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Lee HD, Chun J, Kim S, Aleksandra N, Lee C, Yoon D, Lee HJ, Kim YB. Comparative Biodistribution Study of Baculoviral and Adenoviral Vector Vaccines against SARS-CoV-2. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 34:185-191. [PMID: 37830223 PMCID: PMC10840461 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2308.08042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Various types of vaccines have been developed against COVID-19, including vector vaccines. Among the COVID-19 vaccines, AstraZeneca's chimpanzee adenoviral vaccine was the first to be commercialized. For viral vector vaccines, biodistribution studies are critical to vaccine safety, gene delivery, and efficacy. This study compared the biodistribution of the baculoviral vector vaccine (AcHERV-COVID19) and the adenoviral vector vaccine (Ad-COVID19). Both vaccines were administered intramuscularly to mice, and the distribution of the SARS-CoV-2 S gene in each tissue was evaluated for up to 30 days. After vaccination, serum and various tissue samples were collected from the mice at each time point, and IgG levels and DNA copy numbers were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and a quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. AcHERV-COVID19 and Ad-COVID19 distribution showed that the SARS-CoV-2 spike gene remained predominantly at the injection site in the mouse muscle. In kidney, liver, and spleen tissues, the AcHERV-COVID19 group showed about 2-4 times higher persistence of the SARS-CoV-2 spike gene than the Ad-COVID19 group. The distribution patterns of AcHERV-COVID19 and Ad-COVID19 within various organs highlight their contrasting biodistribution profiles, with AcHERV-COVID19 exhibiting a broader and prolonged presence in the body compared to Ad-COVID19. Understanding the biodistribution profile of AcHERV-COVID19 and Ad-COVID19 could help select viral vectors for future vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeon Dong Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungmin Chun
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Sehyun Kim
- KR BioTech Co. Ltd., Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Nowakowska Aleksandra
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Chanyeong Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Doyoung Yoon
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-jung Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Bong Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
- KR BioTech Co. Ltd., Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
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Jha SK, Imran M, Jha LA, Hasan N, Panthi VK, Paudel KR, Almalki WH, Mohammed Y, Kesharwani P. A Comprehensive review on Pharmacokinetic Studies of Vaccines: Impact of delivery route, carrier-and its modulation on immune response. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 236:116823. [PMID: 37543130 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
The lack of knowledge about the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) of vaccines makes former biopharmaceutical optimization difficult. This was shown during the COVID-19 immunization campaign, where gradual booster doses were introduced.. Thus, understanding vaccine ADME and its effects on immunization effectiveness could result in a more logical vaccine design in terms of formulation, method of administration, and dosing regimens. Herein, we will cover the information available on vaccine pharmacokinetics, impacts of delivery routes and carriers on ADME, utilization and efficiency of nanoparticulate delivery vehicles, impact of dose level and dosing schedule on the therapeutic efficacy of vaccines, intracellular and endosomal trafficking and in vivo fate, perspective on DNA and mRNA vaccines, new generation sequencing and mathematical models to improve cancer vaccination and pharmacology, and the reported toxicological study of COVID-19 vaccines. Altogether, this review will enhance the reader's understanding of the pharmacokinetics of vaccines and methods that can be implied in delivery vehicle design to improve the absorption and distribution of immunizing agents and estimate the appropriate dose to achieve better immunogenic responses and prevent toxicities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurav Kumar Jha
- Department of Biomedicine, Health & Life Convergence Sciences, Mokpo National University, Muan-gun, Jeonnam, 58554, Republic of Korea; Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering (BSBE), Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, 208016, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Mohammad Imran
- Frazer Institute, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4102, Australia
| | - Laxmi Akhileshwar Jha
- H. K. College of Pharmacy, Mumbai University, Pratiksha Nagar, Jogeshwari, West Mumbai, 400102, India
| | - Nazeer Hasan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Vijay Kumar Panthi
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy and Natural Medicine Research Institute, Mokpo National University, Jeonnam, 58554, Republic of Korea
| | - Keshav Raj Paudel
- Centre for Inflammation, Faculty of Science, School of Life Science, Centenary Institute and University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, 2007, Australia
| | - Waleed H Almalki
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, 24381, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yousuf Mohammed
- Frazer Institute, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4102, Australia
| | - Prashant Kesharwani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India; Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India.
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Dong L, Feng M, Qiao Y, Liu C, Zhou Y, Xing S, Zhang K, Cai Z, Wu H, Wu J, Yu X, Zhang H, Kong W. Preclinical safety and Biodistribution in mice following single dose intramuscular inoculation of tumor DNA vaccine by electroporation. Hum Gene Ther 2022; 33:757-764. [DOI: 10.1089/hum.2022.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ling Dong
- Jilin University, 12510, National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Mengfan Feng
- Jilin University, 12510, National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Yaru Qiao
- Jilin University, 12510, National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Chenlu Liu
- Jilin University, 12510, Department of Biobank, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yi Zhou
- Jilin University, 12510, Changchun, China
| | - Shanshan Xing
- Jilin University, 12510, Changchun, Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, China
| | - Ke Zhang
- Jilin University, 12510, National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Zongyu Cai
- Jilin University, 12510, National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Hui Wu
- Jilin University, 12510, National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Jiaxin Wu
- Jilin University, 12510, National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Xianghui Yu
- Jilin University, 12510, National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Changchun, Jilin, China, 130012
- Jilin University, 12510, Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Changchun, Jilin, China, 130012
| | - Haihong Zhang
- Jilin University, 12510, National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Wei Kong
- Jilin University, 12510, National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, China
- Jilin University, 12510, Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering, the Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Changchun, China
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Tissue-specific Calibration of Real-time PCR Facilitates Absolute Quantification of Plasmid DNA in Biodistribution Studies. MOLECULAR THERAPY - NUCLEIC ACIDS 2016; 5:e371. [PMID: 27701400 PMCID: PMC5095683 DOI: 10.1038/mtna.2016.79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Analysis of the tissue distribution of plasmid DNA after administration of nonviral gene delivery systems is best accomplished using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), although published strategies do not allow determination of the absolute mass of plasmid delivered to different tissues. Generally, data is expressed as the mass of plasmid relative to the mass of genomic DNA (gDNA) in the sample. This strategy is adequate for comparisons of efficiency of delivery to a single site but it does not allow direct comparison of delivery to multiple tissues, as the mass of gDNA extracted per unit mass of each tissue is different. We show here that by constructing qPCR standard curves for each tissue it is possible to determine the dose of intact plasmid remaining in each tissue, which is a more useful parameter when comparing the fates of different formulations of DNA. We exemplify the use of this tissue-specific qPCR method by comparing the delivery of naked DNA, cationic DNA complexes, and neutral PEGylated DNA complexes after intramuscular injection. Generally, larger masses of intact plasmid were present 24 hours after injection of DNA complexes, and neutral complexes resulted in delivery of a larger mass of intact plasmid to the spleen.
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Enhanced Immune Response to DNA Vaccine Encoding Bacillus anthracis PA-D4 Protects Mice against Anthrax Spore Challenge. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0139671. [PMID: 26430894 PMCID: PMC4591996 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0139671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthrax has long been considered the most probable bioweapon-induced disease. The protective antigen (PA) of Bacillus anthracis plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of anthrax. In the current study, we evaluated the efficiency of a genetic vaccination with the fourth domain (D4) of PA, which is responsible for initial binding of the anthrax toxin to the cellular receptor. The eukaryotic expression vector was designed with the immunoglobulin M (IgM) signal sequence encoding for PA-D4, which contains codon-optimized genes. The expression and secretion of recombinant protein was confirmed in vitro in 293T cells transfected with plasmid and detected by western blotting, confocal microscopy, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The results revealed that PA-D4 protein can be efficiently expressed and secreted at high levels into the culture medium. When plasmid DNA was given intramuscularly to mice, a significant PA-D4-specific antibody response was induced. Importantly, high titers of antibodies were maintained for nearly 1 year. Furthermore, incorporation of the SV40 enhancer in the plasmid DNA resulted in approximately a 15-fold increase in serum antibody levels in comparison with the plasmid without enhancer. The antibodies produced were predominantly the immunoglobulin G2 (IgG2) type, indicating the predominance of the Th1 response. In addition, splenocytes collected from immunized mice produced PA-D4-specific interferon gamma (IFN-γ). The biodistribution study showed that plasmid DNA was detected in most organs and it rapidly cleared from the injection site. Finally, DNA vaccination with electroporation induced a significant increase in immunogenicity and successfully protected the mice against anthrax spore challenge. Our approach to enhancing the immune response contributes to the development of DNA vaccines against anthrax and other biothreats.
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Yan YH, Qi SC, Su LK, Xu QA, Fan MW. Co-delivery of ccl19 gene enhances anti-caries DNA vaccine pCIA-P immunogenicity in mice by increasing dendritic cell migration to secondary lymphoid tissues. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2013; 34:432-40. [PMID: 23334235 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2012.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate how co-delivery of the gene encoding C-C chemokine ligand-19 (CCL-19) affected the systemic immune responses to an anti-caries DNA vaccine pCIA-P in mice. METHODS Plasmid encoding CCL19-GFP fusion protein (pCCL19/GFP) was constructed by inserting murine ccl19 gene into GFP-expressing vector pAcGFP1-N1. Chemotactic effect of the fusion protein on murine dendritic cells (DCs) was assessed in vitro and in vivo using transwell and flow cytometric analysis, respectively. BALB/c mice were administered anti-caries DNA vaccine pCIA-P plus pCCL19/GFP (each 100 μg, im) or pCIA-P alone. Serum level of anti-PAc IgG was assessed with ELISA. Splenocytes from the mice were stimulated with PAc protein for 48 h, and IFN-γ and IL-4 production was measured with ELISA. The presence of pCCL19/GFP in spleen and draining lymph nodes was assessed using PCR. The expression of pCCL19/GFP protein in these tissues was analyzed under microscope and with flow cytometry. RESULTS The expression level of CCL19-GFP fusion protein was considerably increased 48 h after transfection of COS-7 cells with pCCL19/GFP plasmids. The fusion protein showed potent chemotactic activity on DCs in vitro. The level of serum PAc-specific IgG was significantly increased from 4 to 14 weeks in the mice vaccinated with pCIA-P plus pCCL19/GFP. Compared to mice vaccinated with pCIA-P alone, the splenocytes from mice vaccinated with pCIA-P plus pCCL19/GFP produced significantly higher level of IFN-γ, but IL-4 production had no significant change. Following intromuscular co-delivery, pCCL19/GFP plasmid and fusion protein were detected in the spleen and draining lymph nodes. Administration of CCL19 gene in mice markedly increased the number of mature DCs in secondary lymphoid tissues. CONCLUSION CCL19 serves as an effective adjuvant for anti-caries DNA vaccine by inducing chemotactic migration of DCs to secondary lymphoid tissues.
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Preclinical Pharmacokinetics and Biodistribution of Human Papillomavirus DNA Vaccine Delivered in Human Endogenous Retrovirus Envelope-Coated Baculovirus Vector. Pharm Res 2011; 29:585-93. [DOI: 10.1007/s11095-011-0598-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2011] [Accepted: 09/15/2011] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Faurez F, Dory D, Le Moigne V, Gravier R, Jestin A. Biosafety of DNA vaccines: New generation of DNA vectors and current knowledge on the fate of plasmids after injection. Vaccine 2010; 28:3888-95. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2010.03.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2009] [Revised: 03/09/2010] [Accepted: 03/21/2010] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Good Manufacturing Practices production and analysis of a DNA vaccine against dental caries. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2009; 30:1513-21. [PMID: 19890359 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2009.152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To prepare a clinical-grade anti-caries DNA vaccine pGJA-P/VAX and explore its immune effect and protective efficacy against a cariogenic bacterial challenge. METHODS A large-scale industrial production process was developed under Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) by combining and optimizing common unit operations such as alkaline lysis, precipitation, endotoxin removal and column chromatography. Quality controls of the purified bulk and final lyophilized vaccine were conducted according to authoritative guidelines. Mice and gnotobiotic rats were intranasally immunized with clinical-grade pGJA-P/VAX with chitosan. Antibody levels of serum IgG and salivary SIgA were assessed by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and caries activity was evaluated by the Keyes method. pGJA-P/VAX and pVAX1 prepared by a laboratory-scale commercial kit were used as controls. RESULTS The production process proved to be scalable and reproducible. Impurities including host protein, residual RNA, genomic DNA and endotoxin in the purified plasmid were all under the limits of set specifications. Intranasal vaccination with clinical-grade pGJA-P/VAX induced higher serum IgG and salivary SIgA in both mice and gnotobiotic rats. While in the experimental caries model, the enamel (E), dentinal slight (Ds), and dentinal moderate (Dm) caries lesions were reduced by 21.1%, 33.0%, and 40.9%, respectively. CONCLUSION The production process under GMP was efficient in preparing clinical-grade pGJA-P/VAX with high purity and intended effectiveness, thus facilitating future clinical trials for the anti-caries DNA vaccine.
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Immune responses generated by intramuscular DNA immunization of Brugia malayi transglutaminase (BmTGA) in mice. Parasitology 2009; 136:887-94. [DOI: 10.1017/s0031182009006143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
SUMMARYAn attempt was made to evaluate the immunoprophylactic efficacy of Brugia malayi transglutaminase (BmTGA) as a DNA vaccine, for human lymphatic filariasis. BmTGA was cloned and characterized in the DNA vaccine vector pVAX1. Further, the tissue distribution study of the DNA construct, pVAX-TGA was carried out in mice and the DNA vaccine was shown to be efficiently distributed to all the organs, was accessible to the immune system, and at the same time was metabolized quickly and did not pose problems of toxicity. Intramuscular immunization in mice showed significant antibody production and splenocyte proliferation upon antigenic stimulation. The immune responses were biased towards the Th1 arm, as evaluated in terms of isotype antibody distribution and cytokine profile. Thus, analysis of the humoral and cellular immune responses indicated that BmTGA is a potent immunogen. However, protection studies as determined by the micropore chamber method using live microfilarial larvae, showed that the DNA vaccine could confer only partial protection in the mouse model. We conclude that despite the induction of sufficient humoral and cellular immune responses, BmTGA as a DNA vaccine could not confer much protection against subsequent challenge and other aspects of the immune responses need to be further investigated.
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