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de Oliveira GB, de Araújo Júnior HN, de Moura CEB, Favaron PO, Pereira AF, de Oliveira MF. Placental development in the early stages of red-rumped agouti pregnancy ( Dasyprocta leporina Linnaeus, 1758). J Vet Sci 2023; 24:e49. [PMID: 38031643 PMCID: PMC10556294 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.22323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hystricomorpha rodents display a similar placentation model to humans. The present study was carried out considering the scarcity of information concerning the placental development in agouti. OBJECTIVE Describe the microscopy of the placenta, subplacenta and yolk sac of agoutis in early pregnancy and report on the inversion of the yolk sac. METHODS Fifteen females between the 14th-32nd day of gestation were used following euthanasia. Gestational buttons were collected, fixed, processed, stained to optical microscopy or immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Chorioallantoic placenta (CP) ranged from conical to a half-sphere, as follows: from the 14th to 17th day, the CP displays an inverted "V" shape, predominantly formed by cytotrophoblasts; from 20 to 22 days, formed almost entirely by cytotrophoblasts; at 28 days, a half sphere, with distinct lobes and interlobular area, numerous maternal gaps delimited by syncytiotrophoblasts and trophoblast giant cells; at 32 days, globose and undergoing the maturation process. Subplacenta, located between decidua and CP, initially presents septa consisting of simple columnar epithelium and after 17 days, comprising stratified epithelium. Visceral yolk sac (VYS) is attached to two CP projections between 14 and 17 days, formed by a simple cubic epithelium and inverted. Between 20 and 22 days, the epithelium displays apical villous projections with cytoplasmic vacuoles and a vascularized mesoderm. After the 24th day, the VYS near the placenta is pleated, very vascularized and villous, with decreased villi sizes further away from the placenta. CONCLUSION The agouti CP displays similar characteristics to other hystricomorpha, including placenta lobulation, a subplacenta and an inverted vitelline placenta.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Moacir Franco de Oliveira
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, Mossoró, RN 59.625-900, Brasil
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Acuña F, Portiansky EL, Miglino MA, Flamini MA, Barbeito CG. Embryonic-placental relationship in Lagostomus maximus as compared to other hystricognath rodents and eutherian mammals. ZOOLOGY 2023; 158:126082. [PMID: 36905895 DOI: 10.1016/j.zool.2023.126082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
Reproductive specializations in caviomorphs (infraorder Hystricognathi), are very peculiar within the Order Rodentia. These include long gestations, the birth of offspring with an extreme degree of precociality, and short lactation periods. This study describes the embryo-placental relationship of viable implantation sites (IS) of the plains viscacha, Lagostomus maximus, after 46 post-coital days. The observations recorded in this study are comparatively discussed with those of other hystricognaths and eutherians. At this stage, the embryo resembles that of other eutherians. At this time of embryo development, the placenta exhibits a size, shape, and organization similar to that it will have in its mature state. Besides, the subplacenta is already highly folded. These characteristics are adequate to sustain the development of future precocial offspring. The mesoplacenta, a structure present in other hystricognaths and related to uterine regeneration is described for the first time in this species. This detailed description of the placental and embryonic structure contributes to the knowledge of the reproductive and developmental biology of the viscacha, as well as that of hystricognaths. These characteristics will allow testing other hypotheses related to the morphology and physiology of the placenta and subplacenta, and their relationship with the growth and development of precocial offspring in Hystricognathi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Acuña
- Laboratorio de Histología y Embriología Descriptiva, Experimental y Comparada, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina.
| | - Enrique Leo Portiansky
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina; Laboratorio de Análisis de Imágenes, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - María Angélica Miglino
- Departamento de Cirugia, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária y Zootecnia, Universidade de San Pablo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mirta Alicia Flamini
- Laboratorio de Histología y Embriología Descriptiva, Experimental y Comparada, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Claudio Gustavo Barbeito
- Laboratorio de Histología y Embriología Descriptiva, Experimental y Comparada, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata, Argentina; Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
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de Oliveira FD, Santos PRDS, de Oliveira MF, de Assis AC. Galea spixii embryos have potential to produce steroid hormones. Anim Reprod 2023; 19:e20220091. [PMID: 36686856 PMCID: PMC9844670 DOI: 10.1590/1984-3143-ar2022-0091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Estrogens and progestogens are hormones produced by maternal organs and it is required for recognition and maintenance of pregnancy. In addition, the embryo may also be a source. For this, the aim was to identify steroidogenic expression on Galea spixii embryos early in the embryonic period. Embryos were collected on Days 10 and 15 of gestation; some were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde for morphological and immunohistochemical analysis (P450arom), whereas others had RNA extracted to determine presence of CYP19a1 gene. In addition, for immunochemistry, maternal ovaries were collected as positive control tissues. Maternal tissues had positive staining for aromatase, whereas none of the embryos stained for P450 aromatase. Based on qPCR reactions, CYP19a1 gene were expressed in all embryos. Galea spixii embryos expressed steroidogenic genes during the post-implantation period, indicating they have the potential to produce steroid hormones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franceliusa Delys de Oliveira
- Departamento de Cirurgia, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Paulo Ramos da Silva Santos
- Departamento de Cirurgia, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | | | - Antônio Chaves de Assis
- Departamento de Cirurgia, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil,Corresponding author:
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Abstract
Significant advances have been observed in the field of cell biology, with numerous studies exploring the molecular genetic pathways that have contributed to species evolution and disease development. The current study adds to the existing body of research evidence by reviewing information related to the role of leftover viruses and/or viral remnants in human physiology. To explore leftover viruses, their incorporation, and their roles in human physiology. The study entailed conducting a systematic search in the PsycINFO, PubMed, Web of Science, and CINAHL databases to locate articles related to the topic of investigation. The search terms included “leftovers,” “viruses,” “genome sequences,” “transposable elements,” “immune response,” and “evolution.” Additional articles were selected from the references of the studies identified in the electronic databases. Evidence showed that both retroviruses and nonretroviruses can be integrated into the human germline via various mechanisms. The role of leftover viruses in human physiology has been explored by studying the activation of human retroviral genes in the human placenta, RNA transfer between neurons through virus-like particles, and RNA transfer through extracellular vesicles. Research evidence suggested that leftover viruses play key roles in human physiology. A more complete understanding of the underlying pathways may provide an avenue for studying human evolution and allow researchers to determine the pathogenesis of some viral infections. Evidence obtained in this review shows that leftover viruses may be incorporated into the human genome. Retroviral genes are critical for the development of different parts of the body, such as the placenta in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Borros Arneth
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiochemistry, Molecular Diagnostics, University Hospital of the Universities of Giessen and Marburg UKGM, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Feulgenstr. 12, 35392, Giessen, Germany.
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Acuña F, Barbeito CG, Portiansky EL, Miglino MA, Flamini MA. Prenatal development in Lagostomus maximus (Rodentia, Chinchillidae): A unique case among eutherian mammals of physiological embryonic death. J Morphol 2021; 282:720-732. [PMID: 33638264 DOI: 10.1002/jmor.21341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Embryonic death followed by resorption is a conserved process in mammals. Among the polyovular species, Lagostomus maximus (plains viscacha) constitutes a model of early and physiological embryonic death, since out of a total of 10-12 implants, 8-10 are resorbed during early/intermediate gestation, surviving are only the most caudal implantations of each uterine horn. This regular reproductive event is unique to this species, but many characteristics of the implantations during the early gestation of L. maximus, when embryonic death processes begin are unknown. The aim of the present work was to analyze the implantation sites of this species using morphological, morphometric, histochemical, lectinhistochemical, and immunohistochemical techniques to infer the possible causes of this event. Macroscopically, the length and width of the implantation sites significantly increased in a craniocaudal direction. Histochemically, the implantation sites did not differ in the expression of glycoconjugates and glycosidic residues. Furthermore, no variations were observed in cell renewal, hormone receptor expression, and decidualization. Both the glandular and vascular areas of the implantation sites significantly increased in the craniocaudal axis. Some necrotic cells and an inflammatory response with a predominance of lymphocytes and fibrin were observed in the cranial and middle but not in the caudal implantation sites. We conclude that signs of embryonic death and resorption are already observed in the early gestation of L. maximus. Our results reaffirm the hypothesis that postulates the key potential role of uterine glands and blood vessels in the gestation of the species, with emphasis on embryonic death. This pattern of embryonic death in L. maximus makes this species an unconventional mammalian model, which adds to the peculiarities of polyovulation (200-800 oocytes/estrus) and hemochorial placentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Acuña
- Laboratorio de Histología y Embriología Descriptiva, Experimental y Comparada, Cátedra de Histología y Embriología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional de La Plata (LHYEDEYC, FCV-UNLP), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), CCT - La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Claudio G Barbeito
- Laboratorio de Histología y Embriología Descriptiva, Experimental y Comparada, Cátedra de Histología y Embriología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional de La Plata (LHYEDEYC, FCV-UNLP), Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), CCT - La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Enrique L Portiansky
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), CCT - La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Laboratorio de Análisis de Imágenes, Cátedra de Patología General, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional de La Plata (LAI, FCV-UNLP), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María A Miglino
- Departamento de Cirugía, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad de San Pablo, San Pablo, Brazil
| | - Mirta A Flamini
- Laboratorio de Histología y Embriología Descriptiva, Experimental y Comparada, Cátedra de Histología y Embriología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional de La Plata (LHYEDEYC, FCV-UNLP), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Borghesi J, Giancoli Kato Cano da Silva M, de Oliveira Pimenta Guimarães K, Mario LC, de Almeida da Anunciação AR, Silveira Rabelo AC, Gonçalves Hayashi R, Lima MF, Miglino MA, Oliveira Favaron P, Oliveira Carreira AC. Evaluation of immunohistopathological profile of tubular and solid canine mammary carcinomas. Res Vet Sci 2021; 136:119-126. [PMID: 33609969 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2021.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women, but the incidence of mammary carcinoma in female dogs is even higher than in humans. These two tumors have similarities that can be seen by its biological behavior, molecular genetic alterations, and histology. This suggest that female dogs can be an excellent model for preclinical oncological studies. And the mammary carcinoma most frequently found in this species is the tubular and solid carcinomas. The extracellular matrix (ECM) has an important role in the progression of these tumors. Because of that we proposed to evaluate the ECM components of these carcinomas through histology with specific stains such as Masson's Trichrome, Picrosirius Red and the technique of scanning electron microscopy. With that, we found the presence of collagen fibers in the tubular carcinoma and around its parenchyma. On the other hand, the solid carcinoma presented collagen fibers throughout the parenchyma and around each tumor cell. With the transmission electron microscopy, we observed the presence of mitochondrias and rough endoplasmic reticulum in both tumors. And finally, we evaluated the expression of proteins through the immunohistochemistry, in which we found a high expression of VEGF, PCNA, CK-18 and vimentin in solid carcinoma, and a positive mark in the tubular and solid carcinoma for collagen I, III and fibronectin. Thus, we demonstrated some differences in the ECM of these mammary carcinomas, allowing a better understanding of its histological characteristics, and these data may contribute to future studies about therapies focused on tumors ECM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jéssica Borghesi
- Department of Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo (FMVZ-USP), Sao Paulo, Brazil.
| | | | | | - Lara Carolina Mario
- Department of Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo (FMVZ-USP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Carolina Silveira Rabelo
- Department of Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo (FMVZ-USP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rafael Gonçalves Hayashi
- Department of Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo (FMVZ-USP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mariana Ferreira Lima
- Department of Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo (FMVZ-USP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Angélica Miglino
- Department of Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo (FMVZ-USP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Phelipe Oliveira Favaron
- Department of Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo (FMVZ-USP), Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ana Claudia Oliveira Carreira
- Department of Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo (FMVZ-USP), Sao Paulo, Brazil; NUCEL (Cell and Molecular Therapy Center), School of Medicine, Sao Paulo University, Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
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Flamini MA, Barreto RS, Matias GS, Birbrair A, Harumi de Castro Sasahara T, Barbeito CG, Miglino MA. Key characteristics of the ovary and uterus for reproduction with particular reference to poly ovulation in the plains viscacha (Lagostomus maximus, chinchillidae). Theriogenology 2020; 142:184-195. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2019.09.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Favaron PO, Borghesi J, Mess AM, Castelucci P, Schiavo Matias GDS, Barreto RDSN, Miglino MA. Establishment of 3-dimensional scaffolds from hemochorial placentas. Placenta 2019; 81:32-41. [PMID: 31138429 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2019.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a complex, tissue-specific 3-dimensional network that controls cell processes. ECMs derived from various organs are used to produce biological scaffolds comparable to the native microenvironment. Although placentas are often overlooked, they offer a rich ECM for tissue engineering, especially the hemochorial placentas from rodents and lagomorphs that resemble the ones from humans. METHODS Here we established a protocol for decellularization and investigated the ECM in native and decellularized placentas of guinea pigs, rats and rabbits by means of histology, immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence and scanning electron microscopy. RESULTS Effective decellularization were achieved by immersion in 0.25% Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate for 3 days, resulting in an intact ECM, while cells or nuclei were absent. All species had a high diversity of ECM components that varied between areas. DISCUSSION Dense fibrous networks in the junctional zone were strongly positive to collagen I, III and IV, fibronectin, and laminin ECM markers. Noticeable response were also found for the decidua, especially along the maternal vessels. The labyrinth had thin fibers strongly positive for fibronectin and laminin, but not much for collagens. In conclusion, we established an effective protocol to obtain biological scaffolds from animal models with hemochorial placentas that possessed promising values for future purposes in Regenerative Medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phelipe O Favaron
- Department of Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Jéssica Borghesi
- Department of Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Andrea Maria Mess
- Department of Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Patricia Castelucci
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Gustavo de Sá Schiavo Matias
- Department of Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo da Silva Nunes Barreto
- Department of Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Maria Angelica Miglino
- Department of Surgery, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Endoscopy, histology and electron microscopy analysis of foetal membranes in pregnant South American plains vizcacha reveal unusual excrescences on the yolk sac. J Mol Histol 2018; 49:245-255. [DOI: 10.1007/s10735-018-9764-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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da Anunciação ARA, Mess AM, Orechio D, Aguiar BA, Favaron PO, Miglino MA. Extracellular matrix in epitheliochorial, endotheliochorial and haemochorial placentation and its potential application for regenerative medicine. Reprod Domest Anim 2016; 52:3-15. [DOI: 10.1111/rda.12868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- ARA da Anunciação
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science; University of Sao Paulo; Sao Paulo Brazil
| | - AM Mess
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science; University of Sao Paulo; Sao Paulo Brazil
| | - D Orechio
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science; University of Sao Paulo; Sao Paulo Brazil
| | - BA Aguiar
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science; University of Sao Paulo; Sao Paulo Brazil
| | - PO Favaron
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science; University of Sao Paulo; Sao Paulo Brazil
| | - MA Miglino
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science; University of Sao Paulo; Sao Paulo Brazil
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Placental Evolution within the Supraordinal Clades of Eutheria with the Perspective of Alternative Animal Models for Human Placentation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1155/2014/639274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Here a survey of placental evolution is conducted. Placentation is a key factor for the evolution of placental mammals that had evolved an astonishing diversity. As a temporary organ that does not allow easy access, it is still not well understood. The lack of data also is a restriction for better understanding of placental development, structure, and function in the human. Animal models are essential, because experimental access to the human placenta is naturally restricted. However, there is not a single ideal model that is entirely similar to humans. It is particularly important to establish other models than the mouse, which is characterised by a short gestation period and poorly developed neonates that may provide insights only for early human pregnancy. In conclusion, current evolutionary studies have contributed essentially to providing a pool of experimental models for recent and future approaches that may also meet the requirements of a long gestation period and advanced developmental status of the newborn in the human. Suitability and limitations of taxa as alternative animal models are discussed. However, further investigations especially in wildlife taxa should be conducted in order to learn more about the full evolutionary plasticity of the placenta system.
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Vasconcelos BG, Favaron PO, Miglino MA, Mess AM. Development and morphology of the inverted yolk sac in the guinea pig (Cavia porcellus). Theriogenology 2013; 80:636-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2013.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2013] [Revised: 06/05/2013] [Accepted: 06/06/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Vale AM, Oliveira GB, Favaron PO, Miglino MA, Paula VV, Silva AR, Oliveira MF. Dinâmica da inversão do saco vitelino em preás (Galea spixii Wagler, 1831). PESQUISA VETERINARIA BRASILEIRA 2013. [DOI: 10.1590/s0100-736x2013000800014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar o período de inversão do saco vitelino bem como a dinâmica resultante deste processo na gestação inicial em preás, utilizando-se microscopia de luz, microscopia eletrônica de varredura e de transmissão. No décimo segundo dia de gestação observou-se o desenvolvimento dos endodermas parietal e visceral delimitando a cavidade do saco vitelino. O endoderma parietal foi evidenciado revestindo a superfície fetal da placenta corioalantoidea bem como contornando o espaço delimitado pela decídua capsular. Estes endodermas apresentaram formato prismático e encontraram-se separados do trofoblasto por uma desenvolvida membrana de Reichert. Já o endoderma visceral continha vasos vitelínicos e possuía vilosidades apenas em determinadas áreas. No décimo quarto dia de gestação verificou-se a inversão do saco vitelino, caracterizada pela degeneração do endoderma parietal e trofoblasto mural, associado ao desaparecimento gradual da membrana de Reichert. Como consequência deste fenômeno, o endoderma visceral passou a constituir uma interface com o epitélio uterino. Após a inversão, o endoderma parietal que permaneceu íntegro foi aquele que se apoiava na superfície da placenta corioalantóidea, apresentando células em formato colunar alto e característica de epitélio pseudoestratificado. O endoderma visceral apresentou numerosas vilosidades apicais principalmente em regiões próximas a placenta corioalantóidea. Com o contínuo desenvolvimento do embrião e placenta corioalantóidea, observou-se o surgimento de importante área de aposição entre os endodermas visceral e parietal. A inversão do saco vitelino representou uma disposição anatômica favorável ao desenvolvimento embrionário, além de ser uma característica evolutiva nesta espécie de roedor.
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Carter AM, Enders AC, Jones CJP, Keovichit PK, Hugot JP. A new form of rodent placentation in the relict species, Laonastes aenigmamus (Rodentia: Diatomyidae). Placenta 2013; 34:548-58. [PMID: 23643068 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2013.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2013] [Revised: 04/04/2013] [Accepted: 04/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The Laotian rock rat is a relict species in a sister group relationship to hystricognath rodents (Hystricognathi). We asked whether there were similarities in placentation that might reflect this relationship or differences that might cast light on the evolution of Hystricognathi. METHODS We examined the reproductive tract of nonpregnant (n = 5), early (n = 3) and mid to late gestation (n = 2) females. Selected characters were mapped to a phylogenetic tree to examine their evolution in rodents. RESULTS The chorionic placenta was discoid and labyrinthine with a spongy zone but without internal lobes. The interhemal region was hemodichorial with syncytiotrophoblast lining maternal blood spaces and an inner layer of vacuolated cytotrophoblast. There was no subplacenta. The yolk sac was well developed with a villous portion that faced the placental disk but no fibrovascular ring. There was a single fetus that very likely would be precocial at birth. DISCUSSION A lobulated labyrinth and the presence of a subplacenta and a fibrovascular ring emerged as synapomorphies for Hystricognathi. Laonastes, Ctenodactylus and stem Hystricognathi all had precocial young, whereas altriciality was the plesiomorphic condition for rodents. A hemomonochorial interhemal region was plesiomorphic for rodents and Hystricognathi, and the hemodichorial condition found in Laonastes, and possibly in Ctenodactylus, was unlike that of any rodent studied to date. CONCLUSION Similar to Hystricognathi, Laonastes bears precocial young, but this species lacks placental adaptations such as the subplacenta, suggesting they were evolved subsequent to a change in reproductive strategy in the common ancestor of Laonastes and Hystricognathi.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Carter
- Cardiovascular and Renal Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, 5000 Odense, Denmark.
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Carter AM, Mess AM. Conservation of placentation during the tertiary radiation of mammals in South America. J Morphol 2013; 274:557-69. [DOI: 10.1002/jmor.20120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2012] [Revised: 11/19/2012] [Accepted: 11/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Mess AM, Favaron PO, Pfarrer C, Osmann C, Melo APF, Rodrigues RF, Ambrósio CE, Bevilacqua E, Miglino MA. Placentation in the anteaters Myrmecophaga tridactyla and Tamandua tetradactyla (Eutheria, Xenarthra). Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2012; 10:102. [PMID: 23199198 PMCID: PMC3527233 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7827-10-102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2012] [Accepted: 11/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since Xenarthra are serious candidates for being basal to Eutheria, their characteristics, e.g. the placental system, influence perceptions of evolution. However, in the subgroup containing the anteaters, data are very limited. The present study aims to elucidate the nature of the feto-maternal interface in the anteater placenta and to interpret these data within an evolutionary context. METHODS Placentas of two species were investigated with histology, immunohistochemistry and transmission electron microscopy. RESULTS Remnants of the maternal vessel endothelium were absent, resulting in a fully haemochorial barrier throughout the placenta. Two structurally different parts, the villous and trabecular areas were complex and intermingled. In particular, the trabeculae which consisted of cellular, proliferative trophoblast, associated with connective tissue, were attached to the decidua. The villi contained fetal capillaries and hypertrophied mesenchymal cells that occurred near the surface near the end of gestation. The surface of the villi consisted of flat, syncytial trophoblast, interspersed with proliferative trophoblast cells. CONCLUSIONS Based on fundamental differences between anteaters and armadillos, we inferred that placental evolution was more complex than previously thought. The haemochorial pattern of anteaters was likely an ancient condition of xenarthrans. Consequently, villous placentation may be attributed, at least in part, by convergent evolution, but was also characterized by some features that were widespread among xenarthrans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea M Mess
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, CEP 05508-270, Brazil
| | - Phelipe O Favaron
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, CEP 05508-270, Brazil
| | - Christiane Pfarrer
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bischofsholer Damm 15, 30173, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Allan PF Melo
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, CEP 05508-270, Brazil
| | - Rosangela F Rodrigues
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, CEP 05508-270, Brazil
| | - Carlos E Ambrósio
- Department of Basic Science, Faculty of Animal Sciences and Food Engineering, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Duque de Caxias Norte, 225, ZAB, Pirassununga, CEP 13635-900, Brazil
| | - Estela Bevilacqua
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 1524, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, CEP 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Maria A Miglino
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva, 87, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, CEP 05508-270, Brazil
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Rezende LC, Barbeito CG, Favaron PO, Mess A, Miglino MA. The fetomaternal interface in the placenta of three species of armadillos (Eutheria, Xenarthra, Dasypodidae). Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2012; 10:38. [PMID: 22559925 PMCID: PMC3447719 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7827-10-38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2012] [Accepted: 04/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Placental characters vary among Xenarthra, one of four supraordinal clades of Eutheria. Armadillos are known for villous, haemochorial placentas similar to humans. Only the nine-banded armadillo has been well studied so far. METHODS Placentas of three species of armadillos were investigated by means of histology, immunohistochemistry including proliferation marker, and transmission and scanning electron microscopy. RESULTS The gross anatomy differed: Euphractus sexcinctus and Chaetophractus villosus had extended, zonary placentas, whereas Chaetophractus vellerosus had a disk. All taxa had complex villous areas within the maternal blood sinuses of the endometrium. Immunohistochemistry indicated the validity of former interpretations that the endothelium of the sinuses was largely intact. Tips of the villi and the columns entering the maternal tissue possessed trophoblast cell clusters with proliferation activity. Elsewhere, the feto-maternal barrier was syncytial haemochorial with fetal vessels near the surface. CONCLUSIONS Differences among armadillos occurred in regard to the extension of the placenta, whereas the fine structure was similar. Parallels to the human suggest that armadillos are likely to be useful animal models for human placentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenna C Rezende
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva, no. 87, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, CEP 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Claudio G Barbeito
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, La Plata University, 118 La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Phelipe O Favaron
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva, no. 87, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, CEP 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Andrea Mess
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva, no. 87, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, CEP 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Maria A Miglino
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Prof. Dr. Orlando Marques de Paiva, no. 87, Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP, CEP 05508-000, Brazil
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