiar to the endosymbionts. The identified higher abundance of lipase-related eggNOG categories further supported the lipid-hydrolyzing metabolism of endosymbiotic microbiota. Pseudomonas members, reported as lipase-producing bacteria, were only in the endosymbiotic microbiome, meanwhile Pseudomonas also showed a greater abundance intracellularly. Our study aided a comprehensive sponge microbiome that demonstrated the taxonomic and functional specificity of endosymbiotic microbiota. IMPORTANCE Sponges host abundant microbial symbionts that can produce an impressive number of novel bioactive metabolites. However, knowledge on intracellular (endosymbiotic) microbiota is scarce. We characterize the composition and function of the endosymbiotic microbiome by separation of sponge cells and enrichment of intracellular microbes. We uncover a noteworthy number of taxa exclusively in the endosymbiotic microbiome. We unlock the unique pathways and enzymes of endosymbiotic taxa. This study achieves a more comprehensive sponge microbial community profile, which demonstrates the structural and functional specificity of the endosymbiotic microbiome. Our findings not only open the possibility to reveal the low abundant and the likely missed microbiota when directly sequencing the sponge bulk tissues, but also warrant future in-depth exploration within single sponge cells.
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10
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Borisenko I, Daugavet M, Ereskovsky A, Lavrov A, Podgornaya O. Novel protein from larval sponge cells, ilborin, is related to energy turnover and calcium binding and is conserved among marine invertebrates. Open Biol 2022; 12:210336. [PMID: 35193395 PMCID: PMC8864356 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.210336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Sponges (phylum Porifera) are early-branching animals, whose outwardly simple body plan is underlain by a complex genetic repertoire. The transition from a mobile larva to an attached filter-feeding organism occurs by metamorphosis, a process accompanied by a radical change of the body plan and cell transdifferentiation. The continuity between larval cells and adult tissues is still obscure. In a previous study, we have produced polyclonal antibodies against the major protein of the flagellated cells covering the larva of the sponge Halisarca dujardini, used them to trace the fate of these cells and shown that the larval flagellated cells transdifferentiate into the choanocytes. In the present work, we identified the sequence of this novel protein, which we named ilborin. A search in the open databases showed that multiple orthologues of the newly identified protein are present in sponges, cnidarians, flatworms, ctenophores and echinoderms, but none of them has been described yet. Ilborin has two conserved domains: triosephosphate isomerase-barrel, which has enzymatic activity against macroergic compounds, and canonical EF-hand, which binds calcium. mRNA of ilborin is expressed in the larval flagellated cells. We suggest that the new protein is involved in the calcium-mediated regulation of energy metabolism, whose activation precedes metamorphosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilya Borisenko
- Department of Embryology, Faculty of Biology, Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Maria Daugavet
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Alexander Ereskovsky
- Department of Embryology, Faculty of Biology, Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russia,Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d'Ecologie Marine et Continentale (IMBE), Université d' Aix-Marseille, CNRS, IRD, Marseille, France,Evolution of Morphogenesis Laboratory, Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey Lavrov
- Pertsov White Sea Biological Station, Biological Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Olga Podgornaya
- Department of Embryology, Faculty of Biology, Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russia,Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg, Russia
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11
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Martinez P, Ballarin L, Ereskovsky AV, Gazave E, Hobmayer B, Manni L, Rottinger E, Sprecher SG, Tiozzo S, Varela-Coelho A, Rinkevich B. Articulating the "stem cell niche" paradigm through the lens of non-model aquatic invertebrates. BMC Biol 2022; 20:23. [PMID: 35057814 PMCID: PMC8781081 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-022-01230-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cells (SCs) in vertebrates typically reside in "stem cell niches" (SCNs), morphologically restricted tissue microenvironments that are important for SC survival and proliferation. SCNs are broadly defined by properties including physical location, but in contrast to vertebrates and other "model" organisms, aquatic invertebrate SCs do not have clearly documented niche outlines or properties. Life strategies such as regeneration or asexual reproduction may have conditioned the niche architectural variability in aquatic or marine animal groups. By both establishing the invertebrates SCNs as independent types, yet allowing inclusiveness among them, the comparative analysis will allow the future functional characterization of SCNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Martinez
- Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.
- Institut Català de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain.
| | - L Ballarin
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35100, Padova, Italy
| | - A V Ereskovsky
- Aix Marseille University, Avignon Université, CNRS, IRD, IMBE, Marseille, France
- St. Petersburg State University, Biological Faculty, Universitetskaya emb. 7/9, St. Petersburg, 199034, Russia
- N. K. Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova Street 26, Moscow, 119334, Russia
| | - E Gazave
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, F-75006, Paris, France
| | - B Hobmayer
- Department of Zoology and Center of Molecular Biosciences, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstr. 25, 6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - L Manni
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35100, Padova, Italy
| | - E Rottinger
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, INSERM, Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging, Nice (IRCAN), Nice, France
- Université Côte d'Azur, Federative Research Institute - Marine Resources (IFR MARRES), Nice, France
| | - S G Sprecher
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Chemin du Musee 10, 1700, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - S Tiozzo
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement de Villefranche-sur-mer (LBDV), Paris, France
| | - A Varela-Coelho
- ITQB NOVA, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Av. da República, 2780-157, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - B Rinkevich
- Israel Oceanography and Limnological Research, National Institute of Oceanography, Tel Shikmona, P.O. Box 8030, 31080, Haifa, Israel.
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12
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Abstract
Sponges (Porifera), basal nonbilaterian metazoans, are well known for their high regenerative capacities ranging from reparation of a lost body wall to whole-body regeneration from a small piece of tissues or even from dissociated cells. Sponges from different clades utilize different cell sources and various morphological processes to complete the regeneration. This variety makes these animals promising models for studying the evolution of regeneration in Metazoa. However, there are few publications concerning the regenerative mechanisms in sponges. This could be partially explained by the delicacy of sponge tissues, which requires modifying and fine adjusting of common research protocols. The current chapter describes various methods for studying regeneration processes in the marine calcareous sponge, Leucosolenia. Provided protocols span all significant research steps: from sponge collection and surgical operations to various types of microscopy and immunohistochemical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey I Lavrov
- Pertsov White Sea Biological Station, Biological Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.
- Department of Embryology, Faculty of Biology, Saint-Petersburg State University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia.
| | - Alexander V Ereskovsky
- Department of Embryology, Faculty of Biology, Saint-Petersburg State University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia.
- Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d'Ecologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Aix Marseille University, CNRS, IRD, Avignon University, Station Marine d'Endoume, Marseille, France.
- Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
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13
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Abstract
In his prominent book Regeneration (1901), T.H. Morgan's collected and synthesized theoretical and experimental findings from a diverse array of regenerating animals and plants. Through his endeavor, he introduced a new way to study regeneration and its evolution, setting a conceptual framework that still guides today's research and that embraces the contemporary evolutionary and developmental approaches.In the first part of the chapter, we summarize Morgan's major tenets and use it as a narrative thread to advocate interpreting regenerative biology through the theoretical tools provided by evolution and developmental biology, but also to highlight potential caveats resulting from the rapid proliferation of comparative studies and from the expansion of experimental laboratory models. In the second part, we review some experimental evo-devo approaches, highlighting their power and some of their interpretative dangers. Finally, in order to further understand the evolution of regenerative abilities, we portray an adaptive perspective on the evolution of regeneration and suggest a framework for investigating the adaptive nature of regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexandre Alié
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement de Villefranche-sur-Mer (LBDV), Villefranche-sur-Mer, France
| | - Stefano Tiozzo
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement de Villefranche-sur-Mer (LBDV), Villefranche-sur-Mer, France.
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14
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Kravchuk OI, Burakov AV, Gornostaev NG, Mikhailov KV, Adameyko KI, Finoshin AD, Georgiev AA, Mikhailov VS, Yeryukova YE, Rubinovsky GA, Zayts DV, Gazizova GR, Gusev OA, Shagimardanova EI, Lyupina YV. Histone Deacetylases in the Process of Halisarca dujardini Cell Reaggregation. Russ J Dev Biol 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1062360421050052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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15
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3-D Culture of Marine Sponge Cells for Production of Bioactive Compounds. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:md19100569. [PMID: 34677467 PMCID: PMC8540762 DOI: 10.3390/md19100569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Production of sponge-derived bioactive compounds in vitro has been proposed as an alternative to wild harvest, aquaculture, and chemical synthesis to meet the demands of clinical drug development and manufacture. Until recently, this was not possible because there were no marine invertebrate cell lines. Recent breakthroughs in the development of sponge cell lines and rapid cell division in improved nutrient media now make this approach a viable option. We hypothesized that three-dimensional (3-D) cell cultures would better represent how sponges function in nature, including the production of bioactive compounds. We successfully cultured sponge cells in 3-D matrices using FibraCel® disks, thin hydrogel layers, and gel microdroplets (GMDs). For in vitro production of bioactive compounds, the use of GMDs is recommended. Nutrients and sponge products rapidly diffuse into and out of the 3-D matrix, the GMDs may be scaled up in spinner flasks, and cells and/or secreted products can be easily recovered. Research on scale-up and production is in progress in our laboratory.
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16
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Rinkevich B, Ballarin L, Martinez P, Somorjai I, Ben-Hamo O, Borisenko I, Berezikov E, Ereskovsky A, Gazave E, Khnykin D, Manni L, Petukhova O, Rosner A, Röttinger E, Spagnuolo A, Sugni M, Tiozzo S, Hobmayer B. A pan-metazoan concept for adult stem cells: the wobbling Penrose landscape. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2021; 97:299-325. [PMID: 34617397 PMCID: PMC9292022 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Adult stem cells (ASCs) in vertebrates and model invertebrates (e.g. Drosophila melanogaster) are typically long‐lived, lineage‐restricted, clonogenic and quiescent cells with somatic descendants and tissue/organ‐restricted activities. Such ASCs are mostly rare, morphologically undifferentiated, and undergo asymmetric cell division. Characterized by ‘stemness’ gene expression, they can regulate tissue/organ homeostasis, repair and regeneration. By contrast, analysis of other animal phyla shows that ASCs emerge at different life stages, present both differentiated and undifferentiated phenotypes, and may possess amoeboid movement. Usually pluri/totipotent, they may express germ‐cell markers, but often lack germ‐line sequestering, and typically do not reside in discrete niches. ASCs may constitute up to 40% of animal cells, and participate in a range of biological phenomena, from whole‐body regeneration, dormancy, and agametic asexual reproduction, to indeterminate growth. They are considered legitimate units of selection. Conceptualizing this divergence, we present an alternative stemness metaphor to the Waddington landscape: the ‘wobbling Penrose’ landscape. Here, totipotent ASCs adopt ascending/descending courses of an ‘Escherian stairwell’, in a lifelong totipotency pathway. ASCs may also travel along lower stemness echelons to reach fully differentiated states. However, from any starting state, cells can change their stemness status, underscoring their dynamic cellular potencies. Thus, vertebrate ASCs may reflect just one metazoan ASC archetype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baruch Rinkevich
- Israel Oceanographic & Limnological Research, National Institute of Oceanography, POB 9753, Tel Shikmona, Haifa, 3109701, Israel
| | - Loriano Ballarin
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, Padova, 35121, Italy
| | - Pedro Martinez
- Departament de Genètica, Microbiologia i Estadística, Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Diagonal 643, Barcelona, 08028, Spain.,Institut Català de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Passeig Lluís Companys 23, Barcelona, 08010, Spain
| | - Ildiko Somorjai
- School of Biology, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9ST, Scotland, UK
| | - Oshrat Ben-Hamo
- Israel Oceanographic & Limnological Research, National Institute of Oceanography, POB 9753, Tel Shikmona, Haifa, 3109701, Israel
| | - Ilya Borisenko
- Department of Embryology, Faculty of Biology, Saint-Petersburg State University, University Embankment, 7/9, Saint-Petersburg, 199034, Russia
| | - Eugene Berezikov
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, Groningen, 9713 AV, The Netherlands
| | - Alexander Ereskovsky
- Department of Embryology, Faculty of Biology, Saint-Petersburg State University, University Embankment, 7/9, Saint-Petersburg, 199034, Russia.,Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d'Ecologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Aix Marseille University, CNRS, IRD, Avignon University, Jardin du Pharo, 58 Boulevard Charles Livon, Marseille, 13007, France.,Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Ulitsa Vavilova, 26, Moscow, 119334, Russia
| | - Eve Gazave
- Université de Paris, CNRS, Institut Jacques Monod, Paris, F-75006, France
| | - Denis Khnykin
- Department of Pathology, Oslo University Hospital, Bygg 19, Gaustad Sykehus, Sognsvannsveien 21, Oslo, 0188, Norway
| | - Lucia Manni
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, Padova, 35121, Italy
| | - Olga Petukhova
- Collection of Vertebrate Cell Cultures, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tikhoretsky Ave. 4, St. Petersburg, 194064, Russia
| | - Amalia Rosner
- Israel Oceanographic & Limnological Research, National Institute of Oceanography, POB 9753, Tel Shikmona, Haifa, 3109701, Israel
| | - Eric Röttinger
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, INSERM, Institute for Research on Cancer and Aging, Nice (IRCAN), Nice, 06107, France.,Université Côte d'Azur, Federative Research Institute - Marine Resources (IFR MARRES), 28 Avenue de Valrose, Nice, 06103, France
| | - Antonietta Spagnuolo
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Villa Comunale, Naples, 80121, Italy
| | - Michela Sugni
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy (ESP), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, Milan, 20133, Italy
| | - Stefano Tiozzo
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biologie du Développement de Villefranche-sur-mer (LBDV), 06234 Villefranche-sur-Mer, Villefranche sur Mer, Cedex, France
| | - Bert Hobmayer
- Institute of Zoology and Center for Molecular Biosciences, University of Innsbruck, Technikerstr, Innsbruck, 256020, Austria
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17
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Vernale A, Prünster MM, Marchianò F, Debost H, Brouilly N, Rocher C, Massey-Harroche D, Renard E, Le Bivic A, Habermann BH, Borchiellini C. Evolution of mechanisms controlling epithelial morphogenesis across animals: new insights from dissociation-reaggregation experiments in the sponge Oscarella lobularis. BMC Ecol Evol 2021; 21:160. [PMID: 34418961 PMCID: PMC8380372 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-021-01866-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ancestral presence of epithelia in Metazoa is no longer debated. Porifera seem to be one of the best candidates to be the sister group to all other Metazoa. This makes them a key taxon to explore cell-adhesion evolution on animals. For this reason, several transcriptomic, genomic, histological, physiological and biochemical studies focused on sponge epithelia. Nevertheless, the complete and precise protein composition of cell-cell junctions and mechanisms that regulate epithelial morphogenetic processes still remain at the center of attention. RESULTS To get insights into the early evolution of epithelial morphogenesis, we focused on morphogenic characteristics of the homoscleromorph sponge Oscarella lobularis. Homoscleromorpha are a sponge class with a typical basement membrane and adhaerens-like junctions unknown in other sponge classes. We took advantage of the dynamic context provided by cell dissociation-reaggregation experiments to explore morphogenetic processes in epithelial cells in a non-bilaterian lineage by combining fluorescent and electron microscopy observations and RNA sequencing approaches at key time-points of the dissociation and reaggregation processes. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that part of the molecular toolkit involved in the loss and restoration of epithelial features such as cell-cell and cell-matrix adhesion is conserved between Homoscleromorpha and Bilateria, suggesting their common role in the last common ancestor of animals. In addition, sponge-specific genes are differently expressed during the dissociation and reaggregation processes, calling for future functional characterization of these genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amélie Vernale
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IRD, IMBE UMR 7263, Avignon Université, Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d'Ecologie Marine et Continentale, Station Marine d'Endoume, Marseille, France
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, UMR 7288, Developmental Biology Institute of Marseille Luminy (IBDM), Marseille, France
| | - Maria Mandela Prünster
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, UMR 7288, Developmental Biology Institute of Marseille Luminy (IBDM), Marseille, France
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, UMR 7288, Developmental Biology Institute of Marseille Luminy (IBDM), Turing Center for Living Systems (CENTURI), Marseille, France
| | - Fabio Marchianò
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, UMR 7288, Developmental Biology Institute of Marseille Luminy (IBDM), Turing Center for Living Systems (CENTURI), Marseille, France
| | - Henry Debost
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, UMR 7288, Developmental Biology Institute of Marseille Luminy (IBDM), Marseille, France
| | - Nicolas Brouilly
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, UMR 7288, Developmental Biology Institute of Marseille Luminy (IBDM), Marseille, France
| | - Caroline Rocher
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IRD, IMBE UMR 7263, Avignon Université, Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d'Ecologie Marine et Continentale, Station Marine d'Endoume, Marseille, France
| | - Dominique Massey-Harroche
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, UMR 7288, Developmental Biology Institute of Marseille Luminy (IBDM), Marseille, France
| | - Emmanuelle Renard
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IRD, IMBE UMR 7263, Avignon Université, Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d'Ecologie Marine et Continentale, Station Marine d'Endoume, Marseille, France
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, UMR 7288, Developmental Biology Institute of Marseille Luminy (IBDM), Marseille, France
| | - André Le Bivic
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, UMR 7288, Developmental Biology Institute of Marseille Luminy (IBDM), Marseille, France
| | - Bianca H Habermann
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, UMR 7288, Developmental Biology Institute of Marseille Luminy (IBDM), Marseille, France.
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, UMR 7288, Developmental Biology Institute of Marseille Luminy (IBDM), Turing Center for Living Systems (CENTURI), Marseille, France.
| | - Carole Borchiellini
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IRD, IMBE UMR 7263, Avignon Université, Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d'Ecologie Marine et Continentale, Station Marine d'Endoume, Marseille, France.
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18
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Expression of Wnt and TGF-Beta Pathway Components during Whole-Body Regeneration from Cell Aggregates in Demosponge Halisarca dujardinii. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12060944. [PMID: 34203064 PMCID: PMC8235796 DOI: 10.3390/genes12060944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The phenomenon of whole-body regeneration means rebuilding of the whole body of an animal from a small fragment or even a group of cells. In this process, the old axial relationships are often lost, and new ones are established. An amazing model for studying this process is sponges, some of which are able to regenerate into a definitive organism after dissociation into cells. We hypothesized that during the development of cell aggregates, primmorphs, new axes are established due to the activation of the Wnt and TGF-beta signaling pathways. Using in silico analysis, RNA-seq, and whole-mount in situ hybridization, we identified the participants in these signaling pathways and determined the spatiotemporal changes in their expression in demosponge Halisarca dujardinii. It was shown that Wnt and TGF-beta ligands are differentially expressed during primmorph development, and transcripts of several genes are localized at the poles of primmorphs, in the form of a gradient. We suppose that the Wnt and TGF-beta signaling cascades are involved in the initial axial patterning of the sponge body, which develops from cells after dissociation.
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Song Y, Qu Y, Cao X, Zhang W, Zhang F, Linhardt RJ, Yang Q. Cultivation of fractionated cells from a bioactive-alkaloid-bearing marine sponge Axinella sp. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2021; 57:539-549. [PMID: 33948851 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-021-00578-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Sponges are among the most primitive multicellular organisms and well-known as a major source of marine natural products. Cultivation of sponge cells has long been an attractive topic due to the prominent evolutionary and cytological significance of sponges and as a potential approach to supply sponge-derived compounds. Sponge cell culture is carried out through culturing organized cell aggregates called 'primmorphs.' Most research culturing sponge cells has used unfractionated cells to develop primmorphs. In the current study, a tropical marine sponge Axinella sp., which contains the bioactive alkaloids, debromohymenialdisine (DBH), and hymenialdisine (HD), was used to obtain fractionated cells and the corresponding primmorphs. These alkaloids, DBH and HD, reportedly show pharmacological activities for treating osteoarthritis and Alzheimer's disease. Three different cell fractions were obtained, including enriched spherulous cells, large mesohyl cells, and small epithelial cells. These cell fractions were cultivated separately, forming aggregates that later developed into different kinds of primmorphs. The three kinds of primmorphs obtained were compared as regards to appearance, morphogenesis, and cellular composition. Additionally, the amount of alkaloid in the primmorphs-culture system was examined over a 30-d culturing period. During the culturing of enriched spherulous cells and developed primmorphs, the total amount of alkaloid declined notably. In addition, the speculation of alkaloid secretion and some phenomena that occurred during cell culturing are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuefan Song
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing and Utilization of Liaoning Province, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China.
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA.
| | - Yi Qu
- Dalian Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian, China
| | - Xupeng Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Centre for Marine Bioproducts Development, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Fuming Zhang
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA
| | - Robert J Linhardt
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA
| | - Qi Yang
- Center for Marine Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Oncogene and Related Genes, Department of Pharmacy, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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20
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Ereskovsky A, Borisenko IE, Bolshakov FV, Lavrov AI. Whole-Body Regeneration in Sponges: Diversity, Fine Mechanisms, and Future Prospects. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:506. [PMID: 33805549 PMCID: PMC8066720 DOI: 10.3390/genes12040506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
While virtually all animals show certain abilities for regeneration after an injury, these abilities vary greatly among metazoans. Porifera (Sponges) is basal metazoans characterized by a wide variety of different regenerative processes, including whole-body regeneration (WBR). Considering phylogenetic position and unique body organization, sponges are highly promising models, as they can shed light on the origin and early evolution of regeneration in general and WBR in particular. The present review summarizes available data on the morphogenetic and cellular mechanisms accompanying different types of WBR in sponges. Sponges show a high diversity of WBR, which principally could be divided into (1) WBR from a body fragment and (2) WBR by aggregation of dissociated cells. Sponges belonging to different phylogenetic clades and even to different species and/or differing in the anatomical structure undergo different morphogeneses after similar operations. A common characteristic feature of WBR in sponges is the instability of the main body axis: a change of the organism polarity is described during all types of WBR. The cellular mechanisms of WBR are different across sponge classes, while cell dedifferentiations and transdifferentiations are involved in regeneration processes in all sponges. Data considering molecular regulation of WBR in sponges are extremely scarce. However, the possibility to achieve various types of WBR ensured by common morphogenetic and cellular basis in a single species makes sponges highly accessible for future comprehensive physiological, biochemical, and molecular studies of regeneration processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Ereskovsky
- Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d’Ecologie Marine et Continentale (IMBE), Aix Marseille University, CNRS, IRD, Station Marine d’Endoume, Rue de la Batterie des Lions, Avignon University, 13007 Marseille, France
- Department of Embryology, Faculty of Biology, Saint-Petersburg State University, 199034 Saint-Petersburg, Russia;
- Evolution of Morphogenesis Laboratory, Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology of Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ilya E. Borisenko
- Department of Embryology, Faculty of Biology, Saint-Petersburg State University, 199034 Saint-Petersburg, Russia;
| | - Fyodor V. Bolshakov
- Pertsov White Sea Biological Station, Biological Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119192 Moscow, Russia; (F.V.B.); (A.I.L.)
| | - Andrey I. Lavrov
- Pertsov White Sea Biological Station, Biological Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119192 Moscow, Russia; (F.V.B.); (A.I.L.)
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Lavrov AI, Saidov DM, Bolshakov FV, Kosevich IA. Intraspecific variability of cell reaggregation during reproduction cycle in sponges. ZOOLOGY 2020; 140:125795. [DOI: 10.1016/j.zool.2020.125795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2019] [Revised: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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22
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Markl JS, Müller WEG, Sereno D, Elkhooly TA, Kokkinopoulou M, Gardères J, Depoix F, Wiens M. A synthetic biology approach for the fabrication of functional (fluorescent magnetic) bioorganic–inorganic hybrid materials in sponge primmorphs. Biotechnol Bioeng 2020; 117:1789-1804. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.27310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julia S. Markl
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University Medical CenterJohannes Gutenberg‐UniversityMainz Germany
| | - Werner E. G. Müller
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University Medical CenterJohannes Gutenberg‐UniversityMainz Germany
| | - Dayane Sereno
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University Medical CenterJohannes Gutenberg‐UniversityMainz Germany
| | - Tarek A. Elkhooly
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University Medical CenterJohannes Gutenberg‐UniversityMainz Germany
| | | | - Johan Gardères
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University Medical CenterJohannes Gutenberg‐UniversityMainz Germany
| | - Frank Depoix
- Institute of ZoologyJohannes Gutenberg‐UniversityMainz Germany
| | - Matthias Wiens
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University Medical CenterJohannes Gutenberg‐UniversityMainz Germany
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23
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Masangkay FR, Milanez GD, Tsiami A, Somsak V, Kotepui M, Tangpong J, Karanis P. First report of Cryptosporidium hominis in a freshwater sponge. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 700:134447. [PMID: 31677419 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Identification of Cryptosporidium oocyst is essential in ensuring water quality fit for human use, consumption, and recreation. This communication proposes the supplemental analysis of substrate-associated biofilms, in particular, freshwater sponges in improving case finding of waterborne-protozoan pathogens (WBPP) in environmental aquatic samples. In this study, a small portion of a mature freshwater sponge under the Genus Spongilla was subjected to microscopic and molecular analysis to identify the presence of Cryptosporidium. Microscopic screening with modified Kinyoun's staining (MK) and microscopic confirmation using direct antibody fluorescent testing (IFT) returned with Cryptosporidium spp. positive findings. Molecular investigation resulted in the confirmation of Cryptosporidium hominis upon sequencing of PCR products and phylogenetic analysis. This is the first report of a pathogenic protozoan, C. hominis isolated from a freshwater sponge. The results of this study provide evidence of the value of expanding water quality assessment strategies to the analysis of substrate-associated biofilms and sponges in improving case finding of WBPP in natural aquatic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederick R Masangkay
- Biomedical Sciences Program, School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand; Department of Medical Technology, Institute of Arts and Sciences, Far Eastern University-Manila, Manila 1015, Philippines.
| | - Giovanni D Milanez
- Biomedical Sciences Program, School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand; Department of Medical Technology, Institute of Arts and Sciences, Far Eastern University-Manila, Manila 1015, Philippines
| | - Amalia Tsiami
- London Geller College of Hospitality and Tourism, University of West London, St Mary's Road, Ealing, London W5 5RF, United Kingdom
| | - Voravuth Somsak
- Biomedical Sciences Program, School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand
| | - Manas Kotepui
- Biomedical Sciences Program, School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand
| | - Jitbanjong Tangpong
- Biomedical Sciences Program, School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand.
| | - Panagiotis Karanis
- University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany; University of Nicosia Medical School, Anatomy Centre, P.O. Box 24005, CY-1700, Nicosia, 2408, Cyprus
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24
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Costa ML, de Andrade Rosa I, Andrade L, Mermelstein C, C Coutinho C. Distinct interactions between epithelial and mesenchymal cells control cell morphology and collective migration during sponge epithelial to mesenchymal transition. J Morphol 2019; 281:183-195. [PMID: 31854473 DOI: 10.1002/jmor.21090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial and mesenchymal cell types are basic for animal multicellularity and they have complementary functions coordinated by cellular interactions. Sponges are especially important model organisms to address the evolutionary basis of morphogenetic programs for epithelial and mesenchymal organization in animals. Evolutionary studies in sponges can contribute to the understanding of the mechanisms that control tissue maintenance and tumor progression in humans. In the present study, sponge mesenchymal and epithelial cells were isolated from the demosponge Hymeniacidon heliophila, and aggregate formation was observed by video microscopy. Epithelial-mesenchymal interaction, epithelial transition, and cell migration led to sponge cell aggregation after drastic stress. Based on their different morphologies, adhesion specificities, and motilities, we suggest a role for different sponge cell types as well as complementary functions in cell aggregation. Micromanipulation under the microscope and cell tracking were also used to promote specific grafting-host interaction, to further test the effects of cell type interaction. The loss of cell polarity and flattened shape during the epithelial to mesenchymal cell transition generated small immobile aggregates of round/amoeboid cells. The motility of these transited epithelial-cell aggregates was observed by cell tracking using fluorescent dye, but only after interaction with streams of migratory mesenchymal cells. Cell motility occurred independently of morphological changes, indicating a progressive step in the transition toward a migratory mesenchymal state. Our data suggest a two-step signaling process: (a) the lack of interaction between mesenchymal and epithelial cells triggers morphological changes; and (b) migratory mesenchymal cells instruct epithelial cells for directional cell motility. These results could have an impact on the understanding of evolutionary aspects of metastatic cancer cells. HIGHLIGHTS: Morphogenetic movements observed in modern sponges could have a common evolutionary origin with collective cell migration of human metastatic cells. A sponge regenerative model was used here to characterize epithelial and mesenchymal cells, and for the promotion of grafting/host interactions with subsequent cell tracking. The transition from epithelial to mesenchymal cell type can be observed in sponges in two steps: (a) withdrawal of epithelial/mesenchymal cell interactions to trigger morphological changes; (b) migratory mesenchymal cells to induce epithelial cells to a collective migratory state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoel L Costa
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro - UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Ivone de Andrade Rosa
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro - UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Andrade
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro - UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Claudia Mermelstein
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro - UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Cristiano C Coutinho
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro - UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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25
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Ereskovsky AV, Tokina DB, Saidov DM, Baghdiguian S, Le Goff E, Lavrov AI. Transdifferentiation and mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition during regeneration in Demospongiae (Porifera). JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY PART B-MOLECULAR AND DEVELOPMENTAL EVOLUTION 2019; 334:37-58. [PMID: 31725194 DOI: 10.1002/jez.b.22919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Origin and early evolution of regeneration mechanisms remain among the most pressing questions in animal regeneration biology. Porifera have exceptional regenerative capacities and, as early Metazoan lineage, are a promising model for studying evolutionary aspects of regeneration. Here, we focus on reparative regeneration of the body wall in the Mediterranean demosponge Aplysina cavernicola. The epithelialization of the wound surface is completed within 2 days, and the wound is completely healed within 2 weeks. The regeneration is accompanied with the formation of a mass of undifferentiated cells (blastema), which consists of archaeocytes, dedifferentiated choanocytes, anucleated amoebocytes, and differentiated spherulous cells. The main mechanisms of A. cavernicola regeneration are cell dedifferentiation with active migration and subsequent redifferentiation or transdifferentiation of polypotent cells through the mesenchymal-to-epithelial transformation. The main cell sources of the regeneration are archaeocytes and choanocytes. At early stages of the regeneration, the blastema almost devoid of cell proliferation, but after 24 hr postoperation (hpo) and up to 72 hpo numerous DNA-synthesizing cells appear there. In contrast to intact tissues, where vast majority of DNA-synthesizing cells are choanocytes, all 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine-labeled cells in the blastema are mesohyl cells. Intact tissues, distant from the wound, retains intact level of cell proliferation during whole regeneration process. For the first time, the apoptosis was studied during the regeneration of sponges. Two waves of apoptosis were detected during A. cavernicola regeneration: The first wave at 6-12 hpo and the second wave at 48-72 hpo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander V Ereskovsky
- Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d'Ecologie Marine et Continentale (IMBE), Aix Marseille University, CNRS, IRD, Station Marine d'Endoume, Rue de la Batterie des Lions, Avignon University, Marseille, France.,Department of Embryology, Faculty of Biology, Saint-Petersburg State University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia.,Evolution of Morphogenesis Laboratory, Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Daria B Tokina
- Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d'Ecologie Marine et Continentale (IMBE), Aix Marseille University, CNRS, IRD, Station Marine d'Endoume, Rue de la Batterie des Lions, Avignon University, Marseille, France
| | - Danial M Saidov
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Biological Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Emilie Le Goff
- ISEM, CNRS, EPHE, IRD, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Andrey I Lavrov
- Department of Embryology, Faculty of Biology, Saint-Petersburg State University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia.,Pertsov White Sea Biological Station, Biological Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
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Savoca S, Lo Giudice A, Papale M, Mangano S, Caruso C, Spanò N, Michaud L, Rizzo C. Antarctic sponges from the Terra Nova Bay (Ross Sea) host a diversified bacterial community. Sci Rep 2019; 9:16135. [PMID: 31695084 PMCID: PMC6834628 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-52491-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Sponges represent important habitats for a community of associated (micro)organisms. Even if sponges dominate vast areas of the Antarctic shelves, few investigations have been performed on Antarctic sponge-associated bacteria. Using a culture-dependent approach, the composition of the bacterial communities associated with 14 Antarctic sponge species from different sites within the Terra Nova Bay (Ross Sea) area was analyzed. Overall, isolates were mainly affiliated to Gammaproteobacteria, followed by Actinobacteria and CF group of Bacteroidetes, being the genera Pseudoalteromonas, Arthrobacter and Gillisia predominant, respectively. Alphaproteobacteria and Firmicutes were less represented. Cluster analyses highlighted similarities/differences among the sponge-associated bacterial communities, also in relation to the sampling site. The gammaproteobacterial Pseudoalteromonas sp. SER45, Psychrobacter sp. SER48, and Shewanella sp. SER50, and the actinobacterial Arthrobacter sp. SER44 phylotypes occurred in association with almost all the analyzed sponge species. However, except for SER50, these phylotypes were retrieved also in seawater, indicating that they may be transient within the sponge body. The differences encountered within the bacterial communities may depend on the different sites of origin, highlighting the importance of the habitat in structuring the composition of the associated bacterial assemblages. Our data support the hypothesis of specific ecological interactions between bacteria and Porifera.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Savoca
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, Universitàdi Messina, Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166, Messina, Italy
| | - Angelina Lo Giudice
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, Universitàdi Messina, Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166, Messina, Italy. .,Istituto di Scienze Polari, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR-ISP), Spianata San Raineri 86, 98122, Messina, Italy.
| | - Maria Papale
- Istituto di Scienze Polari, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR-ISP), Spianata San Raineri 86, 98122, Messina, Italy
| | - Santina Mangano
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, Universitàdi Messina, Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166, Messina, Italy
| | - Consolazione Caruso
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, Universitàdi Messina, Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166, Messina, Italy
| | - Nunziacarla Spanò
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Odontoiatriche e delle Immagini Morfologiche e Funzionali, A.O.U. Policlinico "G. Martino", Torre Biologica, Via Consolare Valeria, 98125, Messina, Italy
| | | | - Carmen Rizzo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche ed Ambientali, Universitàdi Messina, Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, 98166, Messina, Italy
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27
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Borisenko I, Podgornaya OI, Ereskovsky AV. From traveler to homebody: Which signaling mechanisms sponge larvae use to become adult sponges? ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2019; 116:421-449. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2019.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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28
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Lavrov AI, Bolshakov FV, Tokina DB, Ereskovsky AV. Sewing up the wounds : The epithelial morphogenesis as a central mechanism of calcaronean sponge regeneration. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY PART B-MOLECULAR AND DEVELOPMENTAL EVOLUTION 2018; 330:351-371. [PMID: 30421540 DOI: 10.1002/jez.b.22830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Sponges (Porifera) demonstrate prominent regeneration abilities and possess a wide variety of mechanisms, used during this process. In the current study, we combined in vivo observations with histological, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural technics to elucidate the fine cellular mechanisms of the regeneration in the calcareous sponge Leucosolenia cf. variabilis. The regeneration of Leucosolenia cf. variabilis ends within 4-6 days. The crucial step of the process is the formation of the transient regenerative membrane, formed by the epithelial morphogenesis-spreading of the intact exopinacoderm and choanoderm. The spreading of the choanoderm is accompanied by the transdifferentiation of the choanocytes. The regenerative membrane develops without any contribution of the mesohyl cells. Subsequently, the membrane gradually transforms into the body wall. The cell proliferation is neither affected nor contributes to the regeneration at any stage. Thus, Leucosolenia cf. variabilis regeneration relies on the remodeling of the intact tissues through the epithelial morphogenesis, accompanied by the transdifferentiation of some differentiated cell types, which makes it similar to the regeneration in homoscleromorphs and eumetazoans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey I Lavrov
- Pertsov White Sea Biological Station, Biological Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.,Department Embryology, Faculty of Biology, Saint-Petersburg State University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Fyodor V Bolshakov
- Pertsov White Sea Biological Station, Biological Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.,Department Embryology, Faculty of Biology, Saint-Petersburg State University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Daria B Tokina
- Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d'Ecologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Aix Marseille University, CNRS, IRD, Avignon University, Station Marine d'Endoume, Marseille, France
| | - Alexander V Ereskovsky
- Department Embryology, Faculty of Biology, Saint-Petersburg State University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia.,Institut Méditerranéen de Biodiversité et d'Ecologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Aix Marseille University, CNRS, IRD, Avignon University, Station Marine d'Endoume, Marseille, France
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29
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Kravchuk OI, Lavrov AI, Finoshin AD, Gornostaev NG, Georgiev AA, Abaturova SB, Mikhailov VS, Lyupina YV. The Role of Epibionts of Bacteria of the Genus Pseudoalteromonas and Cellular Proteasomes in the Adaptive Plasticity of Marine Cold-Water Sponges. DOKL BIOCHEM BIOPHYS 2018; 479:77-79. [PMID: 29779101 DOI: 10.1134/s1607672918020072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
It was found that cells of different color morphs of the cold-water marine sponges Halichondria panicea (Pallas, 1766) of the class Demospongiae differ in the content of epibionts of bacteria of the genus Pseudoalteromonas. The sponge cells with elevated levels of epibionts of bacteria of the genus Pseudoalteromonas showed an increased expression of Hsp70 proteins but had a reduced level of the proteasomal catalytic beta 5 subunit, which was accompanied by a change in their activity. Probably, epibionts of bacteria of the genus Pseudoalteromonas may affect the ubiquitin-proteasome system in the cells of cold-water marine sponges and, thereby, ensure their adaptive plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- O I Kravchuk
- Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Vavilova 26, Moscow, 119334, Russia
| | - A I Lavrov
- Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Vavilova 26, Moscow, 119334, Russia.,Biological Faculty, Moscow State University, Moscow, 119992, Russia
| | - A D Finoshin
- Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Vavilova 26, Moscow, 119334, Russia
| | - N G Gornostaev
- Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Vavilova 26, Moscow, 119334, Russia
| | - A A Georgiev
- Biological Faculty, Moscow State University, Moscow, 119992, Russia
| | - S B Abaturova
- Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Vavilova 26, Moscow, 119334, Russia
| | - V S Mikhailov
- Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Vavilova 26, Moscow, 119334, Russia
| | - Yu V Lyupina
- Koltzov Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Vavilova 26, Moscow, 119334, Russia.
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31
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Lavrov AI, Kosevich IA. Stolonial Movement: A New Type of Whole-Organism Behavior in Porifera. THE BIOLOGICAL BULLETIN 2018; 234:58-67. [PMID: 29694803 DOI: 10.1086/697113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Sponges (phylum Porifera) traditionally are represented as inactive, sessile filter-feeding animals devoid of any behavior except filtering activity. However, different time-lapse techniques demonstrate that sponges are able to show a wide range of coordinated but slow whole-organism behavior. The present study concerns a peculiar type of such behavior in the psychrophilic demosponge Amphilectus lobatus: stolonial movement. During stolonial movement, sponges produce outgrowths (stolons) that crawl along a substrate with a speed of 4.4 ± 2.2 μm min-1 and branch, thus forming a complex net covering a considerable area of a substrate. This net is used by sponges to search for new points with appropriate environmental conditions for individual relocation. After such points are found, all cells of the parental sponge migrate through stolons, leaving a naked parental skeleton, forming one or several filial sponges in the new location. Thus, stolonial movement combines traits of crawling along the substrate and asexual reproduction. This behavior relies on massive cell dedifferentiation followed by coordinated cell migration to the point of new sponge body formation and their subsequent differentiation into specialized cell types.
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Abstract
Over 100 years of sponge biology research has demonstrated spectacular diversity of cell behaviors during embryonic development, metamorphosis and regeneration. The past two decades have allowed the first glimpses into molecular and cellular mechanisms of these processes. We have learned that while embryonic development of sponges utilizes a conserved set of developmental regulatory genes known from other animals, sponge cell differentiation appears unusually labile. During normal development, and especially as a response to injury, sponge cells appear to have an uncanny ability to transdifferentiate. Here, I argue that sponge cell differentiation plasticity does not preclude homology of cell types and processes between sponges and other animals. Instead, it does provide a wonderful opportunity to better understand transdifferentiation processes in all animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Adamska
- Division of Biomedical Science and Biochemistry, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia.
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