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Wei M, Yi P, Huang B, Naz S, Ge C, Shu-Chien AC, Wang Z, Wu X. Insights into sequence characteristics and evolutionary history of DGATs in arthropods. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. PART D, GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2024; 49:101195. [PMID: 38266530 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2024.101195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Triacylglycerol (TAG) is crucial in animal energy storage and membrane biogenesis. The conversion of diacylglycerol (DAG) to triacylglycerol (TAG) is catalyzed by diacylglycerol acyltransferase enzymes (DGATs), which are encoded by genes belonging to two distinct gene families. Although arthropods are known to possess DGATs activities and utilize the glycerol-3-phosphate pathway and MAG pathway for TAG biosynthesis, the sequence characterization and evolutionary history of DGATs in arthropods remains unclear. This study aimed to comparatively evaluate genomic analyses of DGATs in 13 arthropod species and 14 outgroup species. We found that arthropods lack SOAT2 genes within the DGAT1 family, while DGAT2, MOGAT3, AWAT1, and AWAT2 were absent from in DGAT2 family. Gene structure and phylogenetic analyses revealed that DGAT1 and DGAT2 genes come from different gene families. The expression patterns of these genes were further analyzed in crustaceans, demonstrating the importance of DGAT1 in TAG biosynthesis. Additionally, we identified the DGAT1 gene in Swimming crab (P. trituberculatus) undergoes a mutually exclusive alternative splicing event in the molt stages. Our newly determined DGAT inventory data provide a more complete scenario and insights into the evolutionary dynamics and functional diversification of DGATs in arthropods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maolei Wei
- Centre for Research on Fish Nutrition and Environmental Ecology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; College of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Peng Yi
- Centre for Research on Fish Nutrition and Environmental Ecology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Baoyou Huang
- Institute of Animal Sex and Development, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo 315100, China; College of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Saira Naz
- Centre for Research on Fish Nutrition and Environmental Ecology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Chutian Ge
- Institute of Animal Sex and Development, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo 315100, China; College of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Alexander Chong Shu-Chien
- School of Biological Sciences, University Sains Malaysia, Minden, 11800 Penang, Malaysia; Center for Chemical Biology, University Sains Malaysia, 11900 Bayan Lepas, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Zongji Wang
- Institute of Animal Sex and Development, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo 315100, China; College of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo 315100, China.
| | - Xugan Wu
- Centre for Research on Fish Nutrition and Environmental Ecology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; National Demonstration Centre for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.
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Li Z, Zhang G, Pan K, Niu X, Shu-Chien AC, Chen T, Zhang X, Wu X. Functional transcriptome reveals hepatopancreatic lipid metabolism during the molting cycle of the Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2023; 284:111474. [PMID: 37406959 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2023.111474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Crustacean molting is highly related to energy and lipid metabolism. This study was conducted to detect the changes of total lipids (TL), triacylglyceride (TAG), phospholipid (PL) and lipid droplets in hepatopancreas, and then to investigate the gene expression patterns related to hepatopancreatic lipid metabolism during the molting cycle of Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis. Hepatopancreatic TL and TAG increased significantly from post-molt stage to pre-molt stage, then decreased significantly from pre-molt stage to ecdysis stage, which is consistent to the changes of neutral lipid-rich adipocytes in hepatopancreas. By transcriptomic analysis, 65,325 transcripts were sequenced and assembled, and 28,033 transcripts were annotated. Most genes were related to energy metabolism, and the enriched genes were involved in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism and biosynthesis, especially in de novo synthesis of fatty acids and TAG, and ketone body production. Compared to the inter-molt stages, acetyl-CoA carboxylase, fatty acid synthase and other genes related to the synthesis of fatty acids were upregulated in the pre-molt stage. TAG synthesis related genes, including Glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase and 1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferases, were upregulated in the post-molt stage compared to the inter-molt stage. The expression of ketone body-related genes had no significant changes during the molting cycle. Compared to the TAG synthetic pathway, ketone body biosynthesis may contribute less/secondarily to fatty acid metabolic processes, which could be involved in the other physiological processes or metabolism. In conclusion, these results showed that TAG is the major lipid deposition during inter- and pre-molt stages, and the most genes are related to the fatty acids and TAG metabolism in the hepatopancreas during the molting cycle of E. sinensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Li
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Centre for Aquatic Animal Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology (LMB), South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guangbao Zhang
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Centre for Aquatic Animal Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Kewu Pan
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Centre for Aquatic Animal Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Xingjian Niu
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Centre for Aquatic Animal Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | | | - Ting Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology (LMB), South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology (LMB), South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Xugan Wu
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Centre for Aquatic Animal Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden, 11800, Penang, Malaysia; Centre for Research on Environmental Ecology and Fish Nutrition of the Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.
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Farhadi A, Liu Y, Xu C, Han T, Wang X, Li E. Evidence from transcriptome analysis unravelled the roles of eyestalk in salinity adaptation in Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). Gen Comp Endocrinol 2022; 329:114120. [PMID: 36055397 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2022.114120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Eyestalk is considered the main neuroendocrine organ in crustaceans. Eyestalk regulates reproduction, molting, and energy metabolism by secreting several neurohormones. However, the role of eyestalk in salinity adaptation in crustaceans remains unclear. To reveal the role of eyestalk in salinity adaptation in Litopenaeus vannamei, we performed RNA-seq to compare the transcriptomic response of the eyestalk under low salinity (salinity 3) with that of the control group (salinity 25) for 8 weeks. A total of 479 mRNAs, including 150 upregulated and 329 downregulated mRNAs, were differentially expressed between the two salinity groups. The majority of the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were enriched in biological pathways related to osmoregulation, metabolism and energy production, and oxidative stress. The most important DEGs associated with osmoregulation were CA4, ATP1A, ATP2B, ABCB1, ABCC4, PhoA, PhoB, NOS1, ACE, ANPEP, and the V-type H+-ATPase E-subunit. The metabolism-related DEGs were divided into three main categories: carbohydrate and energy metabolism (i.e., G6PC, UGT), protein and amino acid metabolism (i.e., SLC15A1, AhcY, GFAT), and lipid and fatty acid metabolism (i.e., GPAT3_4, CYP2J). The key DEGs related to the oxidative stress response were UGT, NDUFB1, QCR7, QCR8, P5CDh, COX6B, and CES1. These results provide evidence for the existence of an eyestalk-salinity adaptation-stress endocrine axis in L. vannamei. These findings provide a better understanding of the molecular mechanism underlying salinity adaptation in L. vannamei.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ardavan Farhadi
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Hydrobiology and Biotechnology of Hainan Province, Hainan Aquaculture Breeding Engineering Research Center, College of Marine Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China
| | - Yan Liu
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Chang Xu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Hydrobiology and Biotechnology of Hainan Province, Hainan Aquaculture Breeding Engineering Research Center, College of Marine Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China
| | - Tao Han
- Department of Aquaculture, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China
| | - Xiaodan Wang
- School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China.
| | - Erchao Li
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Hydrobiology and Biotechnology of Hainan Province, Hainan Aquaculture Breeding Engineering Research Center, College of Marine Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China.
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Feng Q, Liu M, Cheng Y, Wu X. Comparative Transcriptome Analysis Reveals the Process of Ovarian Development and Nutrition Metabolism in Chinese Mitten Crab, Eriocheir Sinensis. Front Genet 2022; 13:910682. [PMID: 35685440 PMCID: PMC9171014 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.910682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian development is a key physiological process that holds great significance in the reproduction of the Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis), which is an economically important crab species for aquaculture. However, there is limited knowledge for the regulatory mechanisms of ovarian development. To study the molecular mechanisms of its ovarian development, transcriptome analysis was performed in the ovary and hepatopancreas of E. sinensis during ovarian stages I (oogonium proliferation), II (endogenous vitellogenesis), and III (exogenous vitellogenesis). The results showed that 5,520 and 226 genes were differentially expressed in the ovary and hepatopancreas, respectively. For KEGG enrichment analysis, the differentially expressed genes in the ovary were significantly clustered in phototransduction-fly, phagosome, and ECM-receptor interaction. Significantly enriched pathways in the hepatopancreas included fatty acid biosynthesis, fatty acid metabolism, and riboflavin metabolism. Further analysis showed that 25 genes and several pathways were mainly involved in oogenesis, including the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway, cyclic AMP-protein kinase A signaling pathway, and mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway. Twenty-five candidate genes involved in vitellogenesis and endocrine regulation were identified, such as vitellogenin, vitellogenin receptor, estrogen sulfotransferase, ecdysone receptor, prostaglandin reductase 1, hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase and juvenile hormone acid O-methyltransferase. Fifty-six genes related to nutritional metabolism were identified, such as fatty acid synthase, long-chain-fatty-acid-CoA ligase 4, 1-acyl-sn-glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase 4, fatty acid-binding protein, and glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase 1. These results highlight the genes involved in ovarian development and nutrition deposition, which enhance our understanding of the regulatory pathways and physiological processes of crustacean ovarian development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiangmei Feng
- Centre for Research on Environmental Ecology and Fish Nutrition of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Meimei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Yongxu Cheng
- Centre for Research on Environmental Ecology and Fish Nutrition of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.,National Demonstration Centre for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xugan Wu
- Centre for Research on Environmental Ecology and Fish Nutrition of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.,National Demonstration Centre for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
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Feng QM, Liu MM, Cheng YX, Wu XG. Comparative proteomics elucidates the dynamics of ovarian development in the Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY D-GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2021; 40:100878. [PMID: 34333232 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2021.100878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian development is a complex physiological process for crustacean reproduction that is divided into the oogonium proliferation stage, endogenous vitellogenic stage, exogenous vitellogenic stage, and oocyte maturation stage. Proteomics analysis offers a feasible approach to reveal the proteins involved in the complex physiological processes of any organism. Therefore, this study performed a comparative proteomics analysis of the ovary and hepatopancreas at three key ovarian stages, including stages I (oogonium proliferation), II (endogenous vitellogenesis) and IV (exogenous vitellogenesis), of the Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis using a label-free quantitative approach. The results showed that a total of 2,224 proteins were identified, and some key proteins related to ovarian development and nutrition metabolism were differentially expressed. The 26 key proteins were mainly involved in the ubiquitin/proteasome pathway (UPP), cyclic AMP-protein kinase A (cAMP-PKA) signaling pathway, and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway during oogenesis. Fifteen differentially abundant proteins (DAPs) were found to participate in vitellogenesis and oocyte development, such as vitelline membrane outer layer protein 1 homolog, vitellogenin, vitellogenin receptor, heat shock 70 kDa protein cognate 3 and farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase. Forty-seven DAPs related to nutrition metabolism were identified, including the protein digestion, fatty acid metabolism, prostaglandin metabolism, lipid digestion and transportation, i.e. short-chain specific acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, acyl-CoA desaturase, fatty acid-binding protein, long-chain fatty acid CoA ligase 4, and hematopoietic prostaglandin D synthase. These results not only indicate proteins involved in ovarian development and nutrient deposition but also enhance the understanding of the regulatory pathways and physiological processes of crustacean ovarian development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang-Mei Feng
- Centre for Research on Environmental Ecology and Fish Nutrition of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Mei-Mei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Jiangsu Province, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China.
| | - Yong-Xu Cheng
- Centre for Research on Environmental Ecology and Fish Nutrition of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; National Demonstration Centre for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Xu-Gan Wu
- Centre for Research on Environmental Ecology and Fish Nutrition of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; National Demonstration Centre for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.
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