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Conith MR, Ringo D, Conith AJ, Deleon A, Wagner M, McMenamin S, Cason C, Cooper WJ. The Evolution of Feeding Mechanics in the Danioninae, or Why Giant Danios Don't Suck Like Zebrafish. Integr Org Biol 2022; 4:obac049. [PMID: 36518182 PMCID: PMC9730500 DOI: 10.1093/iob/obac049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
By linking anatomical structure to mechanical performance we can improve our understanding of how selection shapes morphology. Here we examined the functional morphology of feeding in fishes of the subfamily Danioninae (order Cypriniformes) to determine aspects of cranial evolution connected with their trophic diversification. The Danioninae comprise three major lineages and each employs a different feeding strategy. We gathered data on skull form and function from species in each clade, then assessed their evolutionary dynamics using phylogenetic-comparative methods. Differences between clades are strongly associated with differences in jaw protrusion. The paedomorphic Danionella clade does not use jaw protrusion at all, members of the Danio clade use jaw protrusion for suction production and prey capture, and members of the sister clade to Danio (e.g., Devario and Microdevario) use jaw protrusion to retain prey after capture. The shape of the premaxillary bone is a major determinant of protrusion ability, and premaxilla morphology in each of these lineages is consistent with their protrusion strategies. Premaxilla shapes have evolved rapidly, which indicates that they have been subjected to strong selection. We compared premaxilla development in giant danio (Devario aequipinnatus) and zebrafish (Danio rerio) and discuss a developmental mechanism that could shift danionine fishes between the feeding strategies employed by these species and their respective clades. We also identified a highly integrated evolutionary module that has been an important factor in the evolution of trophic mechanics within the Danioninae.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Conith
- Department of Biology, Western Washington University, Bellingham, WA 98225, USA
| | - D Ringo
- Department of Biology, Western Washington University, Bellingham, WA 98225, USA
| | - A J Conith
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - A Deleon
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - M Wagner
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - S McMenamin
- Biology Department, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467, USA
| | - C Cason
- Marine and Coastal Science, Western Washington University, Bellingham, WA 98225, USA
| | - W J Cooper
- Department of Biology, Western Washington University, Bellingham, WA 98225, USA
- Marine and Coastal Science, Western Washington University, Bellingham, WA 98225, USA
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2
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Cohen KE, Ackles AL, Hernandez LP. The role of heterotopy and heterochrony during morphological diversification of otocephalan epibranchial organs. Evol Dev 2022; 24:79-91. [PMID: 35708165 DOI: 10.1111/ede.12401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Epibranchial organs (EBOs), found in at least five of the eight otomorphan families, are used to aggregate small prey inside the buccopharyngeal cavity and range in morphological complexity from a singular, small slit on the pharyngeal roof to several, elongated soft tissue tubes. Despite broad phylogenetic representation, little is known about the origin, development, or evolution of EBOs. We hypothesize that both heterochronic and heterotopic changes throughout the evolution of EBOs are at the root of their morphological diversity. Heterochrony is a foundational explanation in developmental studies, however, heterotopy, a developmental change in spatial or topographical relationships, can have even more profound effects on a given structure but has received relatively little attention. Here, we investigate how developmental mechanisms may drive morphological diversity of EBOs within otomorphan fishes. We compare early pharyngeal development in three species, Anchoa mitchilli (Engraulidae) which has the most basic EBO, B. tyrannus (Clupeidae) which has a more complex EBO, and Hypophthalmichthys molitrix (Cyprinidae) which has the most complex EBO yet described. Using branchial arch growth rates and morphological analyses, we illustrate how both heterochronic and heterotopic mechanisms are responsible for some of the phenotypic diversity seen in otomorphan EBOs. Importantly, we also identify conserved developmental patterns that further our understanding of how EBOs may have first originated and evolved across actinopterygian fishes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karly E Cohen
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Friday Harbor Laboratories, University of Washington, Friday Harbor, Washington, USA
| | - Acacia L Ackles
- Department of Integrative Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - L Patricia Hernandez
- Department of Biological Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
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3
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Keer S, Storch JD, Nguyen S, Prado M, Singh R, Hernandez LP, McMenamin SK. Thyroid hormone shapes craniofacial bones during postembryonic zebrafish development. Evol Dev 2022; 24:61-76. [PMID: 35334153 PMCID: PMC8976723 DOI: 10.1111/ede.12399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Changing the shape of craniofacial bones can profoundly alter ecological function, and understanding how developmental conditions sculpt skeletal phenotypes can provide insight into evolutionary adaptations. Thyroid hormone (TH) stimulates metamorphosis and regulates skeletal morphogenesis across vertebrates. To assess the roles of this hormone in sculpting the craniofacial skeleton of a non-metamorphic vertebrate, we tested zebrafish for developmental periods of TH-induced craniofacial shape change. We analyzed shapes of specific bones that function in prey detection, capture and processing. We quantified these elements from late-larval through adult stages under three developmental TH profiles. Under wild-type conditions, each bone progressively grows allometrically into a mature morphology over the course of postembryonic development. In three of the four bones, TH was required to sculpt an adult shape: hypothyroidism inhibited aspects of shape change, and allowed some components of immature shape to be retained into adulthood. Excess developmental TH stimulated aspects of precocious shape change leading to abnormal morphologies in some bones. Skeletal features with functional importance showed high sensitivities to TH, including the transformator process of the tripus, the mandibular symphysis of the lower jaw, the scutiform lamina of the hyomandibula, and the anterior arm of the pharyngeal jaw. In all, we found that TH is necessary for shaping mature morphology of several essential skeletal elements; this requirement is particularly pronounced during larval development. Altered TH titer leads to abnormal morphologies with likely functional consequences, highlighting the potential of TH and downstream pathways as targets for evolutionary change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Keer
- Department of Biological Sciences, The George Washington University, Science and Engineering Hall, 800 22nd Street NW, Suite 6000, Washington, DC 20052 USA
| | - Joshua D. Storch
- Department of Biological Sciences, The George Washington University, Science and Engineering Hall, 800 22nd Street NW, Suite 6000, Washington, DC 20052 USA
| | - Stacy Nguyen
- Biology Department, Boston College, 140 Commonwealth Ave, Higgins Hall Room 360, Chestnut Hill MA 02467 USA
| | - Mia Prado
- Department of Biological Sciences, The George Washington University, Science and Engineering Hall, 800 22nd Street NW, Suite 6000, Washington, DC 20052 USA
| | - Rajendra Singh
- Biology Department, Boston College, 140 Commonwealth Ave, Higgins Hall Room 360, Chestnut Hill MA 02467 USA
| | - L. Patricia Hernandez
- Department of Biological Sciences, The George Washington University, Science and Engineering Hall, 800 22nd Street NW, Suite 6000, Washington, DC 20052 USA
| | - Sarah K. McMenamin
- Biology Department, Boston College, 140 Commonwealth Ave, Higgins Hall Room 360, Chestnut Hill MA 02467 USA
- corresponding author: Sarah K. McMenamin:
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4
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Gilbert MC, Tetrault E, Packard M, Navon D, Albertson RC. Ciliary Rootlet Coiled-Coil 2 (crocc2) Is Associated with Evolutionary Divergence and Plasticity of Cichlid Jaw Shape. Mol Biol Evol 2021; 38:3078-3092. [PMID: 33720362 PMCID: PMC8321518 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msab071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cichlid fishes exhibit rapid, extensive, and replicative adaptive radiation in feeding morphology. Plasticity of the cichlid jaw has also been well documented, and this combination of iterative evolution and developmental plasticity has led to the proposition that the cichlid feeding apparatus represents a morphological "flexible stem." Under this scenario, the fixation of environmentally sensitive genetic variation drives evolutionary divergence along a phenotypic axis established by the initial plastic response. Thus, if plasticity is predictable then so too should be the evolutionary response. We set out to explore these ideas at the molecular level by identifying genes that underlie both the evolution and plasticity of the cichlid jaw. As a first step, we fine-mapped an environment-specific quantitative trait loci for lower jaw shape in cichlids, and identified a nonsynonymous mutation in the ciliary rootlet coiled-coil 2 (crocc2), which encodes a major structural component of the primary cilium. Given that primary cilia play key roles in skeletal mechanosensing, we reasoned that this gene may confer its effects by regulating the sensitivity of bone to respond to mechanical input. Using both cichlids and zebrafish, we confirmed this prediction through a series of experiments targeting multiple levels of biological organization. Taken together, our results implicate crocc2 as a novel mediator of bone formation, plasticity, and evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle C Gilbert
- Graduate Program in Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Emily Tetrault
- Graduate Program in Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Mary Packard
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Dina Navon
- Graduate Program in Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - R Craig Albertson
- Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
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5
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Miyashita T, Baddam P, Smeeton J, Oel AP, Natarajan N, Gordon B, Palmer AR, Crump JG, Graf D, Allison WT. nkx3.2 mutant zebrafish accommodate jaw joint loss through a phenocopy of the head shapes of Paleozoic jawless fish. J Exp Biol 2020; 223:jeb216945. [PMID: 32527964 PMCID: PMC10668335 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.216945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The vertebrate jaw is a versatile feeding apparatus. To function, it requires a joint between the upper and lower jaws, so jaw joint defects are often highly disruptive and difficult to study. To describe the consequences of jaw joint dysfunction, we engineered two independent null alleles of a single jaw joint marker gene, nkx3.2, in zebrafish. These mutations caused zebrafish to become functionally jawless via fusion of the upper and lower jaw cartilages (ankylosis). Despite lacking jaw joints, nkx3.2 mutants survived to adulthood and accommodated this defect by: (a) having a remodeled skull with a fixed open gape, reduced snout and enlarged branchial region; and (b) performing ram feeding in the absence of jaw-generated suction. The late onset and broad extent of phenotypic changes in the mutants suggest that modifications to the skull are induced by functional agnathia, secondarily to nkx3.2 loss of function. Interestingly, nkx3.2 mutants superficially resemble ancient jawless vertebrates (anaspids and furcacaudiid thelodonts) in overall head shape. Because no homology exists in individual skull elements between these taxa, the adult nkx3.2 phenotype is not a reversal but rather a convergence due to similar functional requirements of feeding without moveable jaws. This remarkable analogy strongly suggests that jaw movements themselves dramatically influence the development of jawed vertebrate skulls. Thus, these mutants provide a unique model with which to: (a) investigate adaptive responses to perturbation in skeletal development; (b) re-evaluate evolutionarily inspired interpretations of phenocopies generated by gene knockdowns and knockouts; and (c) gain insight into feeding mechanics of the extinct agnathans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuto Miyashita
- Department of Organismal Biology and Anatomy, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G 2E9
| | - Pranidhi Baddam
- Department of Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G 2R3
| | - Joanna Smeeton
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, W. M. Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - A Phil Oel
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G 2E9
- Developmental Biology Unit, European Molecular Biology Laboratory, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Natasha Natarajan
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, W. M. Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Brogan Gordon
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G 2E9
| | - A Richard Palmer
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G 2E9
| | - J Gage Crump
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, W. M. Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Daniel Graf
- Department of Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G 2R3
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G 2R7
| | - W Ted Allison
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G 2E9
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6G 2R7
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6
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Marcé-Nogué J, Liu J. Evaluating fidelity of CT based 3D models for Zebrafish conductive hearing system. Micron 2020; 135:102874. [PMID: 32388237 DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2020.102874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The zebrafish Weberian apparatus is an emerging model for human conductive hearing system. Their Weberian apparatus comprises minute bones and ligamentary links, and conducts sound pressure transmission from the gas bladder to inner ear through four pairs of Weberian ossicles along the vertebral column. We herein present a methodological study using MicroCT to image the Weberian apparatus for biomechanical and morphological analysis. The aim of this work is to evaluate computational models generated from multiple MicroCT scans with different parameters, to identify the most feasible scan combination for practical (minimized scan time) yet accurate (relative to highest resolution) biomechanical simulations. We segmented and created 3D models from CT scan image stacks at 4.64 μm, 5.05 μm, 9.30 μm and 13.08 μm voxel resolutions, respectively. Then, we used geometric morphometrics analysis to quantify inter-model shape differences, as well as a series of finite element modal and harmonic analyses to simulate auditory signal vibrations. Relative to the highest resolution and most accurate model, the Model 9.30 is closest in overall geometry and biomechanical behavior of all lower resolution models. The differences in resolution and quality of the CT substantially affect the segmentation and reconstruction process of the three-dimensional model of the ossicles, and the subsequent analyses. We conclude that scan voxel resolution is a key factor influencing outcomes of biomechanical simulations of delicate and minute structures, especially when studying the harmonic response of minute ossicles connected by ligaments using finite element modeling. Furthermore, contrast variations in CT images as determined by x-ray power and scan speed, also affect fidelity in 3D models and simulation outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Marcé-Nogué
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, NY, USA; Institut Català de Paleontologia Miquel Crusafont, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan Liu
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, NY, USA.
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7
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Yang G, Qin Z, Kou H, Liang R, Zhao L, Jiang S, Lin L, Zhang K. A Comparative Genomic and Transcriptional Survey Providing Novel Insights into Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 ( bmp2) in Fishes. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E6137. [PMID: 31817477 PMCID: PMC6940749 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20246137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Intermuscular bones (IBs) are only found in the muscles of fish. Bone morphogenetic protein 2 (bmp2) is considered to be the most active single osteogenesis factor. It promotes cell proliferation and differentiation during bone repair, as well as inducing the formation of bones and cartilages in vivo. However, detailed investigations of this family in fish are incredibly limited. Here, we have used a variety of published and unpublished bmp2 sequences for teleosts and cartilage fish in order to explore and expand our understanding of bmp2 genes in fish. Our results confirmed that teleost genomes contain two or more bmp2 genes, and the diversity of bmp2 genes in vertebrates appears to be as a result of a combination of whole genome duplication (WGD) and gene loss. Differences were also observed in tissue distribution and relative transcription abundance of the bmp2s through a transcriptomic analysis. Our data also indicated that bmp2b may play an important role in the formation of IBs in teleosts. In addition, protein sequence alignments and 3D structural predictions of bmp2a and bmp2b supported their similar roles in fishes. To summarize, our existing work provided novel insights into the bmp2 family genes in fishes through a mixture of comparative genomic and transcriptomic analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Water Environment and Aquatic Products Security Engineering Technology, Research Center, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Waterfowl Breeding, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China; (G.Y.); (Z.Q.); (R.L.); (L.Z.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, College of Life Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Zhendong Qin
- Guangdong Provincial Water Environment and Aquatic Products Security Engineering Technology, Research Center, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Waterfowl Breeding, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China; (G.Y.); (Z.Q.); (R.L.); (L.Z.)
| | - Hongyan Kou
- Guangdong Provincial Water Environment and Aquatic Products Security Engineering Technology, Research Center, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Waterfowl Breeding, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China; (G.Y.); (Z.Q.); (R.L.); (L.Z.)
| | - Rishen Liang
- Guangdong Provincial Water Environment and Aquatic Products Security Engineering Technology, Research Center, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Waterfowl Breeding, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China; (G.Y.); (Z.Q.); (R.L.); (L.Z.)
| | - Lijuan Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Water Environment and Aquatic Products Security Engineering Technology, Research Center, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Waterfowl Breeding, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China; (G.Y.); (Z.Q.); (R.L.); (L.Z.)
| | - Shoujia Jiang
- Shenzhen Key Lab of Marine Genomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Molecular Breeding in Marine Economic Animals, BGI Academy of Marine Sciences, BGI Marine, BGI, Shenzhen 518083, China;
| | - Li Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Water Environment and Aquatic Products Security Engineering Technology, Research Center, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Waterfowl Breeding, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China; (G.Y.); (Z.Q.); (R.L.); (L.Z.)
| | - Kai Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Water Environment and Aquatic Products Security Engineering Technology, Research Center, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Waterfowl Breeding, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China; (G.Y.); (Z.Q.); (R.L.); (L.Z.)
- Division of Life Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong 93117, China
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8
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KEER STEPHANIE, COHEN KARLY, MAY CATHERINE, HU YINAN, McMENAMIN SARAH, HERNANDEZ LUZPATRICIA. Anatomical Assessment of the Adult Skeleton of Zebrafish Reared Under Different Thyroid Hormone Profiles. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2019; 302:1754-1769. [PMID: 30989809 PMCID: PMC6800157 DOI: 10.1002/ar.24139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 12/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid hormone (TH) directs the growth and maintenance of tissues throughout the body during development and into adulthood, and plays a particularly important role in proper ossification and homeostasis of the skeleton. To better understand the roles of TH in the skeletogenesis of a vertebrate model, and to define areas of the skeleton that are particularly sensitive to developmental TH, we examined the effects of hypo- and hyperthyroidism on skeletal development in zebrafish. Performing a bone-by-bone anatomical assessment on the entire skeleton of adult fish, we found that TH is required for proper ossification, growth, morphogenesis, and fusion of numerous bones. We showed that the pectoral girdle, dermatocranium, Weberian apparatus, and dentary are particularly sensitive to TH, and that TH affects development of skeletal element regardless of bone type and developmental origin. Indeed, the hormone does not universally promote ossification: we found that developmental TH prevents ectopic ossification in multiple thin bones and within connective tissue of the jaw. In all, we found that TH regulates proper morphogenesis and ossification in the majority of zebrafish bones, and that the requirement for the hormone extends across bone types and developmental profiles. Anat Rec, 302:1754-1769, 2019. © 2019 American Association for Anatomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- STEPHANIE KEER
- Department of Biological Sciences, The George Washington
University, Science and Engineering Hall, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - KARLY COHEN
- Department of Biological Sciences, The George Washington
University, Science and Engineering Hall, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - CATHERINE MAY
- Biology Department, Boston College, Chestnut Hill,
Massachusetts
| | - YINAN HU
- Biology Department, Boston College, Chestnut Hill,
Massachusetts
| | - SARAH McMENAMIN
- Biology Department, Boston College, Chestnut Hill,
Massachusetts
| | - LUZ PATRICIA HERNANDEZ
- Department of Biological Sciences, The George Washington
University, Science and Engineering Hall, Washington, District of Columbia
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9
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Galindo D, Sweet E, DeLeon Z, Wagner M, DeLeon A, Carter C, McMenamin SK, Cooper WJ. Thyroid hormone modulation during zebrafish development recapitulates evolved diversity in danionin jaw protrusion mechanics. Evol Dev 2019; 21:231-246. [PMID: 31374588 PMCID: PMC6815664 DOI: 10.1111/ede.12299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Protrusile jaws are a highly useful innovation that has been linked to extensive diversification in fish feeding ecology. Jaw protrusion can enhance the performance of multiple functions, such as suction production and capturing elusive prey. Identifying the developmental factors that alter protrusion ability will improve our understanding of fish diversification. In the zebrafish protrusion arises postmetamorphosis. Fish metamorphosis typically includes significant changes in trophic morphology, accompanies a shift in feeding niche and coincides with increased thyroid hormone production. We tested whether thyroid hormone affects the development of zebrafish feeding mechanics. We found that it affected all developmental stages examined, but that effects were most pronounced after metamorphosis. Thyroid hormone levels affected the development of jaw morphology, feeding mechanics, shape variation, and cranial ossification. Adult zebrafish utilize protrusile jaws, but an absence of thyroid hormone impaired development of the premaxillary bone, which is critical to jaw protrusion. Premaxillae from early juvenile zebrafish and hypothyroid adult zebrafish resemble those from adults in the genera Danionella, Devario, and Microdevario that show little to no jaw protrusion. Our findings suggest that evolutionary changes in how the developing skulls of danionin minnows respond to thyroid hormone may have promoted diversification into different feeding niches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Demi Galindo
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington
| | - Elly Sweet
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington
| | - Zoey DeLeon
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington
| | - Mitchel Wagner
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington
| | - Adrian DeLeon
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington
| | - Casey Carter
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington
| | | | - W. James Cooper
- School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington
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10
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Britz R, Conway KW. Danionella dracula, an escape from the cypriniform Bauplan via developmental truncation? J Morphol 2015; 277:147-66. [PMID: 26589666 DOI: 10.1002/jmor.20486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Revised: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We provide a detailed account of the osteology of the miniature Asian freshwater cyprinid fish Danionella dracula. The skeleton of D. dracula shows a high degree of developmental truncation when compared to most other cyprinids, including its close relative the zebrafish Danio rerio. Sixty-one bones, parts thereof or cartilages present in most other cyprinids are missing in D. dracula. This impressive organism-wide case of progenesis renders it one of the most developmentally truncated bony fishes or even vertebrates. Danionella dracula lacks six of the eight unique synapomorphies that define the order Cypriniformes and has, thus, departed from the cypriniform Bauplan more dramatically than any other member of this group. This escape from one of the most successful Baupläne among bony fishes may have been facilitated by the organism-wide progenesis encountered in D. dracula. By returning in its skeletal structure to the early developmental condition of other cypriniforms, D. dracula may have managed to overcome the evolutionary constraints associated with this Bauplan and opened up new evolutionary avenues that enabled it to evolve a number of striking morphological novelties, including its tooth-like odontoid processes and a complex drumming apparatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralf Britz
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London, SW7 SBD, UK
| | - Kevin W Conway
- Department of Wildlife and Fisheries Sciences and Biodiversity Research and Teaching Collections, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, 77843, USA
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11
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Li IJ, Chang CJ, Liu SC, Abe G, Ota KG. Postembryonic staging of wild-type goldfish, with brief reference to skeletal systems. Dev Dyn 2015; 244:1485-518. [PMID: 26316229 PMCID: PMC5054871 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Revised: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Artificial selection of postembryonic features is known to have established morphological variation in goldfish (Carassius auratus). Although previous studies have suggested that goldfish and zebrafish are almost directly comparable at the embryonic level, little is known at the postembryonic level. Results: Here, we categorized the postembryonic developmental process in the wild‐type goldfish into 11 different stages. We also report certain differences between the postembryonic developmental processes of goldfish and zebrafish, especially in the skeletal systems (scales and median fin skeletons), suggesting that postembryonic development underwent evolutionary divergence in these two teleost species. Conclusions: Our postembryonic staging system of wild‐type goldfish paves the way for careful and appropriate comparison with other teleost species. The staging system will also facilitate comparative ontogenic analyses between wild‐type and mutant goldfish strains, allowing us to closely study the relationship between artificial selection and molecular developmental mechanisms in vertebrates. Developmental Dynamics 244:1485–1518, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. This study provides the first reliable descriptions of normal post‐embryonic stages of wild type goldfish. Several post‐embryonic features of goldfish and zebrafish are diverged in these two teleost lineages. Goldfish larvae and juvenile provide a novel model for the investigation of the evolutionary relationship between domestication and ontogeny.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ing-Jia Li
- Laboratory of Aquatic Zoology, Marine Research Station, Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Yilan, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Ju Chang
- Laboratory of Aquatic Zoology, Marine Research Station, Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Yilan, Taiwan
| | - Shi-Chieh Liu
- Laboratory of Aquatic Zoology, Marine Research Station, Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Yilan, Taiwan
| | - Gembu Abe
- Laboratory of Aquatic Zoology, Marine Research Station, Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Yilan, Taiwan
| | - Kinya G Ota
- Laboratory of Aquatic Zoology, Marine Research Station, Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Yilan, Taiwan
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Hernandez LP, Staab KL. Bottom Feeding and Beyond: How the Premaxillary Protrusion of Cypriniforms Allowed for a Novel Kind of Suction Feeding. Integr Comp Biol 2015; 55:74-84. [PMID: 25976909 DOI: 10.1093/icb/icv038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
While much of the functional work on suction feeding has involved members of Acanthopterygii, an earlier cypriniform radiation led to over 3200 species filling nearly every freshwater trophic niche. Within the great majority of acanthomorph clades that have been investigated suction feeding and the underlying morphology responsible for the generation of rapid suction have been largely conserved. This conserved feeding-apparatus is often associated with increasing the force experienced by the prey item, thus making a strike on elusive prey more effective. Cypriniforms' trophic anatomy is comprised of a number of novelties used for benthic feeding, which characterized early members of this clade. The modified cypriniform structure of the oral jaws represents a situation in which a particular type of suction feeding allowed for probing the benthos with a more functionally maneuverable anatomy. Requisite evolutionary modifications included origin and elongation of a median kinethmoid, duplications of certain divisions of the muscles of the adductor mandibulae, and origin of a dorsal, intra-buccal muscular palatal organ used in winnowing detritus. The elongated kinethmoid (coupled with modified adductor muscles) allowed for a type of premaxillary protrusion that decoupled the upper and lower jaws, enabled premaxillary protrusions with a closed mouth, and facilitated benthic feeding by increasing functional flexibility. The resultant flow of fluid generated by cypriniforms is also quite flexible, with multiple instances of peak flow in a single feeding event. This greatly modified morphology allowed for a degree of kinematic maneuverability not seen within most acanthomorphs. Later cypriniform radiations into piscivorous, insectivorous, or planktivorous feeding guilds were associated with shortening of the kinethmoid and with simplified morphology of the adductor, likely involving an emphasis on ram feeding. Although this suite of morphological novelties seemingly originated within the context of benthic feeding, with minimal modifications these anatomical features were later coopted during radiations into different functional niches.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Patricia Hernandez
- *Department of Biological Sciences, The George Washington University, Science and Engineering Hall, 800 22nd Street NW, Suite 6000, Washington, DC 20052, USA; Department of Biology, McDaniel College, 2 College Hill, Westminster, MD 21157, USA
| | - Katie Lynn Staab
- *Department of Biological Sciences, The George Washington University, Science and Engineering Hall, 800 22nd Street NW, Suite 6000, Washington, DC 20052, USA; Department of Biology, McDaniel College, 2 College Hill, Westminster, MD 21157, USA
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13
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Britz R, Conway KW, Rüber L. Miniatures, morphology and molecules: Paedocypris and its phylogenetic position (Teleostei, Cypriniformes). Zool J Linn Soc 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/zoj12184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ralf Britz
- Department of Zoology, Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London, SW7 5BD, UK
| | - Kevin W. Conway
- Department of Wildlife and Fisheries Sciences and Biodiversity Research and Teaching Collections, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Lukas Rüber
- Naturhistorisches Museum der Burgergemeinde Bern, Bernastrasse 15, 3005, Bern, Switzerland
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Britz R, Conway KW, Rüber L. Miniatures, morphology and molecules:Paedocyprisand its phylogenetic position (Teleostei, Cypriniformes). Zool J Linn Soc 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ralf Britz
- Department of Zoology; Natural History Museum; Cromwell Road London SW7 5BD UK
| | - Kevin W. Conway
- Department of Wildlife and Fisheries Sciences and Biodiversity Research and Teaching Collections; Texas A&M University; College Station TX 77843 USA
| | - Lukas Rüber
- Naturhistorisches Museum der Burgergemeinde Bern; Bernastrasse 15 3005 Bern Switzerland
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15
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Datovo A, Vari RP. The adductor mandibulae muscle complex in lower teleostean fishes (Osteichthyes: Actinopterygii): comparative anatomy, synonymy, and phylogenetic implications. Zool J Linn Soc 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aléssio Datovo
- Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo; Av. Nazaré 481 04263-000 São Paulo SP Brazil
- Laboratório de Ictiologia de Ribeirão Preto; FFCLRP; Departamento de Biologia; Universidade de São Paulo; Av. dos Bandeirantes 3900 14040-901 Ribeirão Preto SP Brazil
- Division of Fishes; Department of Vertebrate Zoology; National Museum of Natural History; Smithsonian Institution; MRC-159, PO Box 37012 Washington, DC 20013-7012 USA
| | - Richard P. Vari
- Division of Fishes; Department of Vertebrate Zoology; National Museum of Natural History; Smithsonian Institution; MRC-159, PO Box 37012 Washington, DC 20013-7012 USA
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16
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De Meyer J, Geerinckx T. Using the whole body as a sucker: Combining respiration and feeding with an attached lifestyle in hill stream loaches (Balitoridae, Cypriniformes). J Morphol 2014; 275:1066-79. [DOI: 10.1002/jmor.20286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2013] [Revised: 03/06/2014] [Accepted: 03/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jens De Meyer
- Department of Biology, Evolutionary Morphology of Vertebrates; Ghent University (UGent); 9000 Ghent Belgium
| | - Tom Geerinckx
- Department of Biology, Evolutionary Morphology of Vertebrates; Ghent University (UGent); 9000 Ghent Belgium
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17
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Datovo A, Vari RP. The jaw adductor muscle complex in teleostean fishes: evolution, homologies and revised nomenclature (osteichthyes: actinopterygii). PLoS One 2013; 8:e60846. [PMID: 23565279 PMCID: PMC3614958 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0060846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2013] [Accepted: 03/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The infraclass Teleostei is a highly diversified group of bony fishes that encompasses 96% of all species of living fishes and almost half of extant vertebrates. Evolution of various morphological complexes in teleosts, particularly those involving soft anatomy, remains poorly understood. Notable among these problematic complexes is the adductor mandibulae, the muscle that provides the primary force for jaw adduction and mouth closure and whose architecture varies from a simple arrangement of two segments to an intricate complex of up to ten discrete subdivisions. The present study analyzed multiple morphological attributes of the adductor mandibulae in representatives of 53 of the 55 extant teleostean orders, as well as significant information from the literature in order to elucidate the homologies of the main subdivisions of this muscle. The traditional alphanumeric terminology applied to the four main divisions of the adductor mandibulae - A1, A2, A3, and Aω - patently fails to reflect homologous components of that muscle across the expanse of the Teleostei. Some features traditionally used as landmarks for identification of some divisions of the adductor mandibulae proved highly variable across the Teleostei; notably the insertion on the maxilla and the position of muscle components relative to the path of the ramus mandibularis trigeminus nerve. The evolutionary model of gain and loss of sections of the adductor mandibulae most commonly adopted under the alphanumeric system additionally proved ontogenetically incongruent and less parsimonious than a model of subdivision and coalescence of facial muscle sections. Results of the analysis demonstrate the impossibility of adapting the alphanumeric terminology so as to reflect homologous entities across the spectrum of teleosts. A new nomenclatural scheme is proposed in order to achieve congruence between homology and nomenclature of the adductor mandibulae components across the entire Teleostei.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aléssio Datovo
- Laboratório de Ictiologia, Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Gidmark NJ, Staab KL, Brainerd EL, Hernandez LP. Flexibility in starting posture drives flexibility in kinematic behavior of the kinethmoid-mediated premaxillary protrusion mechanism in a cyprinid fish, Cyprinus carpio. J Exp Biol 2012; 215:2262-72. [DOI: 10.1242/jeb.070516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARY
Premaxillary protrusion in cypriniform fishes involves rotation of the kinethmoid, an unpaired skeletal element in the dorsal midline of the rostrum. No muscles insert directly onto the kinethmoid, so its rotation must be caused by the movement of other bones. In turn, the kinethmoid is thought to push on the ascending processes of the premaxillae, effecting protrusion. To determine the causes and effects of kinethmoid motion, we used XROMM (x-ray reconstruction of moving morphology) to measure the kinematics of cranial bones in common carp, Cyprinus carpio. Mean kinethmoid rotation was 83 deg during premaxillary protrusion (18 events in 3 individuals). The kinethmoid rotates in a coordinated way with ventral translation of the maxillary bridge, and this ventral translation is likely driven primarily by the A1β muscle. Analyses of flexibility (variability between behaviors) and coordination (correlation between bones within a behavior) indicate that motion of the maxillary bridge, not the lower jaw, drives premaxillary protrusion. Thus, upper jaw protrusion is decoupled from lower jaw depression, allowing for two separate modes of protrusion, open mouth and closed mouth. These behaviors serve different functions: to procure food and to sort food, respectively. Variation in starting posture of the maxilla alone dictates which type of protrusion is performed; downstream motions are invariant. For closed mouth protrusion, a ventrally displaced maxillary starting posture causes kinethmoid rotation to produce more ventrally directed premaxillary protrusion. This flexibility, bestowed by the kinethmoid–maxillary bridge–A1β mechanism, one of several evolutionary novelties in the cypriniform feeding mechanism, may have contributed to the impressive trophic diversity that characterizes this speciose lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J. Gidmark
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Katie Lynn Staab
- Department of Biological Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Elizabeth L. Brainerd
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - L. Patricia Hernandez
- Department of Biological Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
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Staab KL, Holzman R, Hernandez LP, Wainwright PC. Independently evolved upper jaw protrusion mechanisms show convergent hydrodynamic function in teleost fishes. J Exp Biol 2012; 215:1456-63. [DOI: 10.1242/jeb.066308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARY
A protrusible upper jaw has independently evolved multiple times within teleosts and has been implicated in the success of two groups in particular: Acanthomorpha and Cypriniformes. We use digital particle image velocimetry (DPIV) to compare suction feeding flow dynamics in a representative of each of these clades: goldfish and bluegill. Using DPIV, we contrast the spatial pattern of flow, the temporal relationship between flow and head kinematics, and the contribution of jaw protrusion to the forces exerted on prey. As expected, the spatial patterns of flow were similar in the two species. However, goldfish were slower to reach maximal kinematic excursions, and were more flexible in the relative timing of jaw protrusion, other jaw movements and suction flows. Goldfish were also able to sustain flow speeds for a prolonged period of time as compared with bluegill, in part because goldfish generate lower peak flow speeds. In both species, jaw protrusion increased the force exerted on the prey. However, slower jaw protrusion in goldfish resulted in less augmentation of suction forces. This difference in force exerted on prey corresponds with differences in trophic niches and feeding behavior of the two species. The bluegill uses powerful suction to capture insect larvae whereas the goldfish uses winnowing to sort through detritus and sediment. The kinethmoid of goldfish may permit jaw protrusion that is independent of lower jaw movement, which could explain the ability of goldfish to decouple suction flows (due to buccal expansion) from upper jaw protrusion. Nevertheless, our results show that jaw protrusion allows both species to augment the force exerted on prey, suggesting that this is a fundamental benefit of jaw protrusion to suction feeders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie Lynn Staab
- The George Washington University, Department of Biological Sciences, 2023 G Street NW, Lisner Hall Room 340, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | - Roi Holzman
- The Interuniversity Institute for Marine Sciences, and Department of Zoology, Tel-Aviv University, POB 469, Eilat 88103, Israel
| | - L. Patricia Hernandez
- The George Washington University, Department of Biological Sciences, 2023 G Street NW, Lisner Hall Room 340, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | - Peter C. Wainwright
- Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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20
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Staab KL, Ferry LA, Hernandez LP. Comparative kinematics of cypriniform premaxillary protrusion. ZOOLOGY 2012; 115:65-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.zool.2011.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2011] [Revised: 08/11/2011] [Accepted: 09/26/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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21
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Shkil FN, Borisov VB, Abdissa B, Smirnov SV. Role of thyroid hormone in the ontogeny and morphological diversification of Barbus intermedius sensu Banister, 1973 of Lake Tana in Ethiopia. Russ J Dev Biol 2010. [DOI: 10.1134/s1062360410060044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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22
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Eagderi S, Adriaens D. Cephalic morphology of Pythonichthys macrurus (Heterenchelyidae: Anguilliformes): specializations for head-first burrowing. J Morphol 2010; 271:1053-65. [PMID: 20730919 DOI: 10.1002/jmor.10852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The Heterenchelyidae, a family of Anguilliformes, are highly specialized fossorial eels. This study was conducted to evaluate the cranial specialization in relation to head-first burrowing behavior in the heterenchelyid, Pythonichthys macrurus. Thereby, detailed descriptions are provided of the cranial myology and osteology of P. macrurus and its differences with that of representatives of three families: the Moringuidae (Moringua edwardsi), a head-first burrower; the Anguillidae (Anguilla anguilla), a nonburrowing representative and the Ophichthidae (Pisodonophis boro), a head and tail-first burrower. This comparison may help to get a better understanding of the cranial specialization of head-first burrowers in heterenchelyids and moringuids. We recognize as morphological adaptations to burrowing: reduced eye size, a caudoventral orientation of the anteromedial section of the adductor mandibulae muscle complex, the posterior position of the quadrate-mandibular joint, a solid conical skull, large insertion sites of epaxial and hypaxial muscle on the neurocranium, a widened cephalic lateral line canals extending into the dermal cavities, and a ventral position of the gill opening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soheil Eagderi
- Evolutionary Morphology of Vertebrates, Department of Biology, Ghent University, 9000 Gent, Belgium.
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23
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Staab KL, Hernandez LP. Development of the cypriniform protrusible jaw complex in Danio rerio: constructional insights for evolution. J Morphol 2010; 271:814-25. [PMID: 20235155 DOI: 10.1002/jmor.10836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Studies on the evolution of complex biological systems are difficult because the construction of these traits cannot be observed during the course of evolution. Complex traits are defined as consisting of multiple elements, often of differing embryological origins, with multiple linkages integrated to form a single functional unit. An example of a complex system is the cypriniform oral jaw apparatus. Cypriniform fishes possess an upper jaw characterized by premaxillary protrusion during feeding. Cypriniforms effect protrusion via the kinethmoid, a synapomorphy for the order. The kinethmoid is a sesamoid ossification suspended by ligaments attaching to the premaxillae, maxillae, palatines, and neurocranium. Upon mouth opening, the kinethmoid rotates as the premaxillae move anteriorly. Along with bony and ligamentous elements, there are three divisions of the adductor mandibulae that render this system functional. It is unclear how cypriniform jaws evolved because although the evolution of sesamoid elements is common, the incorporation of the kinethmoid into the protrusible jaw results in a function that is atypical for sesamoids. Developmental studies can show how biological systems are assembled within individuals and offer clues about how traits might have been constructed during evolution. We investigated the development of the protrusible upper jaw in zebrafish to generate hypotheses regarding the evolution of this character. Early in development, the adductor mandibulae arises as a single unit. The muscle divides after ossification of the maxillae, on which the A1 division will ultimately insert. A cartilaginous kinethmoid first develops within the intermaxillary ligament; it later ossifies at points of ligamentous attachment. We combine our structural developmental data with published kinematic data at key developmental stages and discuss potential functional advantages in possessing even the earliest stages of a system for protrusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie Lynn Staab
- Department of Biological Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA.
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24
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Shkil' FN, Borisov VB, Smirnov SV. Influence of thyroid hormone on the sequence of cranial bones appearance in early ontogeny of the large African barb (Labeobarbus intermedius; Cyprinidae; Teleostei). DOKLADY BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES : PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE USSR, BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES SECTIONS 2010; 432:224-6. [PMID: 20665160 DOI: 10.1134/s0012496610030166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F N Shkil'
- Kol'tzov Institute of Developmental Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Vavilova 26, Moscow, 119334, Russia
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25
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Fink WL, Humphries JH. Morphological Description of the Extinct North American Sucker Moxostoma lacerum (Ostariophysi, Catostomidae), Based on High-Resolution X-Ray Computed Tomography. COPEIA 2010. [DOI: 10.1643/ci-09-089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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26
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Cooper WJ, Westneat MW. Form and function of damselfish skulls: rapid and repeated evolution into a limited number of trophic niches. BMC Evol Biol 2009; 9:24. [PMID: 19183467 PMCID: PMC2654721 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2148-9-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2008] [Accepted: 01/30/2009] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Damselfishes (Perciformes, Pomacentridae) are a major component of coral reef communities, and the functional diversity of their trophic anatomy is an important constituent of the ecological morphology of these systems. Using shape analyses, biomechanical modelling, and phylogenetically based comparative methods, we examined the anatomy of damselfish feeding among all genera and trophic groups. Coordinate based shape analyses of anatomical landmarks were used to describe patterns of morphological diversity and determine positions of functional groups in a skull morphospace. These landmarks define the lever and linkage structures of the damselfish feeding system, and biomechanical analyses of this data were performed using the software program JawsModel4 in order to calculate the simple mechanical advantage (MA) employed by different skull elements during feeding, and to compute kinematic transmission coefficients (KT) that describe the efficiency with which angular motion is transferred through the complex linkages of damselfish skulls. RESULTS Our results indicate that pomacentrid planktivores are significantly different from other damselfishes, that biting MA values and protrusion KT ratios are correlated with pomacentrid trophic groups more tightly than KT scores associated with maxillary rotation and gape angle, and that the MAs employed by their three biting muscles have evolved independently. Most of the biomechanical parameters examined have experienced low levels of phylogenetic constraint, which suggests that they have evolved quickly. CONCLUSION Joint morphological and biomechanical analyses of the same anatomical data provided two reciprocally illuminating arrays of information. Both analyses showed that the evolution of planktivory has involved important changes in pomacentrid functional morphology, and that the mechanics of upper jaw kinesis have been of great importance to the evolution of damselfish feeding. Our data support a tight and biomechanically defined link between structure and the functional ecology of fish skulls, and indicate that certain mechanisms for transmitting motion through their jaw linkages may require particular anatomical configurations, a conclusion that contravenes the concept of "many-to-one mapping" for fish jaw mechanics. Damselfish trophic evolution is characterized by rapid and repeated shifts between a small number of eco-morphological states, an evolutionary pattern that we describe as reticulate adaptive radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- W James Cooper
- Department of Organismal Biology & Anatomy, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Department of Zoology, Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, IL 60605, USA
- Department of Biology, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA
| | - Mark W Westneat
- Department of Organismal Biology & Anatomy, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
- Department of Zoology, Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, IL 60605, USA
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Schilling TF, Webb J. Considering the zebrafish in a comparative context. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY PART B-MOLECULAR AND DEVELOPMENTAL EVOLUTION 2007; 308:515-22. [PMID: 17688262 DOI: 10.1002/jez.b.21191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
This article introduces a special issue on zebrafish biology that attempts to integrate developmental genetics with comparative studies of other fish species. For zebrafish researchers, comparative work offers a better understanding of the evolutionary history of their model system. Comparative biologists can gain many insights from the developmental and genetic mechanisms revealed in zebrafish that have contributed to the huge range of morphological variation among fishes that has arisen over millions of years. These ideas are considered here in various contexts, including systematics, genome organization and the development of the nervous system, pigmentation, craniofacial skeleton and dentition. Studies of the zebrafish in phylogenetic context provide an opportunity for synergy between communities using these two fundamentally different approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas F Schilling
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2300, USA.
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