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Broutin A, K Bidi-Lebihan A, Canceill T, Vaysse F, Bloch-Zupan A, Bailleul-Forestier I, Noirrit-Esclassan E. Association between malocclusions and amelogenesis imperfecta genotype and phenotype: A systematic review. Int Orthod 2023; 21:100789. [PMID: 37494776 DOI: 10.1016/j.ortho.2023.100789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of this systematic review (Prospero CRD42022323188) is to investigate whether an association exists in patients with amelogenesis imperfecta (AI) between occlusal characteristics and genotype on the one hand and enamel structural phenotype on the other. MATERIAL AND METHODS Reports up to May 2023 assessing occlusion of individuals with AI were browsed in a systematic search using Medline, Embase, ISI Web of Science, and the grey literature. Randomised control trials, case control studies, and case series specifying both occlusion, assessed by cephalometric or clinical analysis, and genotype or dental phenotype in patients with AI were included without any age limitation. Two authors independently selected the publications and extracted the data in accordance with the PRISMA statement. The risk of bias was assessed with the Critical Appraisal Checklists from the Johanna Briggs Institute. RESULTS Twenty-five articles were chosen from the 261 results. Most of the included publications were case series (n=22) and case control studies (n=3). Thirteen studies reported both a genotype (ENAM, FAM83H, FAM20A, DLX3, CNMM4, WDR72) and occlusal diagnostic. The methodological quality of the studies was moderate. All AI phenotypes showed an open bite (OB) rate around 35%, except mixed form. The other malocclusions were not often mentioned. No correlation between occlusal phenotype and genotype or AI phenotype could be identified in patients with AI, as most studies had short occlusal descriptions and small sample sizes. CONCLUSION OB malocclusions were more frequently reported in AI. This review highlighted the need for a more accurate description of orofacial features associated with AI, to better clarify the role of amelogenesis genes in the regulation of craniofacial morphogenesis and identify patients requiring orthognathic surgery at an early stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Broutin
- Paediatric Dentistry Unit, CHU de Toulouse, University Toulouse III, Toulouse, France; Team IDEA: identification, environments et anthropometry, UMR 5288, CAGT - Centre for Anthropobiology and Genomics of Toulouse. University Paul-Sabatier Toulouse III, Toulouse, France
| | - Angélique K Bidi-Lebihan
- Team IDEA: identification, environments et anthropometry, UMR 5288, CAGT - Centre for Anthropobiology and Genomics of Toulouse. University Paul-Sabatier Toulouse III, Toulouse, France
| | - Thibault Canceill
- Inserm, In COMM (Intestine ClinicOmics Microbiota & Metabolism), UMR 1297, Toulouse, France
| | - Frédéric Vaysse
- Paediatric Dentistry Unit, CHU de Toulouse, University Toulouse III, Toulouse, France; Team IDEA: identification, environments et anthropometry, UMR 5288, CAGT - Centre for Anthropobiology and Genomics of Toulouse. University Paul-Sabatier Toulouse III, Toulouse, France; Competence Centre of Oral Diseases, CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Agnès Bloch-Zupan
- Reference Centre of Oral Diseases, CHU de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France; Inserm U964, institut de génétique et de biologie moléculaire et cellulaire (IGBMC), UMR7104 CNRS-ULP, Strasbourg, France
| | - Isabelle Bailleul-Forestier
- Team IDEA: identification, environments et anthropometry, UMR 5288, CAGT - Centre for Anthropobiology and Genomics of Toulouse. University Paul-Sabatier Toulouse III, Toulouse, France; Competence Centre of Oral Diseases, CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Emmanuelle Noirrit-Esclassan
- Team IDEA: identification, environments et anthropometry, UMR 5288, CAGT - Centre for Anthropobiology and Genomics of Toulouse. University Paul-Sabatier Toulouse III, Toulouse, France; Competence Centre of Oral Diseases, CHU de Toulouse, Toulouse, France; Inserm, UMR1297 I2MC, Toulouse, France.
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Enamel Phenotypes: Genetic and Environmental Determinants. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14030545. [PMID: 36980818 PMCID: PMC10048525 DOI: 10.3390/genes14030545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Dental enamel is a specialized tissue that has adapted over millions of years of evolution to enhance the survival of a variety of species. In humans, enamel evolved to form the exterior protective layer for the crown of the exposed tooth crown. Its unique composition, structure, physical properties and attachment to the underlying dentin tissue allow it to be a resilient, although not self-repairing, tissue. The process of enamel formation, known as amelogenesis, involves epithelial-derived cells called ameloblasts that secrete a unique extracellular matrix that influences the structure of the mineralizing enamel crystallites. There are over 115 known genetic conditions affecting amelogenesis that are associated with enamel phenotypes characterized by either a reduction of enamel amount and or mineralization. Amelogenesis involves many processes that are sensitive to perturbation and can be altered by numerous environmental stressors. Genetics, epigenetics, and environment factors can influence enamel formation and play a role in resistance/risk for developmental defects and the complex disease, dental caries. Understanding why and how enamel is affected and the enamel phenotypes seen clinically support diagnostics, prognosis prediction, and the selection of treatment approaches that are appropriate for the specific tissue defects (e.g., deficient amount, decreased mineral, reduced insulation and hypersensitivity). The current level of knowledge regarding the heritable enamel defects is sufficient to develop a new classification system and consensus nosology that effectively communicate the mode of inheritance, molecular defect/pathway, and the functional aberration and resulting enamel phenotype.
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Chang H, Jiang T, Kou L, Li D, Yu X, Li Y, Zhang L. MiR-148a-3p Regulates Stem Cell Osteogenic Differentiation and Enamel Development by Targeting Runt-Related Transcription Factor 2 and E-cadherin <i>via</i> the Wnt1/β-catenin Signaling Pathway. J HARD TISSUE BIOL 2022. [DOI: 10.2485/jhtb.31.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huaiguang Chang
- Department of Stomatology, Ningbo College of Health Sciences
| | - Tingting Jiang
- Department of Prosthodontics, Yinzhou Stomatology Hospital
| | - Liang Kou
- Department of Stomatology, Ningbo College of Health Sciences
| | - Duo Li
- Department of Prosthodontics, Yinzhou Stomatology Hospital
| | - Xinchen Yu
- Department of Stomatology, Ningbo College of Health Sciences
| | - Youqin Li
- Department of Stomatology, Ningbo College of Health Sciences
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, Ningbo College of Health Sciences
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Liu X, Xie F, Lai G, Wang J. Roles of heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein L in enamel organ development and the differentiation of ameloblasts. Arch Oral Biol 2020; 120:104933. [PMID: 33137652 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2020.104933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to explore the role of Heterogeneous Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein L(hnRNP L) in enamel organ development through hnRNP L conditional knockout mice and knockdown of hnRNP L expression in mouse ameloblast-lineage cells (mALCs) METHODS: We created K14cre-mediated hnRNP L conditional knockout mice (hnRNP LK14/fl) and silenced the expression of hnRNP L in mALCs to investigate the role of hnRNP L in enamel organ development. RESULTS We found that hnRNP LK14/fl mice presented enamel organ development defects with reduced number of inner enamel epithelium (IEE) cells. The proliferation and differentiation of the IEE cells/ameloblasts were suppressed. The cell proliferation and mineralization ability were also decreased after hnRNP L knockdown. Further studies showed that Bone Morphogenetic Protein (BMP) signaling pathway was attenuated after the knockdown of hnRNP L expression both in vivo and in vitro. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that hnRNP L plays a critical role in enamel organ development by promoting the IEE cell/ameloblast proliferation and differentiation. BMP signaling pathway may be involved in the process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Liu
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology and Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Furong Xie
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology and Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Guangyun Lai
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology and Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, 200011, China.
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China; National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology and Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai, 200011, China.
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Use of Biologics for Knee Collateral Ligament Injuries. Can We Heal Them Faster? OPER TECHN SPORT MED 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.otsm.2020.150760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Takahashi A, Morita T, Murata K, Minowa E, Jahan A, Saito M, Tanimura A. Effects of full-length human amelogenin on the differentiation of dental epithelial cells and osteoblastic cells. Arch Oral Biol 2019; 107:104479. [PMID: 31330473 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2019.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Amelogenins are major components of extracellular matrix proteins in developing teeth, and regulate the growth of enamel crystals. They also function as signaling molecules in cell differentiation. This study aimed to determine the biological effects of amelogenins on the differentiation of HAT-7 dental epithelial cells and MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblastic cells using full-length recombinant human amelogenin (rh-AMEL). DESIGN rh-AMEL was expressed in a mammalian cell line (Expi293F™) and was purified by DDK agarose beads. Effects of rh-AMEL on differentiation were evaluated by Mineralization and Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity using Alizarin Red S staining and colorimetric substrate p-nitrophenol, respectively. RESULTS Western blotting and silver staining confirmed the successful purification of rh-AMEL. Mineralization and ALP activity in HAT-7 cells were significantly higher after treatment with 4 μg/mL rh-AMEL, but not after treatment with Emdogain® (EMD). In MC3T3-E1 cells, on the other hand, rh-AMEL showed biphasic effects on differentiation. Treatment with low concentrations of rh-AMEL (0.001-0.1 μg/mL) and EMD (0.01-1 μg/mL) increased mineralization and ALP activity in MC3T3-E1 cells, whereas treatment with high concentrations of rh-AMEL (4 μg/mL) and EMD (100 μg/mL) had the opposite effect. CONCLUSION High concentrations of rh-AMEL and EMD decreased the differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells. By contrast, a high concentration of rh-AMEL, but not that of EMD, promoted the differentiation of HAT-7 cells. This study demonstrates that the effects of rh-AMEL on cell differentiation differ between HAT-7 and MC3T3-E1 cells, and suggests that different regions on AMEL may induce the differentiation of these cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayumi Takahashi
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Hokkaido 061-0293, Japan
| | - Takao Morita
- Department of Biochemistry, Nippon Dental University, School of Life Dentistry at Niigata, Niigata, 1-8, Hamauracho, Chuo-ku, Niigata-Shi, Niigata, 951-8580, Japan
| | - Kaori Murata
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Hokkaido 061-0293, Japan
| | - Erika Minowa
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Hokkaido 061-0293, Japan
| | - Azmeree Jahan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Hokkaido 061-0293, Japan
| | - Masato Saito
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Hokkaido 061-0293, Japan
| | - Akihiko Tanimura
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Hokkaido 061-0293, Japan.
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Mitsiadis TA, Pagella P, Cantù C. Early Determination of the Periodontal Domain by the Wnt-Antagonist Frzb/Sfrp3. Front Physiol 2017; 8:936. [PMID: 29209231 PMCID: PMC5702314 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Odontogenesis results from the continuous and reciprocal interaction between cells of the oral epithelium and cranial neural crest-derived mesenchyme. The canonical Wnt signaling pathway plays a fundamental role in mediating these interactions from the earliest stages of tooth development. Here we analyze by in situ hybridization the expression patterns of the extracellular Wnt antagonist Frzb/Sfrp3. Although Frzb is expressed in dental mesenchymal cells from the earliest stages of odontogenesis, its expression is absent from a tiny population of mesenchymal cells immediately adjacent to the invaginating dental epithelium. Cell proliferation studies using BrdU showed that the Frzb expressing and Frzb non-expressing cell populations display different proliferative behavior during the initial stages of odontogenesis. DiI-mediated cell-fate tracing studies demonstrated that the Frzb expressing cells contribute to the formation of the dental follicle, the future periodontium. In contrast, the Frzb non-expressing cells give rise to the dental pulp. The present results indicate that Frzb is discriminating the presumptive periodontal territory from the rest of the dental mesenchyme from the very beginning of odontogenesis, where it might act as a barrier for the diffusion of Wnt molecules, thus regulating the activation of Wnt-dependent transcription within dental tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thimios A Mitsiadis
- Orofacial Development and Regeneration, Institute of Oral Biology, Centre for Dental Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Pierfrancesco Pagella
- Orofacial Development and Regeneration, Institute of Oral Biology, Centre for Dental Medicine, Medical Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Claudio Cantù
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Lacruz RS, Habelitz S, Wright JT, Paine ML. DENTAL ENAMEL FORMATION AND IMPLICATIONS FOR ORAL HEALTH AND DISEASE. Physiol Rev 2017; 97:939-993. [PMID: 28468833 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00030.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 223] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Revised: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dental enamel is the hardest and most mineralized tissue in extinct and extant vertebrate species and provides maximum durability that allows teeth to function as weapons and/or tools as well as for food processing. Enamel development and mineralization is an intricate process tightly regulated by cells of the enamel organ called ameloblasts. These heavily polarized cells form a monolayer around the developing enamel tissue and move as a single forming front in specified directions as they lay down a proteinaceous matrix that serves as a template for crystal growth. Ameloblasts maintain intercellular connections creating a semi-permeable barrier that at one end (basal/proximal) receives nutrients and ions from blood vessels, and at the opposite end (secretory/apical/distal) forms extracellular crystals within specified pH conditions. In this unique environment, ameloblasts orchestrate crystal growth via multiple cellular activities including modulating the transport of minerals and ions, pH regulation, proteolysis, and endocytosis. In many vertebrates, the bulk of the enamel tissue volume is first formed and subsequently mineralized by these same cells as they retransform their morphology and function. Cell death by apoptosis and regression are the fates of many ameloblasts following enamel maturation, and what cells remain of the enamel organ are shed during tooth eruption, or are incorporated into the tooth's epithelial attachment to the oral gingiva. In this review, we examine key aspects of dental enamel formation, from its developmental genesis to the ever-increasing wealth of data on the mechanisms mediating ionic transport, as well as the clinical outcomes resulting from abnormal ameloblast function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo S Lacruz
- Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, New York; Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California; Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Stefan Habelitz
- Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, New York; Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California; Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - J Timothy Wright
- Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, New York; Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California; Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Michael L Paine
- Department of Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, New York; Department of Preventive and Restorative Dental Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California; Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
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Kantarci A, Hasturk H, Van Dyke TE. Animal models for periodontal regeneration and peri-implant responses. Periodontol 2000 2017; 68:66-82. [PMID: 25867980 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Translation of experimental data to the clinical setting requires the safety and efficacy of such data to be confirmed in animal systems before application in humans. In dental research, the animal species used is dependent largely on the research question or on the disease model. Periodontal disease and, by analogy, peri-implant disease, are complex infections that result in a tissue-degrading inflammatory response. It is impossible to explore the complex pathogenesis of periodontitis or peri-implantitis using only reductionist in-vitro methods. Both the disease process and healing of the periodontal and peri-implant tissues can be studied in animals. Regeneration (after periodontal surgery), in response to various biologic materials with potential for tissue engineering, is a continuous process involving various types of tissue, including epithelia, connective tissues and alveolar bone. The same principles apply to peri-implant healing. Given the complexity of the biology, animal models are necessary and serve as the standard for successful translation of regenerative materials and dental implants to the clinical setting. Smaller species of animal are more convenient for disease-associated research, whereas larger animals are more appropriate for studies that target tissue healing as the anatomy of larger animals more closely resembles human dento-alveolar architecture. This review focuses on the animal models available for the study of regeneration in periodontal research and implantology; the advantages and disadvantages of each animal model; the interpretation of data acquired; and future perspectives of animal research, with a discussion of possible nonanimal alternatives. Power calculations in such studies are crucial in order to use a sample size that is large enough to generate statistically useful data, whilst, at the same time, small enough to prevent the unnecessary use of animals.
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Tao J, Zhai Y, Park H, Han J, Dong J, Xie M, Gu T, Lewi K, Ji F, Jia W. Circadian Rhythm Regulates Development of Enamel in Mouse Mandibular First Molar. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0159946. [PMID: 27494172 PMCID: PMC4975438 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0159946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhythmic incremental growth lines and the presence of melatonin receptors were discovered in tooth enamel, suggesting possible role of circadian rhythm. We therefore hypothesized that circadian rhythm may regulate enamel formation through melatonin receptors. To test this hypothesis, we examined expression of melatonin receptors (MTs) and amelogenin (AMELX), a maker of enamel formation, during tooth germ development in mouse. Using qRT-PCR and immunocytochemistry, we found that mRNA and protein levels of both MTs and AMELX in normal mandibular first molar tooth germs increased gradually after birth, peaked at 3 or 4 day postnatal, and then decreased. Expression of MTs and AMELX by immunocytochemistry was significantly delayed in neonatal mice raised in all-dark or all-light environment as well as the enamel development. Furthermore, development of tooth enamel was also delayed showing significant immature histology in those animals, especially for newborn mice raised in all daylight condition. Interestingly, disruption in circadian rhythm in pregnant mice also resulted in delayed enamel development in their babies. Treatment with melatonin receptor antagonist 4P-PDOT in pregnant mice caused underexpression of MTs and AMELX associated with long-lasting deficiency in baby enamel tissue. Electromicroscopic evidence demonstrated increased necrosis and poor enamel mineralization in ameloblasts. The above results suggest that circadian rhythm is important for normal enamel development at both pre- and postnatal stages. Melatonin receptors were partly responsible for the regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Tao
- Department of General Dentistry, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yue Zhai
- Department of General Dentistry, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Hyun Park
- Department of General Dentistry, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Junli Han
- Department of General Dentistry, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianhui Dong
- Department of General Dentistry, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming Xie
- Department of Prosthodontics, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Ting Gu
- Department of Oral Pathology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Keidren Lewi
- Department of Medicine, Windsor University School of Medicine, St. Kitts & Nevis
| | - Fang Ji
- Department of Orthodontics, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (FJ); (WJ)
| | - William Jia
- Brain Research Centre, Department of Surgery, University of British Columbia, Canada
- * E-mail: (FJ); (WJ)
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Hanhan S, Ejzenberg A, Goren K, Saba F, Suki Y, Sharon S, Shilo D, Waxman J, Spitzer E, Shahar R, Atkins A, Liebergall M, Blumenfeld A, Deutsch D, Haze A. Skeletal ligament healing using the recombinant human amelogenin protein. J Cell Mol Med 2016; 20:815-24. [PMID: 26917487 PMCID: PMC4831364 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 11/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Injuries to ligaments are common, painful and debilitating, causing joint instability and impaired protective proprioception sensation around the joint. Healing of torn ligaments usually fails to take place, and surgical replacement or reconstruction is required. Previously, we showed that in vivo application of the recombinant human amelogenin protein (rHAM+) resulted in enhanced healing of the tooth‐supporting tissues. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether amelogenin might also enhance repair of skeletal ligaments. The rat knee medial collateral ligament (MCL) was chosen to prove the concept. Full thickness tear was created and various concentrations of rHAM+, dissolved in propylene glycol alginate (PGA) carrier, were applied to the transected MCL. 12 weeks after transection, the mechanical properties, structure and composition of transected ligaments treated with 0.5 μg/μl rHAM+ were similar to the normal un‐transected ligaments, and were much stronger, stiffer and organized than control ligaments, treated with PGA only. Furthermore, the proprioceptive free nerve endings, in the 0.5 μg/μl rHAM+ treated group, were parallel to the collagen fibres similar to their arrangement in normal ligament, while in the control ligaments the free nerve endings were entrapped in the scar tissue at different directions, not parallel to the axis of the force. Four days after transection, treatment with 0.5 μg/μl rHAM+ increased the amount of cells expressing mesenchymal stem cell markers at the injured site. In conclusion application of rHAM+ dose dependently induced mechanical, structural and sensory healing of torn skeletal ligament. Initially the process involved recruitment and proliferation of cells expressing mesenchymal stem cell markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salem Hanhan
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Institute of Dental Sciences, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ayala Ejzenberg
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Institute of Dental Sciences, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Koby Goren
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Institute of Dental Sciences, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Faris Saba
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Institute of Dental Sciences, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yarden Suki
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Institute of Dental Sciences, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Shay Sharon
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Institute of Dental Sciences, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Dekel Shilo
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Institute of Dental Sciences, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Jacob Waxman
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Institute of Dental Sciences, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Elad Spitzer
- Orthopaedic Department, Hadassah - Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ron Shahar
- Faculty of Agriculture, Kort School of Veterinary Medicine, Hebrew University, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ayelet Atkins
- Faculty of Agriculture, Kort School of Veterinary Medicine, Hebrew University, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Meir Liebergall
- Orthopaedic Department, Hadassah - Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Anat Blumenfeld
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Institute of Dental Sciences, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Dan Deutsch
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Institute of Dental Sciences, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Amir Haze
- Orthopaedic Department, Hadassah - Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
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Tynyakov J, Bentov S, Abehsera S, Yehezkel G, Roth Z, Khalaila I, Weil S, Berman A, Plaschkes I, Tom M, Aflalo ED, Sagi A. A crayfish molar tooth protein with putative mineralized exoskeletal chitinous matrix properties. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 218:3487-98. [PMID: 26385331 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.123539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2015] [Accepted: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Some crustaceans possess exoskeletons that are reinforced with calcium carbonate. In the crayfish Cherax quadricarinatus, the molar tooth, which is part of the mandibular exoskeleton, contains an unusual crystalline enamel-like apatite layer. As this layer resembles vertebrate enamel in composition and function, it offers an interesting example of convergent evolution. Unlike other parts of the crayfish exoskeleton, which is periodically shed and regenerated during the molt cycle, molar mineral deposition takes place during the pre-molt stage. The molar mineral composition transforms continuously from fluorapatite through amorphous calcium phosphate to amorphous calcium carbonate and is mounted on chitin. The process of crayfish molar formation is entirely extracellular and presumably controlled by proteins, lipids, polysaccharides, low-molecular weight molecules and calcium salts. We have identified a novel molar protein termed Cq-M15 from C. quadricarinatus and cloned its transcript from the molar-forming epithelium. Its transcript and differential expression were confirmed by a next-generation sequencing library. The predicted acidic pI of Cq-M15 suggests its possible involvement in mineral arrangement. Cq-M15 is expressed in several exoskeletal tissues at pre-molt and its silencing is lethal. Like other arthropod cuticular proteins, Cq-M15 possesses a chitin-binding Rebers-Riddiford domain, with a recombinant version of the protein found to bind chitin. Cq-M15 was also found to interact with calcium ions in a concentration-dependent manner. This latter property might make Cq-M15 useful for bone and dental regenerative efforts. We suggest that, in the molar tooth, this protein might be involved in calcium phosphate and/or carbonate precipitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Tynyakov
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University, PO Box 653, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University, PO Box 653, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Shmuel Bentov
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University, PO Box 653, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University, PO Box 653, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Shai Abehsera
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University, PO Box 653, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Galit Yehezkel
- Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Ben-Gurion University, PO Box 653, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Ziv Roth
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University, PO Box 653, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Isam Khalaila
- Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Ben-Gurion University, PO Box 653, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Simy Weil
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University, PO Box 653, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Amir Berman
- Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Ben-Gurion University, PO Box 653, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Inbar Plaschkes
- National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University, PO Box 653, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Moshe Tom
- Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research, Haifa 8511911, Israel
| | - Eliahu D Aflalo
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University, PO Box 653, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University, PO Box 653, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Amir Sagi
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University, PO Box 653, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University, PO Box 653, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
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13
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Villa O, Wohlfahrt JC, Mdla I, Petzold C, Reseland JE, Snead ML, Lyngstadaas SP. Proline-Rich Peptide Mimics Effects of Enamel Matrix Derivative on Rat Oral Mucosa Incisional Wound Healing. J Periodontol 2015; 86:1386-95. [PMID: 26252748 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2015.150207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Proline-rich peptides have been shown to promote periodontal regeneration. However, their effect on soft tissue wound healing has not yet been investigated. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of enamel matrix derivative (EMD), tyrosine-rich amelogenin peptide (TRAP), and a synthetic proline-rich peptide (P2) on acute wound healing after a full-thickness flap procedure in an incisional rat model. METHODS This experimental study has a split-mouth, randomized, placebo-controlled design. Test and control wounds were created on the palatal mucosa of 54 Sprague-Dawley rats. Wounds were histologically processed, and reepithelialization, leukocyte infiltration, and angiogenesis were assessed at days 1, 3, and 7 post-surgery. RESULTS EMD and P2 significantly promoted early wound closure at day 1 (P <0.001 and P = 0.004, respectively). EMD maintained a significant acceleration of reepithelialization at day 3 (P = 0.004). Wounds treated by EMD and P2 showed increased angiogenesis during the first 3 days of healing (P = 0.03 and 0.001, respectively). Leukocyte infiltration was decreased in EMD-treated wounds at day 1 (P = 0.03), and P2 and TRAP induced a similar effect at days 3 (P = 0.002 and P <0.0001, respectively) and 7 (P = 0.005 and P <0.001). CONCLUSION EMD and P2 promoted reepithelialization and neovascularization in full-thickness surgical wounds on rat oral mucosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Villa
- Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Johan C Wohlfahrt
- Department of Periodontology, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo
| | | | - Christiane Petzold
- Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Janne E Reseland
- Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Malcolm L Snead
- Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Staale P Lyngstadaas
- Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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14
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Anigol P, Kamath VV, Satelur K, Anand N, Yerlagudda K. Amelogenin in odontogenic cysts and tumors: An immunohistochemical study. Natl J Maxillofac Surg 2015; 5:172-9. [PMID: 25937729 PMCID: PMC4405960 DOI: 10.4103/0975-5950.154822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Amelogenins are the major enamel proteins that play a major role in the biomineralization and structural organization of enamel. Aberrations of enamel-related proteins are thought to be involved in oncogenesis of odontogenic epithelium. The expression of amelogenin is possibly an indicator of differentiation of epithelial cells in the odontogenic lesions. Aims and Objectives: The present study aimed to observe the expression of amelogenin immunohistochemically in various odontogenic lesions. Materials and Methods: Paraffin sections of 40 odontogenic lesions were stained immunohistochemically with amelogenin antibodies. The positivity, pattern and intensity of expression of the amelogenin antibody were assessed, graded and statistically compared between groups of odontogenic cysts and tumors. Results: Almost all the odontogenic lesions expressed amelogenin in the epithelial component with the exception of an ameloblastic carcinoma. Differing grades of intensity and pattern were seen between the cysts and tumors. Intensity of expression was uniformly prominent in all odontogenic lesions with hard tissue formation. Statistical analysis however did not indicate significant differences between the two groups. Conclusion: The expression of amelogenin antibody is ubiquitous in odontogenic tissues and can be used as a definitive marker for identification of odontogenic epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praveen Anigol
- Department of Oral Pathology, PM Nadegouda Dental College, Bagalkot, India
| | - Venkatesh V Kamath
- Department of Oral Pathology, Dr. Syamala Reddy Dental College, Hospital and Research Centre, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Krishnanand Satelur
- Department of Oral Pathology, Dr. Syamala Reddy Dental College, Hospital and Research Centre, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Nagaraja Anand
- Department of Oral Pathology, KLE Institute of Dental Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Komali Yerlagudda
- Department of Oral Pathology, Dr. Syamala Reddy Dental College, Hospital and Research Centre, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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15
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Mitsiadis TA, Filatova A, Papaccio G, Goldberg M, About I, Papagerakis P. Distribution of the amelogenin protein in developing, injured and carious human teeth. Front Physiol 2014; 5:477. [PMID: 25540624 PMCID: PMC4261713 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2014.00477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 11/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Amelogenin is the major enamel matrix protein with key roles in amelogenesis. Although for many decades amelogenin was considered to be exclusively expressed by ameloblasts, more recent studies have shown that amelogenin is also expressed in other dental and no-dental cells. However, amelogenin expression in human tissues remains unclear. Here, we show that amelogenin protein is not only expressed during human embryonic development but also in pathological conditions such as carious lesions and injuries after dental cavity preparation. In developing embryonic teeth, amelogenin stage-specific expression is found in all dental epithelia cell populations but with different intensities. In the different layers of enamel matrix, waves of positive vs. negative immunostaining for amelogenin are detected suggesting that the secretion of amelogenin protein is orchestrated by a biological clock. Amelogenin is also expressed transiently in differentiating odontoblasts during predentin formation, but was absent in mature functional odontoblasts. In intact adult teeth, amelogenin was not present in dental pulp, odontoblasts, and dentin. However, in injured and carious adult human teeth amelogenin is strongly re-expressed in newly differentiated odontoblasts and is distributed in the dentinal tubuli under the lesion site. In an in vitro culture system, amelogenin is expressed preferentially in human dental pulp cells that start differentiating into odontoblast-like cells and form mineralization nodules. These data suggest that amelogenin plays important roles not only during cytodifferentiation, but also during tooth repair processes in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thimios A Mitsiadis
- Orofacial Development and Regeneration Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Oral Biology, ZZM, University of Zurich Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Anna Filatova
- Orofacial Development and Regeneration Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Oral Biology, ZZM, University of Zurich Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gianpaolo Papaccio
- Dipartimento di Medicina Sperimentale, Sezione di Biotecnologie, Istologia Medica e Biologia Molecolare, Seconda Università Degli Studi di Napoli Napoli, Italy
| | - Michel Goldberg
- INSERM UMR-S 1124, Biomédicale des Saints Pères, University Paris Descartes Paris, France
| | - Imad About
- CNRS, Institut des Sciences du Mouvement UMR 7287, Aix-Marseille Université Marseille, France
| | - Petros Papagerakis
- Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan Ann Arbor, USA ; Center for Organogenesis, School of Medicine, University of Michigan Ann Arbor, USA ; Center for Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, School of Medicine, University of Michigan Ann Arbor, USA
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16
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Jacques J, Hotton D, De la Dure-Molla M, Petit S, Asselin A, Kulkarni AB, Gibson CW, Brookes SJ, Berdal A, Isaac J. Tracking endogenous amelogenin and ameloblastin in vivo. PLoS One 2014; 9:e99626. [PMID: 24933156 PMCID: PMC4059656 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0099626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2013] [Accepted: 05/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Research on enamel matrix proteins (EMPs) is centered on understanding their role in enamel biomineralization and their bioactivity for tissue engineering. While therapeutic application of EMPs has been widely documented, their expression and biological function in non-enamel tissues is unclear. Our first aim was to screen for amelogenin (AMELX) and ameloblastin (AMBN) gene expression in mandibular bones and soft tissues isolated from adult mice (15 weeks old). Using RT-PCR, we showed mRNA expression of AMELX and AMBN in mandibular alveolar and basal bones and, at low levels, in several soft tissues; eyes and ovaries were RNA-positive for AMELX and eyes, tongues and testicles for AMBN. Moreover, in mandibular tissues AMELX and AMBN mRNA levels varied according to two parameters: 1) ontogenic stage (decreasing with age), and 2) tissue-type (e.g. higher level in dental epithelial cells and alveolar bone when compared to basal bone and dental mesenchymal cells in 1 week old mice). In situ hybridization and immunohistodetection were performed in mandibular tissues using AMELX KO mice as controls. We identified AMELX-producing (RNA-positive) cells lining the adjacent alveolar bone and AMBN and AMELX proteins in the microenvironment surrounding EMPs-producing cells. Western blotting of proteins extracted by non-dissociative means revealed that AMELX and AMBN are not exclusive to mineralized matrix; they are present to some degree in a solubilized state in mandibular bone and presumably have some capacity to diffuse. Our data support the notion that AMELX and AMBN may function as growth factor-like molecules solubilized in the aqueous microenvironment. In jaws, they might play some role in bone physiology through autocrine/paracrine pathways, particularly during development and stress-induced remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Jacques
- Laboratory of Molecular Oral Pathophysiology, INSERM UMRS 1138, Team Berdal, Cordeliers Research Center, Pierre and Marie Curie University - Paris 6, Paris Descartes University - Paris 5, Paris, France
- UFR d'Odontologie, Paris Diderot University - Paris 7, Paris, France
- Unit of Periodontology, Department of Stomatology, University of Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Dominique Hotton
- Laboratory of Molecular Oral Pathophysiology, INSERM UMRS 1138, Team Berdal, Cordeliers Research Center, Pierre and Marie Curie University - Paris 6, Paris Descartes University - Paris 5, Paris, France
| | - Muriel De la Dure-Molla
- Laboratory of Molecular Oral Pathophysiology, INSERM UMRS 1138, Team Berdal, Cordeliers Research Center, Pierre and Marie Curie University - Paris 6, Paris Descartes University - Paris 5, Paris, France
- UFR d'Odontologie, Paris Diderot University - Paris 7, Paris, France
- Center of Rare Malformations of the Face and Oral Cavity (MAFACE), Hospital Rothschild, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Stephane Petit
- Laboratory of Molecular Oral Pathophysiology, INSERM UMRS 1138, Team Berdal, Cordeliers Research Center, Pierre and Marie Curie University - Paris 6, Paris Descartes University - Paris 5, Paris, France
| | - Audrey Asselin
- Laboratory of Molecular Oral Pathophysiology, INSERM UMRS 1138, Team Berdal, Cordeliers Research Center, Pierre and Marie Curie University - Paris 6, Paris Descartes University - Paris 5, Paris, France
| | - Ashok B. Kulkarni
- Functional Genomics Section, Laboratory of Cell and Developmental Biology, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Carolyn Winters Gibson
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Steven Joseph Brookes
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, University of Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Ariane Berdal
- Laboratory of Molecular Oral Pathophysiology, INSERM UMRS 1138, Team Berdal, Cordeliers Research Center, Pierre and Marie Curie University - Paris 6, Paris Descartes University - Paris 5, Paris, France
- UFR d'Odontologie, Paris Diderot University - Paris 7, Paris, France
- Center of Rare Malformations of the Face and Oral Cavity (MAFACE), Hospital Rothschild, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Juliane Isaac
- Laboratory of Molecular Oral Pathophysiology, INSERM UMRS 1138, Team Berdal, Cordeliers Research Center, Pierre and Marie Curie University - Paris 6, Paris Descartes University - Paris 5, Paris, France
- Laboratory of Morphogenesis Molecular Genetics, Department of Developmental and Stem Cells Biology, Institut Pasteur, CNRS URA 2578, Paris, France
- * E-mail:
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17
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Multiphoton microscopy imaging of developing tooth germs. J Formos Med Assoc 2014; 113:42-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2012.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2012] [Revised: 03/20/2012] [Accepted: 03/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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18
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McCool JM, Rodriguez IA, Sell SA, Han Y, Bowlin GL. A preliminary study on amelogenin-loaded electrospun scaffolds. J BIOACT COMPAT POL 2013. [DOI: 10.1177/0883911513513661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Amelogenin is a major enamel matrix protein onto which developing enamel forms. In the realm of tissue engineering, amelogenin has been studied and applied to periodontal and wound healing applications. This study introduces the first attempts of incorporating amelogenin within an electrospun scaffold. Amelogenin was extracted from porcine unerupted tooth buds and electrospun with poly(glycolic acid) and poly(ϵ-caprolactone). Protein release kinetics, mechanical properties, fiber diameter, mineralization potential, and cell adhesion properties of the amelogenin-blended scaffolds were studied and compared to the electrospun poly(glycolic acid) and poly(ϵ-caprolactone) controls. Electrospun scaffolds loaded with amelogenin were incubated in phosphate buffer saline. Protein quantification and morphological and mechanical analyses were conducted on the degraded scaffolds, and the incubated phosphate buffer saline was also tested for protein content. Fresh scaffolds were incubated overnight in conventional simulated body fluid to evaluate mineralization potential of the incorporated electrospun amelogenin. Human dermal fibroblasts were seeded onto scaffolds, incubated overnight, cryosectioned, and stained with 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole to determine cellular adhesive properties. The incorporation of 5 mg/mL amelogenin into electrospun scaffolds improved mechanical properties (in poly(ϵ-caprolactone) scaffolds), increased fiber mineralization (in poly(glycolic acid) scaffolds), and improved human dermal fibroblast adhesion (in poly(ϵ-caprolactone) scaffolds). The presented results suggest that amelogenin can be used for multiple tissue engineering applications in the form of an additive to an electrospun scaffold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M McCool
- Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Isaac A Rodriguez
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Herff College of Engineering, The University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Scott A Sell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Parks College of Engineering, Aviation, and Technology, Saint Louis University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Yang Han
- Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Gary L Bowlin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Herff College of Engineering, The University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, USA
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19
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Identification of novel amelogenin-binding proteins by proteomics analysis. PLoS One 2013; 8:e78129. [PMID: 24167599 PMCID: PMC3805512 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0078129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2013] [Accepted: 09/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Emdogain (enamel matrix derivative, EMD) is well recognized in periodontology. It is used in periodontal surgery to regenerate cementum, periodontal ligament, and alveolar bone. However, the precise molecular mechanisms underlying periodontal regeneration are still unclear. In this study, we investigated the proteins bound to amelogenin, which are suggested to play a pivotal role in promoting periodontal tissue regeneration. To identify new molecules that interact with amelogenin and are involved in osteoblast activation, we employed coupling affinity chromatography with proteomic analysis in fractionated SaOS-2 osteoblastic cell lysate. In SaOS-2 cells, many of the amelogenin-interacting proteins in the cytoplasm were mainly cytoskeletal proteins and several chaperone molecules of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) family. On the other hand, the proteomic profiles of amelogenin-interacting proteins in the membrane fraction of the cell extracts were quite different from those of the cytosolic-fraction. They were mainly endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-associated proteins, with lesser quantities of mitochondrial proteins and nucleoprotein. Among the identified amelogenin-interacting proteins, we validated the biological interaction of amelogenin with glucose-regulated protein 78 (Grp78/Bip), which was identified in both cytosolic and membrane-enriched fractions. Confocal co-localization experiment strongly suggested that Grp78/Bip could be an amelogenin receptor candidate. Further biological evaluations were examined by Grp78/Bip knockdown analysis with and without amelogenin. Within the limits of the present study, the interaction of amelogenin with Grp78/Bip contributed to cell proliferation, rather than correlate with the osteogenic differentiation in SaOS-2 cells. Although the biological significance of other interactions are not yet explored, these findings suggest that the differential effects of amelogenin-derived osteoblast activation could be of potential clinical significance for understanding the cellular and molecular bases of amelogenin-induced periodontal tissue regeneration.
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20
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Stahl J, Nakano Y, Kim SO, Gibson CW, Le T, DenBesten P. Leucine rich amelogenin peptide alters ameloblast differentiation in vivo. Matrix Biol 2013; 32:432-42. [PMID: 23747796 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2013.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2013] [Revised: 05/27/2013] [Accepted: 05/27/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Highly mineralized tooth enamel develops from an extracellular matrix chiefly comprised of amelogenins formed by splicing of 7 (human) or 9 (rodent) exons secreted from specialized epithelial cells known as ameloblasts. Here we examined the role of the 59 amino acid alternatively spliced amelogenin known as leucine rich amelogenin peptide (LRAP) on enamel formation, using transgenic murine models in which LRAP overexpression is driven by an amelogenin promoter (TgLRAP). Beginning in the secretory stage of mouse amelogenesis, we found a reduced thickness of enamel matrix and a loss of Tomes' processes, followed by upregulated amelogenin mRNA expression, inhibited amelogenin secretion and loss of cell polarity. In the presecretory stage (P0) amelogenin m180 mRNA expression was increased 58 fold along with a 203 fold increase in MMP-20 expression and 3.5 and 3.2 fold increased in respectively enamelin and ameloblastin. When LRAP was overexpressed on an amelogenin knockout mouse model, the ameloblasts were not affected. Further, expression of the global chromatin organizer and transcription factor SATB1 was reduced in secretory stage TgLRAP ameloblasts. These findings identify a cellular role for LRAP in enamel formation that is not directly related to directing enamel crystal formation as is reported to be the primary function of full length amelogenins. The effect of LRAP overexpression in upregulating amelogenins, MMP-20 and SATB1, suggests a role in protein regulation critical to ameloblast secretion and matrix processing, to form a mineralized enamel matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Stahl
- Department of Orofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
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21
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Bansal AK, Shetty DC, Bindal R, Pathak A. Amelogenin: A novel protein with diverse applications in genetic and molecular profiling. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol 2012; 16:395-9. [PMID: 23248473 PMCID: PMC3519216 DOI: 10.4103/0973-029x.102495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Tooth enamel is a unique entity among all mineralized tissues because of the presence of high mineral content. It is non collagenous and does not undergo resorption and remodelling. Its formation occurs through a transient collaborating network of enamel matrix proteins which controls hydroxyapatite crystal growth and orientation. Amelogenins constitute about 90% of the total enamel matrix proteins and play a major role in enamel bio mineralization. Amelogenin isoforms coalesce into nanospheres thus dictating the width and thickness of apatite crystals. The X and Y copies of amelogenins do not undergo homologous recombination, thus preferring it for sex determination in modern forensics. Recently, it was discovered that application of amelogenin to diseased periodontal tissue surfaces enhanced the regeneration of all the periodontal tissues. Additionally, low molecular mass amelogenin polypeptides have also been thought to possess osteogenic potential. Recent data regarding usage of immunohistochemical markers for mesenchymal stem cells suggested that amelogenin has the capacity to induce the recruitment of mesenchymal stem cells directly or indirectly during regeneration of the supporting periodontal tissues. Thus, our current concepts of dental enamel formation should be reviewed thoroughly so that this information could be applied to clinical circumstances where this understanding may be particularly relevant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Kumar Bansal
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and Microbiology, I.T.S Centre for Dental Studies and Research, Muradnagar, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
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22
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Coxon TL, Brook AH, Barron MJ, Smith RN. Phenotype-genotype correlations in mouse models of amelogenesis imperfecta caused by Amelx and Enam mutations. Cells Tissues Organs 2012; 196:420-30. [PMID: 22759786 PMCID: PMC3718574 DOI: 10.1159/000336440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/12/2012] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in human and in mouse orthologous genes Amelx and Enam result in a diverse range of enamel defects. In this study we aimed to investigate the phenotype-genotype correlation between the mutants and the wild-type controls in mouse models of amelogenesis imperfecta using novel measurement approaches. Ten hemi-mandibles and incisors were dissected from each group of Amelx(WT), Amelx(X/Y64H), Amelx(Y/Y64H), Amelx(Y64H/Y64H), and Enam(WT), Enam(Rgsc395) heterozygous and Enam(Rgsc395) homozygous mice. Their macro-morphology, colour and micro-topography were assessed using bespoke 2D and 3D image analysis systems and customized colour and whiteness algorithms. The novel methods identified significant differences (p ≤ 0.05) between the Amelx groups for mandible and incisor size and enamel colour and between the Enam groups for incisor size and enamel colour. The Amelx(WT) mice had the largest mandibles and incisors, followed in descending order of size by the Amelx(X/Y64H), Amelx(Y/Y64H) and Amelx(Y64H/Y64H) mice. Within the Enam groups the Enam(WT) incisors were largest and the Enam(Rgsc395) heterozygous mice were smallest. The effect on tooth morphology was also reflected by the severity of the enamel defects in the colour and whiteness assessment. Amelogenin affected mandible morphology and incisor enamel formation, while enamelin only affected incisors, supporting the multifunctional role of amelogenin. The enamelin mutation was associated with earlier forming enamel defects. The study supported the critical involvement of amelogenin and enamelin in enamel mineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Liam Coxon
- School of Dentistry, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Dental Hospital, Liverpool, UK
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23
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Bonde JS, Bülow L. Use of human amelogenin in molecular encapsulation for the design of pH responsive microparticles. BMC Biotechnol 2012; 12:25. [PMID: 22630169 PMCID: PMC3403901 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6750-12-25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2012] [Accepted: 05/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Proteins can be used in drug delivery systems to improve pharmacological properties of an active substance. Differences in pH between tissues can be utilized in order to achieve a targeted drug release at a specific location or tissue, such as a tumor. The enamel matrix protein amelogenin has a pH dependent solubility profile and self-assemble to form aggregates at neutral pH. This could make amelogenin useful in the design of pH responsive drug delivery systems. Results In this study amelogenin was evaluated as a pH responsive component in drug delivery applications. This was achieved by testing the ability of amelogenin to entrap/release other proteins upon changes in pH, and by testing if amelogenin could confer pH responsiveness to an existing and versatile drug delivery system, such as gelatin microparticles. Amelogenin was able to encapsulate bovine serum albumin and insulin, whichwere used as model target proteins. The composite aggregates of amelogenin and target protein were formed at neutral pH and could be reversibly solubilized at weakly acidic pH. Gelatin microparticles prepared in the presence of amelogenin, showed a modulated structure in response to pH change, when studied by scanning electron microscopy, compared to particles without amelogenin. At neutral pH amelogenin induced formation of pores in the particle surface, which were not present at acidic pH, or in particles lacking amelogenin. Conclusions The results from this study demonstrate that amelogenin can be a useful component in drug delivery systems in order to achieve a pH dependent response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan Svensson Bonde
- Department of Pure and Applied Biochemistry, Center for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lund University, PO Box 124, SE-22100, Lund, Sweden
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Grandin HM, Gemperli AC, Dard M. Enamel matrix derivative: a review of cellular effects in vitro and a model of molecular arrangement and functioning. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2011; 18:181-202. [PMID: 22070552 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2011.0365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Enamel matrix derivative (EMD), the active component of Emdogain®, is a viable option in the treatment of periodontal disease owing to its ability to regenerate lost tissue. It is believed to mimic odontogenesis, though the details of its functioning remain the focus of current research. OBJECTIVE The aim of this article is to review all relevant literature reporting on the composition/characterization of EMD as well as the effects of EMD, and its components amelogenin and ameloblastin, on the behavior of various cell types in vitro. In this way, insight into the underlying mechanism of regeneration will be garnered and utilized to propose a model for the molecular arrangement and functioning of EMD. METHODS A review of in vitro studies of EMD, or components of EMD, was performed using key words "enamel matrix proteins" OR "EMD" OR "Emdogain" OR "amelogenin" OR "ameloblastin" OR "sheath proteins" AND "cells." Results of this analysis, together with current knowledge on the molecular composition of EMD and the structure and regulation of its components, are then used to present a model of EMD functioning. RESULTS Characterization of the molecular composition of EMD confirmed that amelogenin proteins, including their enzymatically cleaved and alternatively spliced fragments, dominate the protein complex (>90%). A small presence of ameloblastin has also been reported. Analysis of the effects of EMD indicated that gene expression, protein production, proliferation, and differentiation of various cell types are affected and often enhanced by EMD, particularly for periodontal ligament and osteoblastic cell types. EMD also stimulated angiogenesis. In contrast, EMD had a cytostatic effect on epithelial cells. Full-length amelogenin elicited similar effects to EMD, though to a lesser extent. Both the leucine-rich amelogenin peptide and the ameloblastin peptides demonstrated osteogenic effects. A model for molecular structure and functioning of EMD involving nanosphere formation, aggregation, and dissolution is presented. CONCLUSIONS EMD elicits a regenerative response in periodontal tissues that is only partly replicated by amelogenin or ameloblastin components. A synergistic effect among the various proteins and with the cells, as well as a temporal effect, may prove important aspects of the EMD response in vivo.
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Harichane Y, Hirata A, Dimitrova-Nakov S, Granja I, Goldberg A, Kellermann O, Poliard A. Pulpal progenitors and dentin repair. Adv Dent Res 2011; 23:307-12. [PMID: 21677084 DOI: 10.1177/0022034511405322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells are present in the dental pulp. They have been shown to contribute to dentin-like tissue formation in vitro and to participate in bone repair after a mandibular lesion. However, their capacity to contribute efficiently to reparative dentin formation after pulp lesion has never been explored. After pulp exposure, we have identified proliferative cells within 3 zones. In the crown, zone I is near the cavity, and zone II corresponds to the isthmus between the mesial and central pulp. In the root, zone III, near the apex, at a distance from the inflammatory site, contains mitotic stromal cells which may represent a source of progenitor cells. Stem-cell-based strategies are promising treatments for tissue injury in dentistry. Our experiments focused on (1) location of stem cells induced to leave their quiescent state early after pulp injury and (2) implantation of pulp progenitors, a substitute for classic endodontic treatments, paving the way for pulp stem-cell-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Harichane
- INSERM UMR-S, UFR Biomédicales des Saints-Pères, Université Paris Descartes, France
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Handrigan GR, Richman JM. Unicuspid and bicuspid tooth crown formation in squamates. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY PART B-MOLECULAR AND DEVELOPMENTAL EVOLUTION 2011; 316:598-608. [DOI: 10.1002/jez.b.21438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2011] [Revised: 07/15/2011] [Accepted: 07/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Chun YHP, Lu Y, Hu Y, Krebsbach PH, Yamada Y, Hu JCC, Simmer JP. Transgenic rescue of enamel phenotype in Ambn null mice. J Dent Res 2010; 89:1414-20. [PMID: 20940352 DOI: 10.1177/0022034510379223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Ameloblastin null mice fail to make an enamel layer, but the defects could be due to an absence of functional ameloblastin or to the secretion of a potentially toxic mutant ameloblastin. We hypothesized that the enamel phenotype could be rescued by the transgenic expression of normal ameloblastin in Ambn mutant mice. We established and analyzed 5 transgenic lines that expressed ameloblastin from the amelogenin (AmelX) promoter and identified transgenic lines that express virtually no transgene, slightly less than normal (Tg+), somewhat higher than normal (Tg++), and much higher than normal (Tg+++) levels of ameloblastin. All lines expressing detectable levels of ameloblastin at least partially recovered the enamel phenotype. When ameloblastin expression was only somewhat higher than normal, the enamel covering the molars and incisors was of normal thickness, had clearly defined rod and interrod enamel, and held up well in function. We conclude that ameloblastin is essential for dental enamel formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y-H P Chun
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan, School of Dentistry, 1011 North University, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1078, USA
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Molla M, Descroix V, Aïoub M, Simon S, Castañeda B, Hotton D, Bolaños A, Simon Y, Lezot F, Goubin G, Berdal A. Enamel protein regulation and dental and periodontal physiopathology in MSX2 mutant mice. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2010; 177:2516-26. [PMID: 20934968 DOI: 10.2353/ajpath.2010.091224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Signaling pathways that underlie postnatal dental and periodontal physiopathology are less studied than those of early tooth development. Members of the muscle segment homeobox gene (Msx) family encode homeoproteins that show functional redundancy during development and are known to be involved in epithelial-mesenchymal interactions that lead to crown morphogenesis and ameloblast cell differentiation. This study analyzed the MSX2 protein during mouse postnatal growth as well as in the adult. The analysis focused on enamel and periodontal defects and enamel proteins in Msx2-null mutant mice. In the epithelial lifecycle, the levels of MSX2 expression and enamel protein secretion were inversely related. Msx2+/- mice showed increased amelogenin expression, enamel thickness, and rod size. Msx2-/- mice displayed compound phenotypic characteristics of enamel defects, related to both enamel-specific gene mutations (amelogenin and enamelin) in isolated amelogenesis imperfecta, and cell-cell junction elements (laminin 5 and cytokeratin 5) in other syndromes. These effects were also related to ameloblast disappearance, which differed between incisors and molars. In Msx2-/- roots, Malassez cells formed giant islands that overexpressed amelogenin and ameloblastin that grew over months. Aberrant expression of enamel proteins is proposed to underlie the regional osteopetrosis and hyperproduction of cellular cementum. These enamel and periodontal phenotypes of Msx2 mutants constitute the first case report of structural and signaling defects associated with enamel protein overexpression in a postnatal context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muriel Molla
- Laboratoire de Physiopathologie Orale Moléculaire, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, University of Pierre and Marie Curie-Paris 6, INSERM, UMRS 872, Paris Cedex 06, France.
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Haze A, Taylor AL, Haegewald S, Leiser Y, Shay B, Rosenfeld E, Gruenbaum-Cohen Y, Dafni L, Zimmermann B, Heikinheimo K, Gibson CW, Fisher LW, Young MF, Blumenfeld A, Bernimoulin JP, Deutsch D. Regeneration of bone and periodontal ligament induced by recombinant amelogenin after periodontitis. J Cell Mol Med 2009; 13:1110-24. [PMID: 19228267 PMCID: PMC2889159 DOI: 10.1111/j.1582-4934.2009.00700.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Regeneration of mineralized tissues affected by chronic diseases comprises a major scientific and clinical challenge. Periodontitis, one such prevalent disease, involves destruction of the tooth-supporting tissues, alveolar bone, periodontal-ligament and cementum, often leading to tooth loss. In 1997, it became clear that, in addition to their function in enamel formation, the hydrophobic ectodermal enamel matrix proteins (EMPs) play a role in the regeneration of these periodontal tissues. The epithelial EMPs are a heterogeneous mixture of polypeptides encoded by several genes. It was not clear, however, which of these many EMPs induces the regeneration and what mechanisms are involved. Here we show that a single recombinant human amelogenin protein (rHAM+), induced in vivo regeneration of all tooth-supporting tissues after creation of experimental periodontitis in a dog model. To further understand the regeneration process, amelogenin expression was detected in normal and regenerating cells of the alveolar bone (osteocytes, osteoblasts and osteoclasts), periodontal ligament, cementum and in bone marrow stromal cells. Amelogenin expression was highest in areas of high bone turnover and activity. Further studies showed that during the first 2 weeks after application, rHAM+ induced, directly or indirectly, significant recruitment of mesenchymal progenitor cells, which later differentiated to form the regenerated periodontal tissues. The ability of a single protein to bring about regeneration of all periodontal tissues, in the correct spatio-temporal order, through recruitment of mesenchymal progenitor cells, could pave the way for development of new therapeutic devices for treatment of periodontal, bone and ligament diseases based on rHAM+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Haze
- Institute of Dental Sciences, Hebrew University - Hadassah, Jerusalem, Israel
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