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McLachlan G, Alton EWFW, Boyd AC, Clarke NK, Davies JC, Gill DR, Griesenbach U, Hickmott JW, Hyde SC, Miah KM, Molina CJ. Progress in Respiratory Gene Therapy. Hum Gene Ther 2022; 33:893-912. [PMID: 36074947 PMCID: PMC7615302 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2022.172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The prospect of gene therapy for inherited and acquired respiratory disease has energized the research community since the 1980s, with cystic fibrosis, as a monogenic disorder, driving early efforts to develop effective strategies. The fact that there are still no approved gene therapy products for the lung, despite many early phase clinical trials, illustrates the scale of the challenge: In the 1990s, first-generation non-viral and viral vector systems demonstrated proof-of-concept but low efficacy. Since then, there has been steady progress toward improved vectors with the capacity to overcome at least some of the formidable barriers presented by the lung. In addition, the inclusion of features such as codon optimization and promoters providing long-term expression have improved the expression characteristics of therapeutic transgenes. Early approaches were based on gene addition, where a new DNA copy of a gene is introduced to complement a genetic mutation: however, the advent of RNA-based products that can directly express a therapeutic protein or manipulate gene expression, together with the expanding range of tools for gene editing, has stimulated the development of alternative approaches. This review discusses the range of vector systems being evaluated for lung delivery; the variety of cargoes they deliver, including DNA, antisense oligonucleotides, messenger RNA (mRNA), small interfering RNA (siRNA), and peptide nucleic acids; and exemplifies progress in selected respiratory disease indications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerry McLachlan
- The Roslin Institute & R(D)SVS, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- UK Respiratory Gene Therapy Consortium, London, United Kingdom
| | - Eric W F W Alton
- UK Respiratory Gene Therapy Consortium, London, United Kingdom
- Gene Therapy Group, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - A Christopher Boyd
- UK Respiratory Gene Therapy Consortium, London, United Kingdom
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, IGMM, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Nora K Clarke
- UK Respiratory Gene Therapy Consortium, London, United Kingdom
- Gene Therapy Group, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jane C Davies
- UK Respiratory Gene Therapy Consortium, London, United Kingdom
- Gene Therapy Group, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Deborah R Gill
- UK Respiratory Gene Therapy Consortium, London, United Kingdom
- Gene Medicine Group, Radcliffe Department of Medicine (NDCLS), University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Uta Griesenbach
- UK Respiratory Gene Therapy Consortium, London, United Kingdom
- Gene Therapy Group, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jack W Hickmott
- UK Respiratory Gene Therapy Consortium, London, United Kingdom
- Gene Therapy Group, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen C Hyde
- UK Respiratory Gene Therapy Consortium, London, United Kingdom
- Gene Medicine Group, Radcliffe Department of Medicine (NDCLS), University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Kamran M Miah
- UK Respiratory Gene Therapy Consortium, London, United Kingdom
- Gene Medicine Group, Radcliffe Department of Medicine (NDCLS), University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Claudia Juarez Molina
- UK Respiratory Gene Therapy Consortium, London, United Kingdom
- Gene Therapy Group, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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Deng L, Liang P, Cui H. Pseudotyped lentiviral vectors: Ready for translation into targeted cancer gene therapy? Genes Dis 2022. [PMID: 37492721 PMCID: PMC10363566 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2022.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene therapy holds great promise for curing cancer by editing the deleterious genes of tumor cells, but the lack of vector systems for efficient delivery of genetic material into specific tumor sites in vivo has limited its full therapeutic potential in cancer gene therapy. Over the past two decades, increasing studies have shown that lentiviral vectors (LVs) modified with different glycoproteins from a donating virus, a process referred to as pseudotyping, have altered tropism and display cell-type specificity in transduction, leading to selective tumor cell killing. This feature of LVs together with their ability to enable high efficient gene delivery in dividing and non-dividing mammalian cells in vivo make them to be attractive tools in future cancer gene therapy. This review is intended to summarize the status quo of some typical pseudotypings of LVs and their applications in basic anti-cancer studies across many malignancies. The opportunities of translating pseudotyped LVs into clinic use in cancer therapy have also been discussed.
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Griukova A, Deryabin P, Sirotkina M, Shatrova A, Nikolsky N, Borodkina A. P38 MAPK inhibition prevents polybrene-induced senescence of human mesenchymal stem cells during viral transduction. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0209606. [PMID: 30586456 PMCID: PMC6306270 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0209606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The unique capacity of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to migrate to the sites of damage, following intravenous transplantation, along with their proliferation and differentiation abilities make them promising candidates for MSC-based gene therapy. This therapeutic approach requires high efficacy delivery of stable transgenes to ensure their adequate expression in MSCs. One of the methods to deliver transgenes is via the viral transduction of MSCs. However, due to low transduction efficiency of MSCs, various polications are used to promote the association of viral particles with membranes of target cells. Among these polications polybrene is the most widely used one. Unfortunately, viral infection in presence of polybrene was shown to negatively affect proliferation rate of stem cells. The molecular mechanism underlying this effect is not yet uncovered. Therefore, the present study aimed to elucidate the mechanism of this phenomenon as well as to develop an effective approach to overcome the negative impact of polybrene on the properties of human endometrium-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hMESCs) during lentiviral infection. We found that the negative effect on proliferation observed during the viral infection in presence of polybrene is mediated by the polycation itself. Furthermore, we revealed that the treatment with polybrene alone led to the p38 MAPK-dependent premature senescence of hMESCs. These findings allowed us to develop an effective strategy to attenuate the negative polybrene impact on the hMESCs properties during lentiviral infection by inhibiting the activity of p38 MAPK. Importantly, the proposed approach did not attenuate the transduction efficiency of hMESCs, yet prevented polybrene-induced senescence and thereby restored the proliferation of the infected cells. These results provide the plausible means to reduce side effects of polybrene during the viral infection of primary cells, particularly MSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasiia Griukova
- Laboratory of Intracellular Signaling, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint- Petersburg, Russia
| | - Pavel Deryabin
- Laboratory of Intracellular Signaling, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint- Petersburg, Russia
| | - Maria Sirotkina
- Laboratory of Intracellular Signaling, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint- Petersburg, Russia
| | - Alla Shatrova
- Laboratory of Intracellular Signaling, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint- Petersburg, Russia
| | - Nikolay Nikolsky
- Laboratory of Intracellular Signaling, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint- Petersburg, Russia
| | - Aleksandra Borodkina
- Laboratory of Intracellular Signaling, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint- Petersburg, Russia
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Badr G, Ramadan NK, Sayed LH, Badr BM, Omar HM, Selamoglu Z. Why whey? Camel whey protein as a new dietary approach to the management of free radicals and for the treatment of different health disorders. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF BASIC MEDICAL SCIENCES 2017; 20:338-349. [PMID: 28804604 PMCID: PMC5425915 DOI: 10.22038/ijbms.2017.8573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The balance between free radicals and antioxidants is an important factor for maintaining health and slowing disease progression. The use of antioxidants, particularly natural antioxidants, has become an important strategy for dealing with this cause of widespread diseases. Natural antioxidants have been used as therapeutic tools against many diseases because they are safe, effective, and inexpensive and are among the most commonly used adjuvants in the treatment of several diseases. Camel whey protein (CWP) is considered a strong natural antioxidant because it decreases oxidative stress, enhances immune system function, and increases glutathione levels. The structure of CWP is very similar to that of other types of whey protein from different types of milk. CWP contains many components, such as lactoferrin (LF), lactalbumin, lactoglobulins, lactoperoxidase, and lysozyme, and is rich in immunoglobulins. However, in contrast to other WPs, CWP lacks β-lactoglobulin, the main cause of milk allergies in children. The components of CWP have many beneficial effects, including stimulation of both innate and adaptive immunity and anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antibacterial, and antiviral activities. Recently, it has been shown that CWP and its unique components can facilitate the treatment of impaired diabetic wound healing. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the protective effects of CWP in human and other animal disorders are not fully understood. Therefore, the current review presents a concise summary of the scientific evidence of the beneficial effects of CWP to support its therapeutic use in disease treatment and nutritional intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gamal Badr
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, 71516 Assiut, Egypt
- Laboratory of Immunology & Molecular Physiology, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, 71516 Assiut, Egypt
| | - Nancy K Ramadan
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, 71516 Assiut, Egypt
- Animal Health Research Institute, Assiut Branch. Assiut, Egypt
| | - Leila H Sayed
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, 71516 Assiut, Egypt
- Laboratory of Immunology & Molecular Physiology, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, 71516 Assiut, Egypt
| | - Badr M Badr
- Department of Radiation Biology, National Centre for Radiation Research and Technology (NCRRT), Atomic Energy Authority, Egypt
| | - Hossam M Omar
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, 71516 Assiut, Egypt
| | - Zeliha Selamoglu
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Nigde University, Nigde, Turkey
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Castellani S, Orlando C, Carbone A, Di Gioia S, Conese M. Magnetofection Enhances Lentiviral-Mediated Transduction of Airway Epithelial Cells through Extracellular and Cellular Barriers. Genes (Basel) 2016; 7:genes7110103. [PMID: 27886077 PMCID: PMC5126789 DOI: 10.3390/genes7110103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Revised: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Gene transfer to airway epithelial cells is hampered by extracellular (mainly mucus) and cellular (tight junctions) barriers. Magnetofection has been used to increase retention time of lentiviral vectors (LV) on the cellular surface. In this study, magnetofection was investigated in airway epithelial cell models mimicking extracellular and cellular barriers. Bronchiolar epithelial cells (H441 line) were evaluated for LV-mediated transduction after polarization onto filters and dexamethasone (dex) treatment, which induced hemicyst formation, with or without magnetofection. Sputum from cystic fibrosis (CF) patients was overlaid onto cells, and LV-mediated transduction was evaluated in the absence or presence of magnetofection. Magnetofection of unpolarized H441 cells increased the transduction with 50 MOI (multiplicity of infection, i.e., transducing units/cell) up to the transduction obtained with 500 MOI in the absence of magnetofection. Magnetofection well-enhanced LV-mediated transduction in mucus-layered cells by 20.3-fold. LV-mediated transduction efficiency decreased in dex-induced hemicysts in a time-dependent fashion. In dome-forming cells, zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) localization at the cell borders was increased by dex treatment. Under these experimental conditions, magnetofection significantly increased LV transduction by 5.3-fold. In conclusion, these results show that magnetofection can enhance LV-mediated gene transfer into airway epithelial cells in the presence of extracellular (sputum) and cellular (tight junctions) barriers, representing CF-like conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Castellani
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, V. L. Pinto 1, 71122 Foggia, Italy.
| | - Clara Orlando
- Brainlab AG, Kapellenstrasse 12, 85622 Feldkirchen, Germany.
| | - Annalucia Carbone
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, V. L. Pinto 1, 71122 Foggia, Italy.
| | - Sante Di Gioia
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, V. L. Pinto 1, 71122 Foggia, Italy.
| | - Massimo Conese
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, V. L. Pinto 1, 71122 Foggia, Italy.
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Nishida K, Smith Z, Rana D, Palmer J, Gallicano GI. Cystic fibrosis: A look into the future of prenatal screening and therapy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 105:73-80. [DOI: 10.1002/bdrc.21091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 02/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Nishida
- Georgetown University School of Medicine, Georgetown University Special Master's Program in Physiology; NW, Med/Dent NE Washington DC
| | - Zachary Smith
- Georgetown University School of Medicine, Georgetown University Special Master's Program in Physiology; NW, Med/Dent NE Washington DC
| | - Dane Rana
- Georgetown University School of Medicine, Georgetown University Special Master's Program in Physiology; NW, Med/Dent NE Washington DC
| | - Jereme Palmer
- Georgetown University School of Medicine, Georgetown University Special Master's Program in Physiology; NW, Med/Dent NE Washington DC
| | - G. Ian Gallicano
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Georgetown University School of Medicine; NW, Med/Dent NE Washington DC
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Derrick-Roberts AL, Pyragius CE, Kaidonis XM, Jackson MR, Anson DS, Byers S. Lentiviral-Mediated Gene Therapy Results in Sustained Expression of β-Glucuronidase for up to 12 Months in the Gusmps/mps and up to 18 Months in the Gustm(L175F)Sly Mouse Models of Mucopolysaccharidosis Type VII. Hum Gene Ther 2014; 25:798-810. [DOI: 10.1089/hum.2013.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ainslie L.K. Derrick-Roberts
- Genetics and Molecular Pathology, South Australia Pathology (Children, Youth and Women's Health Service Site), Adelaide, South Australia 5006, Australia
- Discipline of Paediatrics, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
| | - Carmen E. Pyragius
- Genetics and Molecular Pathology, South Australia Pathology (Children, Youth and Women's Health Service Site), Adelaide, South Australia 5006, Australia
| | - Xenia M. Kaidonis
- Genetics and Molecular Pathology, South Australia Pathology (Children, Youth and Women's Health Service Site), Adelaide, South Australia 5006, Australia
- Department of Genetics, School of Molecular and Biomedical Science, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
| | - Matilda R. Jackson
- Genetics and Molecular Pathology, South Australia Pathology (Children, Youth and Women's Health Service Site), Adelaide, South Australia 5006, Australia
- Department of Genetics, School of Molecular and Biomedical Science, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
| | - Donald S. Anson
- Genetics and Molecular Pathology, South Australia Pathology (Children, Youth and Women's Health Service Site), Adelaide, South Australia 5006, Australia
- Discipline of Paediatrics, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
| | - Sharon Byers
- Genetics and Molecular Pathology, South Australia Pathology (Children, Youth and Women's Health Service Site), Adelaide, South Australia 5006, Australia
- Discipline of Paediatrics, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
- Department of Genetics, School of Molecular and Biomedical Science, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia
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Redwan EM, EL-Fakharany EM, Uversky VN, Linjawi MH. Screening the anti infectivity potentials of native N- and C-lobes derived from the camel lactoferrin against hepatitis C virus. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2014; 14:219. [PMID: 24993815 PMCID: PMC4086701 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-14-219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection represents a worldwide health threat that still needs efficient protective vaccine and/or effective drug. The traditional medicine, such as camel milk, is heavily used by the large sector of HCV patients to control the infection due to the high cost of the available standard therapy. Camel milk contains lactoferrin, which plays an important and multifunctional role in innate immunity and specific host defense against microbial infection. Continuing the analysis of the effectiveness of camel lactoferrin against HCV, the current study aimed to separate and purify the native N- and C-lobes from the proteolytically cleaved camel lactoferrin (cLF) and to compare their in vitro activities against the HCV infection in Huh7.5 cells in order to determine the most active domain. METHODS Lactoferrin and its digested N- and C-lobes were purified by Mono S 5/50 GL column and Superdex 200 5/150 column. The purified proteins were assessed through three venues: 1. To inhibit intracellular replication, HCV infected cells were treated with the proteins at different concentrations and time intervals; 2. The proteins were directly incubated with the viral particles (neutralization) and then such neutralized viruses were used to infect cells; 3. The cells were protected with proteins before exposure to the virus. The antiviral potentials of the cLf and its lobes were determined using three techniques: 1. RT-nested PCR, 2. Real-time PCR, and 3. Flow cytometry. RESULTS N- and C-lobes were purified in two consecutive steps; using Mono-S and Superdex 200 columns. The molecular mass of N- and C-lobes was about 40 kDa. cLF and its lobes could prevent HCV entry into Huh 7.5 cells with activity reached 100% through direct interaction with the virus. The inhibition of intracellular viral replication by N-lobe is 2-fold and 3-fold more effective than that of the cLF and C-lobe, respectively. CONCLUSION Generated native N- and C-lobes from camel lactoferrin demonstrated a range of noticeably different potentials against HCV cellular infectivity. The anti-HCV activities were sorted as N-lobe > cLf > C-lobe.
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Thomas AM, Shea LD. Polysaccharide-modified scaffolds for controlled lentivirus delivery in vitro and after spinal cord injury. J Control Release 2013; 170:421-9. [PMID: 23791981 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2013.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2013] [Accepted: 06/03/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Gene delivering biomaterials have increasingly been employed to modulate the cellular microenvironment to promote tissue regeneration, yet low transduction efficiency has been a persistent challenge for in vivo applications. In this report, we investigated the surface modification of poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLG) scaffolds with polysaccharides, which have been implicated in binding lentivirus but have not been used for delivery. Chitosan was directly conjugated onto PLG scaffolds, whereas heparin and hyaluronan were indirectly conjugated onto PLG scaffolds with multi-amine crosslinkers. The addition of chitosan and heparin onto PLG promoted the association of lentivirus to these scaffolds and enhanced their transduction efficiency in vitro relative to hyaluronan-conjugated and control scaffolds that had limited lentivirus association and transduction. Transduction efficiency in vitro was increased partly due to an enhanced retention of virus on the scaffold as well as an extended half-life of viral activity. Transduction efficiency was also evaluated in vivo using porous, multiple channel PLG bridges that delivered lentivirus to the injured mouse spinal cord. Transgene expression persisted for weeks after implantation, and was able to enhance axon growth and myelination. These studies support gene-delivering PLG scaffolds for in vivo regenerative medicine applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline M Thomas
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, McCormick School of Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
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Dufait I, Liechtenstein T, Lanna A, Bricogne C, Laranga R, Padella A, Breckpot K, Escors D. Retroviral and lentiviral vectors for the induction of immunological tolerance. SCIENTIFICA 2012; 2012:694137. [PMID: 23526794 PMCID: PMC3605697 DOI: 10.6064/2012/694137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Retroviral and lentiviral vectors have proven to be particularly efficient systems to deliver genes of interest into target cells, either in vivo or in cell cultures. They have been used for some time for gene therapy and the development of gene vaccines. Recently retroviral and lentiviral vectors have been used to generate tolerogenic dendritic cells, key professional antigen presenting cells that regulate immune responses. Thus, three main approaches have been undertaken to induce immunological tolerance; delivery of potent immunosuppressive cytokines and other molecules, modification of intracellular signalling pathways in dendritic cells, and de-targeting transgene expression from dendritic cells using microRNA technology. In this review we briefly describe retroviral and lentiviral vector biology, and their application to induce immunological tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inès Dufait
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Rayne Institute, University College London, 5 University Street, London, WC1E 6JF, UK
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, Medical School, Free University of Brussels, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Jette, Belgium
| | - Therese Liechtenstein
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Rayne Institute, University College London, 5 University Street, London, WC1E 6JF, UK
| | - Alessio Lanna
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Rayne Institute, University College London, 5 University Street, London, WC1E 6JF, UK
| | - Christopher Bricogne
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Rayne Institute, University College London, 5 University Street, London, WC1E 6JF, UK
| | - Roberta Laranga
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Rayne Institute, University College London, 5 University Street, London, WC1E 6JF, UK
| | - Antonella Padella
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Rayne Institute, University College London, 5 University Street, London, WC1E 6JF, UK
| | - Karine Breckpot
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, Medical School, Free University of Brussels, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Jette, Belgium
| | - David Escors
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Rayne Institute, University College London, 5 University Street, London, WC1E 6JF, UK
- *David Escors:
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Human metapneumovirus (HMPV) binding and infection are mediated by interactions between the HMPV fusion protein and heparan sulfate. J Virol 2012; 86:3230-43. [PMID: 22238303 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.06706-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Human metapneumovirus (HMPV) is a major worldwide respiratory pathogen that causes acute upper and lower respiratory tract disease. The mechanism by which this virus recognizes and gains access to its target cell is still largely unknown. In this study, we addressed the initial steps in virus binding and infection and found that the first binding partner for HMPV is heparan sulfate (HS). While wild-type CHO-K1 cells are permissive to HMPV infection, mutant cell lines lacking the ability to synthesize glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), specifically, heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs), were resistant to binding and infection by HMPV. The permissiveness to HMPV infection was also abolished when CHO-K1 cells were treated with heparinases. Importantly, using recombinant HMPV lacking both the G and small hydrophobic (SH) proteins, we report that this first virus-cell binding interaction is driven primarily by the fusion protein (HMPV F) and that this interaction is needed to establish a productive infection. Finally, HMPV binding to cells did not require β1 integrin expression, and RGD-mediated interactions were not essential in promoting HMPV F-mediated cell-to-cell membrane fusion. Cells lacking β1 integrin, however, were less permissive to HMPV infection, indicating that while β1 integrins play an important role in promoting HMPV infection, the interaction between integrins and HMPV occurs after the initial binding of HMPV F to heparan sulfate proteoglycans.
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Escors D, Kochan G, Stephenson H, Breckpot K. Cell and Tissue Gene Targeting with Lentiviral Vectors. SPRINGERBRIEFS IN BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2012. [PMCID: PMC7122860 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-0348-0402-8_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
One of the main advantages of using lentivectors is their capacity to transduce a wide range of cell types, independently from the cell cycle stage. However, transgene expression in certain cell types is sometimes not desirable, either because of toxicity, cell transformation, or induction of transgene-specific immune responses. In other cases, specific targeting of only cancerous cells within a tumor is sought after for the delivery of suicide genes. Consequently, great effort has been invested in developing strategies to control transgene delivery/expression in a cell/tissue-specific manner. These strategies can broadly be divided in three; particle pseudotyping (surface targeting), which entails modification of the envelope glycoprotein (ENV); transcriptional targeting, which utilizes cell-specific promoters and/or inducible promoters; and posttranscriptional targeting, recently applied in lentivectors by introducing sequence targets for cell-specific microRNAs. In this chapter we describe each of these strategies providing some illustrative examples.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Escors
- University College London, Rayne Building, 5 University Street, London, WC1E 6JF UK
| | - Grazyna Kochan
- Oxford Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building. Roosevelt Drive, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7DQ UK
| | - Holly Stephenson
- Institute of Child Health, University College London, Great Ormond Street, London, WC1N 3JH UK
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Lang J, Yang N, Deng J, Liu K, Yang P, Zhang G, Jiang C. Inhibition of SARS pseudovirus cell entry by lactoferrin binding to heparan sulfate proteoglycans. PLoS One 2011; 6:e23710. [PMID: 21887302 PMCID: PMC3161750 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0023710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 309] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2011] [Accepted: 07/22/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been reported that lactoferrin (LF) participates in the host immune response against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV) invasion by enhancing NK cell activity and stimulating neutrophil aggregation and adhesion. We further investigated the role of LF in the entry of SARS pseudovirus into HEK293E/ACE2-Myc cells. Our results reveal that LF inhibits SARS pseudovirus infection in a dose-dependent manner. Further analysis suggested that LF was able to block the binding of spike protein to host cells at 4°C, indicating that LF exerted its inhibitory function at the viral attachment stage. However, LF did not disrupt the interaction of spike protein with angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), the functional receptor of SARS-CoV. Previous studies have shown that LF colocalizes with the widely distributed cell-surface heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs). Our experiments have also confirmed this conclusion. Treatment of the cells with heparinase or exogenous heparin prevented binding of spike protein to host cells and inhibited SARS pseudovirus infection, demonstrating that HSPGs provide the binding sites for SARS-CoV invasion at the early attachment phase. Taken together, our results suggest that, in addition to ACE2, HSPGs are essential cell-surface molecules involved in SARS-CoV cell entry. LF may play a protective role in host defense against SARS-CoV infection through binding to HSPGs and blocking the preliminary interaction between SARS-CoV and host cells. Our findings may provide further understanding of SARS-CoV pathogenesis and aid in treatment of this deadly disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianshe Lang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiejie Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Kangtai Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Guigen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengyu Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Tsinghua University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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14
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O'Neill LS, Skinner AM, Woodward JA, Kurre P. Entry kinetics and cell-cell transmission of surface-bound retroviral vector particles. J Gene Med 2011; 12:463-76. [PMID: 20440757 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.1458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transduction with recombinant HIV-1 derived lentivirus vectors is a multi-step process initiated by surface attachment and subsequent receptor-directed uptake into the target cell. We previously reported the retention of vesicular stomatitis virus G protein pseudotyped particles on murine progenitor cells and their delayed cell-cell transfer. METHODS To examine the underlying mechanism in more detail, we used a combination of approaches focused on investigating the role of receptor-independent factors in modulating attachment. RESULTS The investigation of synchronized transduction reveals cell-type specific rates of vector particle clearance with substantial delays during particle entry into murine hematopoietic progenitor cells. The observed uptake kinetics from the surface of the 1 degrees cell correlate inversely with the magnitude of transfer to 2 degrees targets, corresponding with our initial observation of preferential cell-cell transfer in the context of brief vector exposures. We further demonstrate that vector particle entry into cells is associated with the cell-type specific abundance of extracellular matrix fibronectin. Residual particle-extracellular fibronectin matrix binding and 2 degrees transfer can be competitively disrupted by heparin exposure without affecting murine progenitor homing and repopulation. CONCLUSIONS Although cellular attachment factors, including fibronectin, aid gene transfer by colocalizing particles to cells and disfavoring early dissociation from targets, they also appear to stabilize particles on the cell surface. The present study highlights the inadvertent consequences for cell entry and cell-cell transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee S O'Neill
- Department of Pediatrics, Papé Family Pediatric Research Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR 97239, USA
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15
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Orlando C, Castellani S, Mykhaylyk O, Copreni E, Zelphati O, Plank C, Conese M. Magnetically guided lentiviral-mediated transduction of airway epithelial cells. J Gene Med 2010; 12:747-54. [PMID: 20821745 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.1494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lentiviral (LV) vectors are able to only slowly and inefficiently transduce nondividing cells such as those of the airway epithelium. To address this issue, we have exploited the magnetofection technique in in vitro models of airway epithelium. METHODS Magnetofectins were formed by noncovalent interaction between LV particles and polycation-coated iron oxide nanoparticles. Efficiency of LV-mediated transduction (as evaluated through green fluorescent protein (GFP) expression by cytofluorimetric analysis) was measured in bronchial epithelial cells in the presence or absence of a magnetic field. Cytotoxicity was evaluated by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release; cell monolayer integrity by measurement of transepithelial resistance (TER) and evaluation of correct zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) localization at tight junctions (TJs) by immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy. RESULTS In nonpolarized cells, magnetofectins enhanced LV-mediated transduction at multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 50 up to 3.9-fold upon a 24-h incubation, to levels that approached those achieved at MOI of 200 for LV alone, in the presence or absence of the magnetic field. Magnetofection significantly increased the percentage of transduced cells up to 186-fold already after 15 min of incubation. In polarized cells, magnetofection increased GFP+ cells up to 24-fold compared to LV alone. Magnetofection did not enhance LDH release and slightly altered TER but not ZO-1 localization at the TJs. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that magnetofection can facilitate in vitro LV-mediated transduction of airway epithelial cells, in the absence of overt cytotoxicity and maintaining epithelial integrity, by lowering the necessary vector dose and reducing the incubation time required to achieve efficient transduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Orlando
- Institute for Experimental Treatment of Cystic Fibrosis, HS Raffaele, Milan, Italy
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16
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A VSV-G Pseudotyped Last Generation Lentiviral Vector Mediates High Level and Persistent Gene Transfer in Models of Airway Epithelium In Vitro and In Vivo. Viruses 2010; 2:1577-1588. [PMID: 21994695 PMCID: PMC3185983 DOI: 10.3390/v2081577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2010] [Revised: 07/29/2010] [Accepted: 07/29/2010] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this work was to evaluate the efficiency and duration of gene expression mediated by a VSV-G pseudotyped last generation lentiviral (LV) vector. We studied LV efficiency in ex-vivo models of respiratory epithelial cells, obtained from bronchial biopsies and nasal polyps, by GFP epifluorescence and cytofluorimetry. In vivo efficiency and persistence of gene expression was investigated by GFP immunohistochemistry and luciferase activity in lung cryosections and homogenates, respectively, upon intranasal and intratracheal administration protocols in C57Bl/6 mice. Both primary bronchial and nasal epithelial cells were transduced up to 70–80% 72 hr after the LV infection. In vivo nasal luciferase expression was increased by lysophosphatidylcholine pre-treatment of the nose. Conversely, the bronchial epithelium was transduced in the absence of any pre-conditioning treatment and luciferase expression lasted for at least 6 months without any decline. We conclude that a last generation LV vector is a promising gene transfer agent in the target organ of genetic and acquired lung diseases, as in the case of cystic fibrosis.
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17
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Impact of lentiviral vector-mediated transduction on the tightness of a polarized model of airway epithelium and effect of cationic polymer polyethylenimine. J Biomed Biotechnol 2010; 2010:103976. [PMID: 20617131 PMCID: PMC2896616 DOI: 10.1155/2010/103976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2009] [Revised: 03/31/2010] [Accepted: 05/09/2010] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Lentiviral (LV) vectors are promising agents for efficient and long-lasting gene transfer into the lung and for gene therapy of genetically determined pulmonary diseases, such as cystic fibrosis, however, they have not been evaluated for cytotoxicity and impact on the tightness of the airway epithelium. In this study, we evaluated the transduction efficiency of a last-generation LV vector bearing Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) gene as well as cytotoxicity and tight junction (TJ) integrity in a polarized model of airway epithelial cells. High multiplicities of infection (MOI) showed to be cytotoxic, as assessed by increase in propidium iodide staining and decrease in cell viability, and harmful for the epithelial tightness, as demonstrated by the decrease of transepithelial resistance (TER) and delocalization of occludin from the TJs. To increase LV efficiency at low LV:cell ratio, we employed noncovalent association with the polycation branched 25 kDa polyethylenimine (PEI). Transduction of cells with PEI/LV particles resulted in 2.5–3.6-fold increase of percentage of GFP-positive cells only at the highest PEI:LV ratios (1×107 PEI molecules/transducing units with 50 MOI LV) as compared to plain LV. At this dose PEI/LV transduction resulted in 6.5 ± 2.4% of propidium iodide-positive cells. On the other hand, PEI/LV particles did not determine any alteration of TER and occludin localization. We conclude that PEI may be useful for improving the efficiency of gene transfer mediated by LV vectors in airway epithelial cells, in the absence of high acute cytotoxicity and alteration in epithelial tightness.
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18
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Rejman J, De Fino I, Paroni M, Bragonzi A, Demeester J, De Smedt S, Conese M. Impact of chronic pulmonary infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa on transfection mediated by viral and nonviral vectors. Hum Gene Ther 2010; 21:351-6. [PMID: 19788388 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2009.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudomonas aeruginosa plays a crucial role in the lung pathology of cystic fibrosis (CF). We showed that acute infection with P. aeruginosa has a substantial impact on gene transfer into lung epithelial cells mediated by polyplexes. As an extension of those studies we report here on the effect of chronic pulmonary infection with P. aeruginosa on transfection of lung epithelial cells by viral and nonviral vectors. As an in vivo model of the persistent chronic infection in patients with CF we used C57BL/6 mice intratracheally infected with P. aeruginosa encapsulated in agar beads. Two weeks after infection the presence of viable bacteria in the lungs was confirmed, mostly in the bronchial lumen. In lung tissue sections stained with hematoxylin and eosin, extensive inflammatory infiltrations were found. At that time point the mice received an intratracheal dose of luciferase gene complexed with either Lipofectamine (Lf), a GL67 lipid mixture (GL67), or polyethylenimine (PEI) or with lentivirus (LV) as a carrier system. Luciferase activity was determined by a luminescence assay in supernatants of lung homogenates. The transfection level induced by PEI/DNA polyplexes complexed with serum albumin was decreased in infected mice. Lf-mediated transfection was almost completely blocked in infected mice. Transfection levels in mice treated with LV or plain PEI/DNA polyplexes were unchanged in infected animals as compared with control mice. The only carrier that displayed a clearly increased transfection level in infected mice was the GL67 lipid mixture, which is tentatively ascribed to the presence of polyethylene glycol in this carrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Rejman
- Institute for Experimental Treatment of Cystic Fibrosis, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy.
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19
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Castellani S, Conese M. Lentiviral vectors and cystic fibrosis gene therapy. Viruses 2010; 2:395-412. [PMID: 21994643 PMCID: PMC3185599 DOI: 10.3390/v2020395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2009] [Revised: 01/26/2010] [Accepted: 01/27/2010] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a chronic autosomic recessive syndrome, caused by mutations in the CF Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (CFTR) gene, a chloride channel expressed on the apical side of the airway epithelial cells. The lack of CFTR activity brings a dysregulated exchange of ions and water through the airway epithelium, one of the main aspects of CF lung disease pathophysiology. Lentiviral (LV) vectors, of the Retroviridae family, show interesting properties for CF gene therapy, since they integrate into the host genome and allow long-lasting gene expression. Proof-of-principle that LV vectors can transduce the airway epithelium and correct the basic electrophysiological defect in CF mice has been given. Initial data also demonstrate that LV vectors can be repeatedly administered to the lung and do not give rise to a gross inflammatory process, although they can elicit a T cell-mediated response to the transgene. Future studies will clarify the efficacy and safety profile of LV vectors in new complex animal models with CF, such as ferrets and pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Castellani
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy; E-Mail: (S.C.)
| | - Massimo Conese
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy; E-Mail: (S.C.)
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Copreni E, Nicolis E, Tamanini A, Bezzerri V, Castellani S, Palmieri L, Giri MG, Vella A, Colombatti M, Rizzotti P, Conese M, Cabrini G. Late generation lentiviral vectors: Evaluation of inflammatory potential in human airway epithelial cells. Virus Res 2009; 144:8-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2009.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2008] [Revised: 03/10/2009] [Accepted: 03/22/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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