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Su J, Yang X, Xu H, Pei Y, Liu QS, Zhou Q, Jiang G. Screening (ant)agonistic activities of xenobiotics on the retinoic acid receptor alpha (RARα) using in vitro and in silico analysis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 947:174717. [PMID: 38997027 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Revised: 07/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
Retinoic acid receptors (RARs) are known as crucial endocrine receptors that could mediate a broad diversity of biological processes. However, the data on endocrine disrupting effects of emerging chemicals by targeting RAR (ant)agonism are far from sufficient. Herein, we investigated the RARα agonistic or antagonistic activities for 75 emerging chemicals of concern, and explored their interactions with this receptor. A recombinant two-hybrid yeast assay was used to examine the RARα activities of the test chemicals, wherein 7 showed effects of RARα agonism and 54 exerted potentials of RARα antagonism. The representative chemicals with RARα agonistic activities, i.e. 4-hydroxylphenol (4-HP) and bisphenol AF (BPAF), significantly increased the mRNA levels of CRABP2 and CYP26A1, while 4 select chemicals with RARα antagonistic potentials, including bisphenol A (BPA), tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA), 4-tert-octylphenol (4-t-OP), and 4-n-nonylphenol (4-n-NP), conversely decreased the transcriptional levels of the test genes. The in silico molecular docking analysis using 3 different approaches further confirmed the substantial binding between the chemicals with RARα activities and this nuclear receptor protein. This work highlights the promising strategy for screening endocrine-disrupting effects of emerging chemicals of concern by targeting RARα (ant)agonism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Su
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaoxi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
| | - Hanqing Xu
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Ecological Treatment Technology for Urban Water Pollution, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Yao Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qian S Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Qunfang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Guibin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Wu J, Yang F, Wu X, Liu X, Zheng D. Comparison of genome-wide DNA methylation patterns between antler precartilage and cartilage. Mol Genet Genomics 2023; 298:343-352. [PMID: 36513842 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-022-01983-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Deer antlers are the only mammalian organs that can fully regenerate after being lost and provide a valuable model for cartilage development. As one of the best-studied epigenetic mechanisms, DNA methylation is known to engage in organ and tissue development. This study aimed to investigate the role of DNA methylation in antler chondrogenesis by comparing whole-genome DNA methylation between precartilage and cartilage. Quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR) showed significant differences in the expression levels of DNA methyltransferase genes (DNMT1, DNMT3A, and DNMT3B) between precartilage and cartilage. Subsequently, we obtained DNA methylation profiles of antler precartilage and cartilage tissues by whole-genome bisulfite sequencing. Although sequencing data indicated that overall methylation levels at CpG and non-CpG sites were similar between precartilage and cartilage, 140,784 differentially methylated regions (DMRs, P < 0.05) and 3,941 DMR-related genes were identified. Gene ontology (GO) analysis of DMR-related genes demonstrated some significantly enriched GO terms (P < 0.05) related to chondrogenesis, including insulin receptor binding, collage trimer, integrin binding, and extracellular matrix structural constituent. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis of DMR-related genes uncovered that the PI3K/AKT, cortisol synthesis and secretion, glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis-keratan sulfate, Hippo, and NF-κB signaling pathways might play a pivotal role in the transition of precartilage to cartilage. Moreover, we found that 25 DMR-related genes, including CD44, IGF1, ITGAV, ITGB1, RUNX1, COL2A1, COMP, and TAGLN, were most likely involved in antler chondrogenesis. In conclusion, this study revealed the genome-wide DNA methylation patterns of antler precartilage and cartilage, which may contribute to understanding the epigenetic regulation of antler chondrogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Wu
- Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Biology, College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, No. 26, Hexing Road, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Biology, College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, No. 26, Hexing Road, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xuanye Wu
- Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Biology, College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, No. 26, Hexing Road, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xuedong Liu
- Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Biology, College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, No. 26, Hexing Road, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang, China.
| | - Dong Zheng
- Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Biology, College of Wildlife and Protected Area, Northeast Forestry University, No. 26, Hexing Road, Harbin, 150040, Heilongjiang, China.
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The roles of Runx1 in skeletal development and osteoarthritis: A concise review. Heliyon 2022; 8:e12656. [PMID: 36636224 PMCID: PMC9830174 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e12656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Runt-related transcription factor-1 (Runx1) is well known for its functions in hematopoiesis and leukemia but recent research has focused on its role in skeletal development and osteoarthritis (OA). Deficiency of the Runx1 gene is fatal in early embryonic development, and specific knockout of Runx1 in cell lineages of cartilage and bone leads to delayed cartilage formation and impaired bone calcification. Runx1 can regulate genes including collagen type II (Col2a1) and X (Col10a1), SRY-box transcription factor 9 (Sox9), aggrecan (Acan) and matrix metalloproteinase 13 (MMP-13), and the up-regulation of Runx1 improves the homeostasis of the whole joint, even in the pathological state. Moreover, Runx1 is activated as a response to mechanical compression, but impaired in the joint with the pathological progress associated with osteoarthritis. Therefore, interpretation about the role of Runx1 could enlarge our understanding of key marker genes in the skeletal development and an increased understanding of Runx1 could be helpful to identify treatments for osteoarthritis. This review provides the most up-to-date advances in the roles and bio-mechanisms of Runx1 in healthy joints and osteoarthritis from all currently published articles and gives novel insights in therapeutic approaches to OA based on Runx1.
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Cruz ACC, Cardozo FTGDS, Magini RDS, Simões CMO. Retinoic acid increases the effect of bone morphogenetic protein type 2 on osteogenic differentiation of human adipose-derived stem cells. J Appl Oral Sci 2019; 27:e20180317. [PMID: 30810639 PMCID: PMC6382324 DOI: 10.1590/1678-7757-2018-0317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bone morphogenetic protein type 2 (BMP-2) and retinoic acid (RA) are osteoinductive factors that stimulate endogenous mechanisms of bone repair which can be applied on management of osseous defects in oral and maxillofacial fields. OBJECTIVE Considering the different results of RA on osteogenesis and its possible use to substitute/potency BMP-2 effects, this study evaluated the outcomes of BMP-2, RA, and BMP-2+RA treatments on in vitro osteogenic differentiation of human adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) and the signaling pathway(s) involved. MATERIAL AND METHODS ASCs were treated every other day with basic osteogenic medium (OM) alone or supplemented with BMP-2, RA, or BMP-2+RA. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity was determined using the r-nitrophenol method. Extracellular matrix mineralization was evaluated using von Kossa staining and calcium quantification. Expression of osteonectin and osteocalcin mRNA were determined using qPCR. Smad1, Smad4, phosphorylated Smad1/5/8, BMP-4, and BMP-7 proteins expressions were analyzed using western blotting. Signaling pathway was evaluated using the IPA® software. RESULTS RA promoted the highest ALP activity at days 7, 14, 21, and 28, in comparison to BMP-2 and BMP-2+RA. BMP-2+RA best stimulated phosphorylated Smad1/5/8 protein expression at day 7 and Smad4 expression at days 7, 14, 21, and 28. Osteocalcin and osteonectin mRNA expressions were best stimulated by BMP-2+RA at day 7. Matrix mineralization was most improved by BMP-2+RA at days 12 and 32. Additionally, BMP-2+RA promoted the highest BMP signaling pathway activation at days 7 and 14, and demonstrated more activation of differentiation of bone-forming cells than OM alone. CONCLUSIONS In summary, RA increased the effect of BMP-2 on osteogenic differentiation of human ASCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariadne Cristiane Cabral Cruz
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Odontologia, Departamento de Odontologia, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina,Brasil
| | | | - Ricardo de Souza Magini
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Odontologia, Departamento de Odontologia, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina,Brasil
| | - Cláudia Maria Oliveira Simões
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmácia, Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina,Brasil
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Smith JN, Walker HM, Thompson H, Collinson JM, Vargesson N, Erskine L. Lens-regulated retinoic acid signalling controls expansion of the developing eye. Development 2018; 145:145/19/dev167171. [PMID: 30305274 DOI: 10.1242/dev.167171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Absence of the developing lens results in severe eye defects, including substantial reductions in eye size. How the lens controls eye expansion and the underlying signalling pathways are very poorly defined. We identified RDH10, a gene crucial for retinoic acid synthesis during embryogenesis, as a key factor downregulated in the peripheral retina (presumptive ciliary body region) of lens-removed embryonic chicken eyes prior to overt reductions in eye size. This is associated with a significant decrease in retinoic acid synthesis by lens-removed eyes. Restoring retinoic acid signalling in lens-removed eyes by implanting beads soaked in retinoic acid or retinal, but not vitamin A, rescued eye size. Conversely, blocking retinoic acid synthesis decreased eye size in lens-containing eyes. Production of collagen II and collagen IX, which are major vitreal proteins, is also regulated by the lens and retinoic acid signalling. These data mechanistically link the known roles of both the lens and retinoic acid in normal eye development, and support a model whereby retinoic acid production by the peripheral retina acts downstream of the lens to support vitreous production and eye expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan N Smith
- School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Heather M Walker
- School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Hannah Thompson
- Department of Craniofacial Development and Stem Cell Biology, Kings College, London WC2R 2LS, UK
| | - J Martin Collinson
- School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Neil Vargesson
- School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
| | - Lynda Erskine
- School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK
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