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Pisu MC, Andolfatto A, Ferro A, Esposito S, Veronesi MC, Probo M. Effect of a subcutaneous implant of deslorelin acetate on serum testosterone concentrations in male Hermann's (Testudo hermanni sp.) and Greek (Testudo graeca sp.) tortoises. Vet Res Commun 2023; 47:2279-2284. [PMID: 37173553 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-023-10138-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Deslorelin acetate is a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist formulated in a controlled-release subcutaneous implant and designed for reversible suppression of testosterone production in dogs. It has also been demonstrated to be effective in other animal species, but no data on its effectiveness in male land tortoises are available. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of a 4.7-mg deslorelin acetate implant on serum testosterone concentrations in male Hermann's (Testudo hermanni sp.) and Greek (Testudo graeca sp.) tortoises. Twenty adult male tortoises housed under the same environmental conditions were enrolled for the study and randomly assigned to a treatment (D, n = 10) or a control (C, n = 10) group. Starting in May, males from the D group were implanted with a 4.7-mg deslorelin acetate device, whereas males from the C group did not receive any treatment. Blood samples were collected once immediately before implant application (S0-May) and at 15 days (S1-June), 2 (S2-July), and 5 (S3-October) months after application. Serum testosterone at each sampling time was measured through a solid-phase, enzyme-labeled, competitive chemiluminescent immunoassay. Median serum testosterone concentrations were not significantly different between the two groups in all sampling times, and no interaction between treatment and sampling time was observed. The present study, therefore, suggests that a single treatment with a 4.7-mg deslorelin acetate implant has no effect on testosterone circulation in male Hermann's and Greek tortoises during the following 5 months.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Angelica Ferro
- The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and the Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Maria Cristina Veronesi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Lodi, Italy
| | - Monica Probo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Lodi, Italy.
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Pawlicki P, Galuszka A, Pardyak L, Tuz R, Płachno BJ, Malopolska M, Dubniewicz K, Yang P, Kotula-Balak M, Tarasiuk K. Leydig Cells in Immunocastrated Polish Landrace Pig Testis: Differentiation Status and Steroid Enzyme Expression Status. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:6120. [PMID: 35682797 PMCID: PMC9181736 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Porker immunocastration against gonadoliberin (GnRH) secretion has been utilized since 2009; however, consumers are still skeptical of it. This is due to not having full information available on the problem of a boar taint, as well as a lack of research on morphological and molecular changes that may occur in the animal reproductive system and other body systems. The present study aimed to explore the functional status of steroidogenic Leydig cells of the testicular interstitial tissue in immunocastrated Polish Landrace pigs. Analyses were performed using Western blot, immunohistochemistry for relaxin (RLN), insulin-like 3 protein (INSL3), pelleted growth factor receptor α (PDGFRα), cytochrome P450scc, 3β- and 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases (3β-HSD, 17β-HSD), cytochrome P450arom, and 5α-reductase (5α-RED). Immunoassay ELISA was used to measure the androstenone, testosterone, and estradiol levels in the testis and serum of immunocastrates. We revealed disturbances in the distribution and expression of (i) RLN, indicating an inflammatory reaction in the interstitial tissue; (ii) INSL3 and PDGFRα, indicating alterations in the differentiation and function of fetal, perinatal, or adult Leydig cell populations; (iii) P450scc, 3β-HSD, 17β-HSD, P450arom, and 5α-RED, indicating disturbances in the sex steroid hormone production and disturbed functional status of Leydig cells; as well as (iv) decreased levels of androstenone, testosterone, and estradiol in testicular tissue and serum, indicating the dedicated action of Improvac to reduce boar taint at both the hypothalamic-hypophysis-gonadal axis and local level (Leydig cells). In summary, our study provides a significant portion of knowledge on the function of Leydig cells after immunocastration, which is also important for the diagnosis and therapy of testis dysfunction due to GnRH action failure and/or Leydig cell differentiational-functional alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Pawlicki
- Center of Experimental and Innovative Medicine, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Redzina 1c, 30-248 Krakow, Poland; (P.P.); (L.P.)
| | - Anna Galuszka
- Department of Animal Anatomy and Preclinical Sciences, University Centre of Veterinary Medicine JU-UA, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Mickiewicza 24/28, 30-059 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Laura Pardyak
- Center of Experimental and Innovative Medicine, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Redzina 1c, 30-248 Krakow, Poland; (P.P.); (L.P.)
| | - Ryszard Tuz
- Department of Genetics, Animal Breeding and Ethology, Faculty of Animal Science, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Mickiewicza 24/28, 30-059, Krakow, Poland;
| | - Bartosz J. Płachno
- Department of Plant Cytology and Embryology, Institute of Botany, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Martyna Malopolska
- Department of Pig Breeding, National Research Institute of Animal Production, Krakowska 1, 32-083 Balice, Poland;
| | - Klaudia Dubniewicz
- Department of Infectious Diseases of Animals and Food Hygiene, University Centre of Veterinary Medicine JU-UA, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Mickiewicza 24/28, 30-059 Krakow, Poland; (K.D.); (K.T.)
| | - Ping Yang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210009, China;
| | - Malgorzata Kotula-Balak
- Department of Animal Anatomy and Preclinical Sciences, University Centre of Veterinary Medicine JU-UA, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Mickiewicza 24/28, 30-059 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Kazimierz Tarasiuk
- Department of Infectious Diseases of Animals and Food Hygiene, University Centre of Veterinary Medicine JU-UA, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Mickiewicza 24/28, 30-059 Krakow, Poland; (K.D.); (K.T.)
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Zarazaga LÁ, Gatica MC, De La Rosa I, Delgado-Pertíñez M, Guzmán JL. The High Testosterone Concentrations of the Bucks Used in the "Male Effect" Is Not a Prerequisite for Obtaining High Ovarian Activity in Goats from Mediterranean Latitudes. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12080954. [PMID: 35454200 PMCID: PMC9029418 DOI: 10.3390/ani12080954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Two experiments were carried out. Firstly, 54 anestrous females were placed in contact with photostimulated males (Photo; n = 27) or with no photostimulated males (Natural; n = 27). Moreover, a group of bucks treated with artificial photoperiod and a group of bucks subjected to natural photoperiod without contact with females was used (Photo Isolated and Natural Isolated, respectively). In the Natural groups, the testosterone concentrations were similar except for three days after the introduction of the bucks to the does (19.72 ± 4.11 vs. 2.05 ± 0.25 ng/mL for Natural and Natural isolated bucks, respectively, p < 0.05). However, no differences were observed in the Photo groups during the entire experiment. The percentage of females showing estrous was higher in the group of females in contact with photostimulated bucks (96 vs. 74%, respectively, p < 0.05). In the second experiment, a GnRH agonist, deslorelin, was used to regulate the testosterone concentrations of the bucks. Seventy anestrous females were divided into five groups depending on the treatment received by the bucks to which they were exposed: photostimulated bucks (Photo group, n = 14); photostimulated bucks but treated with the agonist at the onset of the photoperiod treatment (Photo-Ago Long group, n = 13); photostimulated bucks but treated with the agonist at the end of the photoperiod treatment (Photo-Ago Short group, n = 15); bucks receiving no photostimulation but treated with the agonist at the end of the photoperiod treatment period (Natural-Ago Short group, n = 13) and bucks receiving no photostimulation nor agonist (Natural group, n = 15). The agonist treatment increased testosterone concentrations after the injection, which remained high for the entire experiment (p < 0.05). Six days after the introduction of the bucks to the does, the testosterone concentrations increased only in the Natural group reaching similar concentrations to the other groups (12.17 ± 6.55, 16.69 ± 4.53, 8.70 ± 0.61, 11.03 ± 1.45 and 14.42 ± 3.64 ng/mL for Photo, Photo-Ago Long, Photo-Ago Short, Natural-Ago Short and Natural bucks, respectively, p > 0.05). No differences in reproductive parameters were observed (p > 0.05). These results demonstrate that, at Mediterranean latitudes, anestrous females can stimulate the testosterone concentrations of bucks after a period of isolation. The high testosterone concentrations are not a prerequisite for an adequate response to the male effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Ángel Zarazaga
- Departamento de Ciencias Agroforestales, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería, “Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario, CeiA3”, Campus Universitario de la Rábida, Universidad de Huelva, Carretera de Huelva-Palos de la Frontera, s/n, 21819 Huelva, Spain; (I.D.L.R.); (J.L.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-959217713
| | - María-Carolina Gatica
- Facultad de Recursos Naturales Renovables, Universidad Arturo Prat, Avenida Arturo Prat, Iquique 2120, Chile;
| | - Ignacio De La Rosa
- Departamento de Ciencias Agroforestales, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería, “Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario, CeiA3”, Campus Universitario de la Rábida, Universidad de Huelva, Carretera de Huelva-Palos de la Frontera, s/n, 21819 Huelva, Spain; (I.D.L.R.); (J.L.G.)
| | - Manuel Delgado-Pertíñez
- Departamento de Agronomía, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Universidad de Sevilla, Ctra. Utrera km 1, 41013 Sevilla, Spain;
| | - José Luis Guzmán
- Departamento de Ciencias Agroforestales, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería, “Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario, CeiA3”, Campus Universitario de la Rábida, Universidad de Huelva, Carretera de Huelva-Palos de la Frontera, s/n, 21819 Huelva, Spain; (I.D.L.R.); (J.L.G.)
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Eşki F, Çetin N, Uslu S, Uslu BA, Şendağ S, Yörük M, Naseer Z, Wehrend A, Shakeel M. Effects of long-term release GnRH agonist "deslorelin" on testicular HSP expression, accessory sex glands and testicular functions in adult male rats. Theriogenology 2019; 134:104-111. [PMID: 31158733 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2019.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the present was to determine the effect of long-term release GnRH agonists "deslorelin" on suppression and restoration of testicular and accessory sex glands functions, and expression of HSP in testes of adult male rats. A group of twenty-eight male rats and fifty-six female rats were kept for eleven months. The male rats were subdivided into treatment (n = 18; deslorelin, an analogue of GnRH, 4.7 mg, S.C; six months) and control (n = 10; untreated), and the adult female rats were introduced with either treatment or control male rats at the 2nd, 6th and 11th months post implant insertion. At 6th month of deslorelin implants insertion, six male rats from treatment and five rats from control group were sacrificed. The remaining (twelve treatment and five control) male rats were sacrificed at 11 months. The testicular dimension were measured monthly in both treatment and control rats. The blood samples were collected for testosterone and HSP70 antibody, whereas, the testes and accessory glands were isolated for histological examination at each sacrificial time. The results showed that testicular dimension were significantly lesser in treatment group until 9 months post treatment. HSP70 protein expression was negligible at 6 months in treatment group but its intensity increased in spermatids 11 months of treatment similar to control group. Significantly lower testosterone concentrations with poor semen quality, and smaller litter size were observed in treatment group. The histological picture of accessory sex glands and seminiferous tubules shown a variable integrity in treatment group than control at 6 months implant insertion. In conclusion, the subcutaneous application of 4.7 mg of the GnRH-analogue deslorelin represents a practicable, like in the female rats, method to suppress testicular, accessory sex glands functions, testicular HSP expression and fertility in male rats. Moreover, the suppressive effects of deslorelin, continued until 11th months after removal of the implant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Funda Eşki
- Clinic for Veterinary Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cukurova University, 01330, Adana, Turkey.
| | - Nebi Çetin
- Clinic for Veterinary Obstetrics and Gynecology, Van Yüzüncü Yil University, 65080, Van, Turkey
| | - Sema Uslu
- Veterinary Histology and Embryology, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, 58140, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Barış Atalay Uslu
- Clinic for Veterinary Andrology, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, 58140, Sivas, Turkey
| | - Sait Şendağ
- Clinic for Veterinary Obstetrics and Gynecology, Van Yüzüncü Yil University, 65080, Van, Turkey
| | - Mecit Yörük
- Veterinary Histology and Embryology, Van Yüzüncü Yil University, 65080, Van, Turkey
| | - Zahid Naseer
- Department of Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Axel Wehrend
- Clinic for Veterinary Obstetrics, Gynecology and Andrology, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Muhammad Shakeel
- Department of Clinical Studies, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
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Effects of implants containing the GnRH agonist deslorelin on testosterone release and semen characteristics in Shetland stallions. Anim Reprod Sci 2018; 195:230-241. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2018.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Kubale V, Batorek N, Škrlep M, Prunier A, Bonneau M, Fazarinc G, Čandek-Potokar M. Steroid hormones, boar taint compounds, and reproductive organs in pigs according to the delay between immunocastration and slaughter. Theriogenology 2013; 79:69-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2012.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2012] [Revised: 09/13/2012] [Accepted: 09/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Effects of long-term treatment with the GnrH agonist deslorelin (Suprelorin) on sexual function in boars. Theriogenology 2010; 74:733-40. [PMID: 20570338 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2010.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2009] [Revised: 03/17/2010] [Accepted: 03/25/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Immunization against GnRH has been proven effective for boar taint removal, and long-term treatment with GnRH analogues has been shown to suppress GnRH dependent reproductive processes in several species. This study was conducted to treat boars (n = 5) with Suprelorin, i.e., an implant that contains 4.7 mg of the long-acting GnRH analogue deslorelin, and to test the effects on sexual function. Insertion of the implant occurred at the age of 5 weeks and animals were observed until market age at 26-27 weeks. Surgically castrated (n = 4) and intact boars (n = 3) served as controls. Testes growth was markedly reduced and steroidogenesis (testosterone, estrone, estrone sulphate, estradiol 17beta) as well as spermatogenesis suppressed in 4 of 5 GnRH treated boars, respectively. The remaining fifth boar resumed testes growth after week 17 of age and had high hormone concentrations when tested at weeks 26 and 27. Restoration of spermatogenesis was observed at 34 weeks of age. There were no effects of treatment on general health, nor were there local inflammatory reactions. Results indicate that suppression of sexual functions in boars due to long-term treatment with the GnRH agonist deslorelin through an implant such as Suprelorin is possible and can last for several months up to market age; thus it has potential as an alternative to other methods used for boar taint removal. Because the maximum duration of suppression seems to vary between boars, further studies are necessary to refine the treatment.
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Bilinska B, Kotula-Balak M, Sadowska J. Morphology and function of human Leydig cells in vitro. Immunocytochemical and radioimmunological analyses. Eur J Histochem 2009; 53:e5. [PMID: 30256856 PMCID: PMC3167278 DOI: 10.4081/ejh.2009.e5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/26/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of our study was to show whether the cells isolated from testes of patients underwent bilateral orchiectomy for prostatic cancer are able to grown in vitro, and if so, are functionally active. Immuncytochemistry was performed to show the functional status of human cultured cells. In detail, immunolocalization of luteinizing hormone receptors (LHR), mitochondria, and cytoskeletal elements was demonstrated. Moreover, radioimmunological assay was used to measure testosterone secretion by cultured Leydig cells. Using Nomarski interference contrast and fine immunofluorescence analysis the positive immunostaining for LHR was observed in almost all Leydig cells, however it was of various intensity in individual cells. Testosterone measurement revealed significant difference between testosterone secretion by hCG-stimulated and unstimulated Leydig cells (p<0.05). Moreover, testosterone levels were significantly higher in 24- and 48-hour-cultures than in those of 72 hrs (p<0.05). Morphological analysis of Leydig cells in culture revealed the presence of mononuclear and multinucleate cells. The latter cells occurred in both hCG-stimulated and unstimulated cultures. In Leydig cells labeled with a molecular marker MitoTtracker, an abundance of mitochondria and typical distribution of microtubules and microfilaments were observed irrespective of the number of nuclei within the cell, suggesting no functional differences between mono- and multinucleate human Leydig cells in vitro. Since the percentage of multinucleate cells was similar in both hCG-stimulated and unstimulated cultures (23.70% and 22.80%), respectively, the appearance of these cell population seems to be independent of hormonal stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Bilinska
- Department of Endocrinology and Tissue Culture, Institute of Zoology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - M Kotula-Balak
- Department of Endocrinology and Tissue Culture, Institute of Zoology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - J Sadowska
- Department of Endocrinology and Tissue Culture, Institute of Zoology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
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