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Le Roy N, Stapane L, Gautron J, Hincke MT. Evolution of the Avian Eggshell Biomineralization Protein Toolkit - New Insights From Multi-Omics. Front Genet 2021; 12:672433. [PMID: 34046059 PMCID: PMC8144736 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.672433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The avian eggshell is a remarkable biomineral, which is essential for avian reproduction; its properties permit embryonic development in the desiccating terrestrial environment, and moreover, are critically important to preserve unfertilized egg quality for human consumption. This calcium carbonate (CaCO3) bioceramic is made of 95% calcite and 3.5% organic matrix; it protects the egg contents against microbial penetration and mechanical damage, allows gaseous exchange, and provides calcium for development of the embryonic skeleton. In vertebrates, eggshell occurs in the Sauropsida and in a lesser extent in Mammalia taxa; avian eggshell calcification is one of the fastest known CaCO3 biomineralization processes, and results in a material with excellent mechanical properties. Thus, its study has triggered a strong interest from the researcher community. The investigation of eggshell biomineralization in birds over the past decades has led to detailed characterization of its protein and mineral constituents. Recently, our understanding of this process has been significantly improved using high-throughput technologies (i.e., proteomics, transcriptomics, genomics, and bioinformatics). Presently, more or less complete eggshell proteomes are available for nine birds, and therefore, key proteins that comprise the eggshell biomineralization toolkit are beginning to be identified. In this article, we review current knowledge on organic matrix components from calcified eggshell. We use these data to analyze the evolution of selected matrix proteins and underline their role in the biological toolkit required for eggshell calcification in avian species. Amongst the panel of eggshell-associated proteins, key functional domains are present such as calcium-binding, vesicle-binding and protein-binding. These technical advances, combined with progress in mineral ultrastructure analyses, have opened the way for new hypotheses of mineral nucleation and crystal growth in formation of the avian eggshell, including transfer of amorphous CaCO3 in vesicles from uterine cells to the eggshell mineralization site. The enrichment of multi-omics datasets for bird species is critical to understand the evolutionary context for development of CaCO3 biomineralization in metazoans, leading to the acquisition of the robust eggshell in birds (and formerly dinosaurs).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Maxwell T Hincke
- Department of Innovation in Medical Education, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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Gautron J, Stapane L, Le Roy N, Nys Y, Rodriguez-Navarro AB, Hincke MT. Avian eggshell biomineralization: an update on its structure, mineralogy and protein tool kit. BMC Mol Cell Biol 2021; 22:11. [PMID: 33579194 PMCID: PMC7881572 DOI: 10.1186/s12860-021-00350-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The avian eggshell is a natural protective envelope that relies on the phenomenon of biomineralization for its formation. The shell is made of calcium carbonate in the form of calcite, which contains hundreds of proteins that interact with the mineral phase controlling its formation and structural organization, and thus determine the mechanical properties of the mature biomaterial. We describe its mineralogy, structure and the regulatory interactions that integrate the mineral and organic constituents during eggshell biomineralization. Main Body. We underline recent evidence for vesicular transfer of amorphous calcium carbonate (ACC), as a new pathway to ensure the active and continuous supply of the ions necessary for shell mineralization. Currently more than 900 proteins and thousands of upregulated transcripts have been identified during chicken eggshell formation. Bioinformatic predictions address their functionality during the biomineralization process. In addition, we describe matrix protein quantification to understand their role during the key spatially- and temporally- regulated events of shell mineralization. Finally, we propose an updated scheme with a global scenario encompassing the mechanisms of avian eggshell mineralization. CONCLUSION With this large dataset at hand, it should now be possible to determine specific motifs, domains or proteins and peptide sequences that perform a critical function during avian eggshell biomineralization. The integration of this insight with genomic data (non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms) and precise phenotyping (shell biomechanical parameters) on pure selected lines will lead to consistently better-quality eggshell characteristics for improved food safety. This information will also address the question of how the evolutionary-optimized chicken eggshell matrix proteins affect and regulate calcium carbonate mineralization as a good example of biomimetic and bio-inspired material design.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Gautron
- INRAE, Université de Tours, BOA, 37380, Nouzilly, France.
| | - L Stapane
- INRAE, Université de Tours, BOA, 37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - N Le Roy
- INRAE, Université de Tours, BOA, 37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - Y Nys
- INRAE, Université de Tours, BOA, 37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - A B Rodriguez-Navarro
- Departmento de Mineralogia y Petrologia, Universidad de Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain
| | - M T Hincke
- Department of Innovation in Medical Education, and Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, K1H8M5, Canada
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Sun H, Qiu N, Keast R, Wang H, Li B, Huang Q, Li S. Comparative Quantitative Phosphoproteomic Analysis of the Chicken Egg during Incubation Based on Tandem Mass Tag Labeling. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:13353-13361. [PMID: 31682436 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b04638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Protein phosphorylation plays an important role in protein structure and function. To investigate the role of egg protein phosphorylation in chicken embryonic development, a comparative and quantitative phosphoproteomic analysis of fertilized chicken egg white and yolk was performed during incubation. Overall, 215 phosphosites mapped onto 205 phosphopeptides corresponding to 100 phosphoproteins were identified. Among these phosphoproteins, 123 phosphosites from 62 egg proteins were found significantly changed (p < 0.05) at day 12 during incubation. Furthermore, GO analysis suggested that these differentially phosphorylated proteins were associated with various molecular functions, primarily including binding, molecular function regulator, and transport activity. Such findings in this study improved our understanding of the protein molecular functions involved in chicken embryonic development from a protein phosphorylation perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haohao Sun
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Technology , Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan 430070 , People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Technology , Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan 430070 , People's Republic of China
| | - Russell Keast
- Centre for Advanced Sensory Science, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences , Deakin University , Burwood , Victoria 3125 , Australia
| | - Hong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Technology , Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan 430070 , People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Li
- Key Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, Ministry of Education, College of Food Science and Technology , Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan 430070 , People's Republic of China
| | - Qun Huang
- College of Food Science , Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University , Fuzhou 350000 , People's Republic of China
| | - Shugang Li
- Faculty of Light Industry, School of Biological Engineering and Food , Hubei University of Technology , Wuhan 430068 , People's Republic of China
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Xu L, Jia F, Luo C, Yu Q, Dai R, Li X. Unravelling proteome changes of chicken egg whites under carbon dioxide modified atmosphere packaging. Food Chem 2018; 239:657-663. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.06.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Eggshell matrix proteins OC-116, OC-17 and OCX36 in hen's sperm storage tubules. Anim Reprod Sci 2017; 185:28-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2017.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Revised: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Bardet C, Courson F, Wu Y, Khaddam M, Salmon B, Ribes S, Thumfart J, Yamaguti PM, Rochefort GY, Figueres ML, Breiderhoff T, Garcia-Castaño A, Vallée B, Le Denmat D, Baroukh B, Guilbert T, Schmitt A, Massé JM, Bazin D, Lorenz G, Morawietz M, Hou J, Carvalho-Lobato P, Manzanares MC, Fricain JC, Talmud D, Demontis R, Neves F, Zenaty D, Berdal A, Kiesow A, Petzold M, Menashi S, Linglart A, Acevedo AC, Vargas-Poussou R, Müller D, Houillier P, Chaussain C. Claudin-16 Deficiency Impairs Tight Junction Function in Ameloblasts, Leading to Abnormal Enamel Formation. J Bone Miner Res 2016; 31:498-513. [PMID: 26426912 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.2726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Revised: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Claudin-16 protein (CLDN16) is a component of tight junctions (TJ) with a restrictive distribution so far demonstrated mainly in the kidney. Here, we demonstrate the expression of CLDN16 also in the tooth germ and show that claudin-16 gene (CLDN16) mutations result in amelogenesis imperfecta (AI) in the 5 studied patients with familial hypomagnesemia with hypercalciuria and nephrocalcinosis (FHHNC). To investigate the role of CLDN16 in tooth formation, we studied a murine model of FHHNC and showed that CLDN16 deficiency led to altered secretory ameloblast TJ structure, lowering of extracellular pH in the forming enamel matrix, and abnormal enamel matrix protein processing, resulting in an enamel phenotype closely resembling human AI. This study unravels an association of FHHNC owing to CLDN16 mutations with AI, which is directly related to the loss of function of CLDN16 during amelogenesis. Overall, this study indicates for the first time the importance of a TJ protein in tooth formation and underlines the need to establish a specific dental follow-up for these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Bardet
- EA 2496, Laboratory Orofacial Pathologies, Imaging and Biotherapies, Dental School Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France
| | - Frédéric Courson
- Department of Odontology, AP-HP, and Reference Center for Rare Diseases of the Metabolism of Calcium and Phosphorus, Nord Val de Seine Hospital, Bretonneau, France
| | - Yong Wu
- EA 2496, Laboratory Orofacial Pathologies, Imaging and Biotherapies, Dental School Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France.,Department of Oral and Cranio-maxillofacial Science, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | - Mayssam Khaddam
- EA 2496, Laboratory Orofacial Pathologies, Imaging and Biotherapies, Dental School Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France
| | - Benjamin Salmon
- EA 2496, Laboratory Orofacial Pathologies, Imaging and Biotherapies, Dental School Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France.,Department of Odontology, AP-HP, and Reference Center for Rare Diseases of the Metabolism of Calcium and Phosphorus, Nord Val de Seine Hospital, Bretonneau, France
| | - Sandy Ribes
- EA 2496, Laboratory Orofacial Pathologies, Imaging and Biotherapies, Dental School Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France
| | - Julia Thumfart
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Charité University School of Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Paulo M Yamaguti
- Division of Dentistry, Oral Care Center for Inherited Diseases, University Hospital of Brasilia, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Brasilia (UnB), Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Gael Y Rochefort
- EA 2496, Laboratory Orofacial Pathologies, Imaging and Biotherapies, Dental School Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France
| | - Marie-Lucile Figueres
- INSERM UMRS 1138, Cordeliers Research Center, Paris-Diderot, Pierre et Marie Curie and Paris Descartes Universities, CNRS ERL 8228, Paris, France
| | - Tilman Breiderhoff
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Charité University School of Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alejandro Garcia-Castaño
- Department of Genetics, AP-HP, and Reference Center of Children and Adult Renal Hereditary Diseases (MARHEA), European Hospital Georges Pompidou, Paris, France
| | - Benoit Vallée
- Laboratory CRRET, Paris-Est University, CNRS, Créteil, France
| | - Dominique Le Denmat
- EA 2496, Laboratory Orofacial Pathologies, Imaging and Biotherapies, Dental School Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France
| | - Brigitte Baroukh
- EA 2496, Laboratory Orofacial Pathologies, Imaging and Biotherapies, Dental School Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France
| | - Thomas Guilbert
- Cochin Institute, Plate-Forme d'Imagerie Photonique, INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Paris Descartes University Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Alain Schmitt
- Cochin Institute, Transmission Electron Microscopy Platform, INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Paris Descartes University Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Marc Massé
- Cochin Institute, Transmission Electron Microscopy Platform, INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR8104, Paris Descartes University Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Dominique Bazin
- Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, CNRS, Paris Sud University, Orsay, and LCMCP-UPMC, Collège de France, Paris, France
| | - Georg Lorenz
- Fraunhofer Institute for Mechanics of Materials IWM, Halle, Germany
| | - Maria Morawietz
- Fraunhofer Institute for Mechanics of Materials IWM, Halle, Germany
| | - Jianghui Hou
- Division of Renal Diseases, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Patricia Carvalho-Lobato
- Human Anatomy and Embryology, Health University of Barcelona Campus-Bellvitge, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Cristina Manzanares
- Human Anatomy and Embryology, Health University of Barcelona Campus-Bellvitge, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jean-Christophe Fricain
- CHU Bordeaux, Dental School, U1026 Tissue Bioengineering, University of Bordeaux/Inserm, Bordeaux, France
| | - Deborah Talmud
- Department of Pediatrics, Centre Hospitalier Régional (CHR) d'Orléans, Orleans, France
| | | | - Francisco Neves
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Brasilia (UNB), Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Delphine Zenaty
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, AP-HP, Paris Diderot University, Robert Debré Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Ariane Berdal
- INSERM UMRS 1138, Cordeliers Research Center, Paris-Diderot, Pierre et Marie Curie and Paris Descartes Universities, CNRS ERL 8228, Paris, France
| | - Andreas Kiesow
- Fraunhofer Institute for Mechanics of Materials IWM, Halle, Germany
| | - Matthias Petzold
- Fraunhofer Institute for Mechanics of Materials IWM, Halle, Germany
| | - Suzanne Menashi
- Laboratory CRRET, Paris-Est University, CNRS, Créteil, France
| | - Agnes Linglart
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, AP-HP, Paris Sud University, School of Medicine, and Reference Center for Rare Diseases of the Metabolism of Calcium and Phosphorus, Paris, France
| | - Ana Carolina Acevedo
- Division of Dentistry, Oral Care Center for Inherited Diseases, University Hospital of Brasilia, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Brasilia (UnB), Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Rosa Vargas-Poussou
- Department of Genetics, AP-HP, and Reference Center of Children and Adult Renal Hereditary Diseases (MARHEA), European Hospital Georges Pompidou, Paris, France
| | - Dominik Müller
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Charité University School of Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Pascal Houillier
- INSERM UMRS 1138, Cordeliers Research Center, Paris-Diderot, Pierre et Marie Curie and Paris Descartes Universities, CNRS ERL 8228, Paris, France.,Department of Physiology, AP-HP, and Reference Center of Children and Adult Renal Hereditary Diseases (MARHEA), Georges Pompidou European Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Catherine Chaussain
- EA 2496, Laboratory Orofacial Pathologies, Imaging and Biotherapies, Dental School Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, France.,Department of Odontology, AP-HP, and Reference Center for Rare Diseases of the Metabolism of Calcium and Phosphorus, Nord Val de Seine Hospital, Bretonneau, France
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Mann K. The calcified eggshell matrix proteome of a songbird, the zebra finch (Taeniopygia guttata). Proteome Sci 2015; 13:29. [PMID: 26628892 PMCID: PMC4666066 DOI: 10.1186/s12953-015-0086-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 11/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The proteins of avian eggshell organic matrices are thought to control the mineralization of the eggshell in the shell gland (uterus). Proteomic analysis of such matrices identified many candidates for such a role. However, all matrices analyzed to date come from species of one avian family, the Phasianidae. To analyze the conservation of such proteins throughout the entire class Aves and to possibly identify a common protein toolkit enabling eggshell mineralization, it is important to analyze eggshell matrices from other avian families. Because mass spectrometry-based in-depth proteomic analysis still depends on sequence databases as comprehensive and accurate as possible, the obvious choice for a first such comparative study was the eggshell matrix of zebra finch, the genome sequence of which is the only songbird genome published to date. Results The zebra finch eggshell matrix comprised 475 accepted protein identifications. Most of these proteins (84 %) were previously identified in species of the Phasianidae family (chicken, turkey, quail). This also included most of the so-called eggshell-specific proteins, the ovocleidins and ovocalyxins. Ovocleidin-116 was the second most abundant protein in the zebra finch eggshell matrix. Major proteins also included ovocalyxin-32 and -36. The sequence of ovocleidin-17 was not contained in the sequence database, but a presumptive homolog was tentatively identified by N-terminal sequence analysis of a prominent 17 kDa band. The major proteins also included three proteins similar to ovalbumin, the most abundant of which was identified as ovalbumin with the aid of two characteristic phosphorylation sites. Several other proteins identified in Phasianidae eggshell matrices were not identified. When the zebra finch sequence database contained a sequence similar to a missing phasianid protein it may be assumed that the protein is missing from the matrix. This applied to ovocalyxin-21/gastrokine-1, a major protein of the chicken eggshell matrix, to EDIL3 and to lactadherin. In other cases failure to identify a particular protein may be due to the absence of this protein from the sequence database, highlighting the importance of better, more comprehensive sequence databases. Conclusions The results indicate that ovocleidin-116, ovocleidin-17, ovocalyxin-36 and ovocalyxin-32 may be universal avian eggshell-mineralizing proteins. All the more important it is to elucidate the role of these proteins at the molecular level. This cannot be achieved by proteomic studies but will need application of other methods, such as atomic force microscopy or gene knockouts. However, it will also be important to analyze more eggshell matrices of different avian families to unequivocally identify other mineralization toolkit proteins apart from ovocleidins and ovocalyxins. Progress in this respect will depend critically on the availability of more, and more comprehensive, sequence databases. The development of faster and cheaper nucleotide sequencing methods has considerably accelerated genome and transcriptome sequencing, but this seems to concur with frequent publication of incomplete and fragmented sequence databases. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12953-015-0086-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karlheinz Mann
- Max-Planck-Institut für Biochemie, Abteilung Proteomics und Signaltransduktion, D-82152 Martinsried, Am Klopferspitz 18 Germany
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Mann K, Mann M. Proteomic analysis of quail calcified eggshell matrix: a comparison to chicken and turkey eggshell proteomes. Proteome Sci 2015; 13:22. [PMID: 26312056 PMCID: PMC4550075 DOI: 10.1186/s12953-015-0078-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Eggshell mineralization in commercially important species such as chicken, turkey or quail is of interest as a general model of calcium carbonate biomineralization. Knowledge of proteins and molecular mechanisms in eggshell assembly may also pave the way to manipulation of thickness of the calcified layer or other features. Comparison of eggshell matrix proteomes of different species may contribute to a better understanding of the mineralization process. The recent publication of the quail genome sequence now enables the proteomic analysis of the quail shell matrix and this comparison with those of chicken and turkey. Results The quail eggshell proteome comprised 622 identified proteins, 311 of which were shared with chicken and turkey eggshell proteomes. Forty-eight major proteins (iBAQ-derived abundance higher than 0.1 % of total identified proteome) together covered 94 % of total proteome mass. Fifteen of these are also among the most abundant proteins in chicken and turkey eggshell matrix. Only three proteins with a percentage higher than 1.0 % of the total had not previously been identified as eggshell matrix proteins. These were an uncharacterized member of the latexin family, an uncharacterized protease inhibitor containing a Kunitz domain, and gastric intrinsic factor. The most abundant proteins were ovocleidin-116, ovalbumin and ovocalyxin-36 representing approximately 31, 13 and 8 % of the total identified proteome, respectively. The major phosphoproteins were ovocleidin-116 and osteopontin. While osteopontin phosphorylation sites were predominantly conserved between chicken and quail sequences, conservation was less in ovocleidin-116. Conclusions Ovocleidin-116 and ovocalyxin-36 are among the most abundant eggshell matrix proteins in all three species of the family Phasianidae analyzed so far, indicating that their presently unknown function is essential for eggshell mineralization. Evidence for other chicken eggshell-specific proteins in quail was inconclusive. Therefore measurement of additional eggshell proteomes, especially from species of different families and preferentially from outside the order Galliformes, will be necessary. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12953-015-0078-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karlheinz Mann
- Max-Planck-Institut für Biochemie, Abteilung Proteomics und Signaltransduktion, Am Klopferspitz 18, D-82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Matthias Mann
- Max-Planck-Institut für Biochemie, Abteilung Proteomics und Signaltransduktion, Am Klopferspitz 18, D-82152 Martinsried, Germany
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McKee MD, Hoac B, Addison WN, Barros NM, Millán JL, Chaussain C. Extracellular matrix mineralization in periodontal tissues: Noncollagenous matrix proteins, enzymes, and relationship to hypophosphatasia and X-linked hypophosphatemia. Periodontol 2000 2013; 63:102-22. [PMID: 23931057 PMCID: PMC3766584 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/15/2012] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
As broadly demonstrated for the formation of a functional skeleton, proper mineralization of periodontal alveolar bone and teeth - where calcium phosphate crystals are deposited and grow within an extracellular matrix - is essential for dental function. Mineralization defects in tooth dentin and cementum of the periodontium invariably lead to a weak (soft or brittle) dentition in which teeth become loose and prone to infection and are lost prematurely. Mineralization of the extremities of periodontal ligament fibers (Sharpey's fibers) where they insert into tooth cementum and alveolar bone is also essential for the function of the tooth-suspensory apparatus in occlusion and mastication. Molecular determinants of mineralization in these tissues include mineral ion concentrations (phosphate and calcium), pyrophosphate, small integrin-binding ligand N-linked glycoproteins and matrix vesicles. Amongst the enzymes important in regulating these mineralization determinants, two are discussed at length here, with clinical examples given, namely tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase and phosphate-regulating gene with homologies to endopeptidases on the X chromosome. Inactivating mutations in these enzymes in humans and in mouse models lead to the soft bones and teeth characteristic of hypophosphatasia and X-linked hypophosphatemia, respectively, where the levels of local and systemic circulating mineralization determinants are perturbed. In X-linked hypophosphatemia, in addition to renal phosphate wasting causing low circulating phosphate levels, phosphorylated mineralization-regulating small integrin-binding ligand N-linked glycoproteins, such as matrix extracellular phosphoglycoprotein and osteopontin, and the phosphorylated peptides proteolytically released from them, such as the acidic serine- and aspartate-rich-motif peptide, may accumulate locally to impair mineralization in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc D. McKee
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Betty Hoac
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - William N. Addison
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection and Immunity, Harvard University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nilana M.T. Barros
- Departamento de Biofísica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil, and Departamento de Ciências Exatas e da Terra, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Diadema, SP, Brasil
| | - José Luis Millán
- Sanford Children's Health Research Center, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Catherine Chaussain
- EA 2496, UFR Odontologie, University Paris Descartes PRES Sorbonne Paris Cité; AP-HP: Odontology Department Bretonneau, Paris and Centre de Référence des Maladies Rares du Métabolisme du Phosphore et du Calcium, Kremlin Bicêtre, France
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Mann K, Mann M. The proteome of the calcified layer organic matrix of turkey (Meleagris gallopavo) eggshell. Proteome Sci 2013; 11:40. [PMID: 23981693 PMCID: PMC3766105 DOI: 10.1186/1477-5956-11-40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2013] [Accepted: 08/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chicken eggshell mineralization is a prominent model for biomineralization not only because of its importance for avian reproduction but also because of the commercial interest associated with eggshell quality. An analysis and comparison of the protein constituents of eggshells of several species would contribute to a better understanding of the shell mineralization process. The recent publication of the turkey genome sequence now provides a basis for the in-depth analysis of the turkey eggshell proteome. Results Proteomic analysis of turkey acid-soluble and acid-insoluble organic eggshell matrix yielded 697 identified proteins/protein groups. However, intensity-based absolute quantification (iBAQ) results indicated that the 47 most abundant identified proteins already constituted 95% of the total turkey eggshell matrix proteome. Forty-four of these proteins were also identified in chicken eggshell matrix previously. Despite these similarities there were important and unexpected differences. While ovocleidin-116 and ovocalyxin-36 were major proteins constituting approximately 37% of the identified proteome, other members of the group of so-called eggshell-specific proteins were not identified. Thus ovocalyxin-21 and ovocalyxin-32 were missing among matrix proteins. Conversely, major turkey eggshell proteins were not detected in chicken, such as the bone protein periostin, the mammalian counterpart of which is involved in many aspects of bone metabolism and which represented 10-11% of the total identified proteome. Conclusions Even members of the same avian family show important differences in eggshell matrix composition and more studies on the proteome and the transcriptome level will be necessary to identify a common toolkit of eggshell mineralization and to work out species differences among functional eggshell protein sets and their role in eggshell production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karlheinz Mann
- Max-Planck-Institut für Biochemie, Abteilung Proteomics und Signaltransduktion, D-82152, Martinsried, Am Klopferspitz 18, Germany.
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Rowe PSN. The chicken or the egg: PHEX, FGF23 and SIBLINGs unscrambled. Cell Biochem Funct 2012; 30:355-75. [PMID: 22573484 PMCID: PMC3389266 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.2841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2012] [Revised: 03/23/2012] [Accepted: 04/18/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The eggshell is an ancient innovation that helped the vertebrates' transition from the oceans and gain dominion over the land. Coincident with this conquest, several new eggshell and noncollagenous bone-matrix proteins (NCPs) emerged. The protein ovocleidin-116 is one of these proteins with an ancestry stretching back to the Triassic. Ovocleidin-116 is an avian homolog of Matrix Extracellular Phosphoglycoprotein (MEPE) and belongs to a group of proteins called Small Integrin-Binding Ligand Interacting Glycoproteins (SIBLINGs). The genes for these NCPs are all clustered on chromosome 5q in mice and chromosome 4q in humans. A unifying feature of the SIBLING proteins is an Acidic Serine Aspartate-Rich MEPE (ASARM)-associated motif. The ASARM motif and the released ASARM peptide play roles in mineralization, bone turnover, mechanotransduction, phosphate regulation and energy metabolism. ASARM peptides and motifs are physiological substrates for phosphate-regulating gene with homologies to endopeptidases on the X chromosome (PHEX), a Zn metalloendopeptidase. Defects in PHEX are responsible for X-linked hypophosphatemic rickets. PHEX interacts with another ASARM motif containing SIBLING protein, Dentin Matrix Protein-1 (DMP1). DMP1 mutations cause bone-renal defects that are identical with the defects caused by loss of PHEX function. This results in autosomal recessive hypophosphatemic rickets (ARHR). In both X-linked hypophosphatemic rickets and ARHR, increased fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) expression occurs, and activating mutations in FGF23 cause autosomal dominant hypophosphatemic rickets (ADHR). ASARM peptide administration in vitro and in vivo also induces increased FGF23 expression. This review will discuss the evidence for a new integrative pathway involved in bone formation, bone-renal mineralization, renal phosphate homeostasis and energy metabolism in disease and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter S N Rowe
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Kidney Institute, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA.
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