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Lu K, Fan Q, Zou X. Antisense oligonucleotide is a promising intervention for liver diseases. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1061842. [PMID: 36569303 PMCID: PMC9780395 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1061842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
As the body's critical metabolic organ, the liver plays an essential role in maintaining proper body homeostasis. However, as people's living standards have improved and the number of unhealthy lifestyles has increased, the liver has become overburdened. These have made liver disease one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Under the influence of adverse factors, liver disease progresses from simple steatosis to hepatitis, to liver fibrosis, and finally to cirrhosis and cancer, followed by increased mortality. Until now, there has been a lack of accepted effective treatments for liver disease. Based on current research, antisense oligonucleotide (ASO), as an alternative intervention for liver diseases, is expected to be an effective treatment due to its high efficiency, low toxicity, low dosage, strong specificity, and additional positive characteristics. In this review, we will first introduce the design, modification, delivery, and the mechanisms of ASO, and then summarize the application of ASO in liver disease treatment, including in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), hepatitis, liver fibrosis, and liver cancer. Finally, we discuss challenges and perspectives on the transfer of ASO drugs into clinical use. This review provides a current and comprehensive understanding of the integrative and systematic functions of ASO for its use in liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kailing Lu
- College of Chinese Materia Medica and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicinal Utilization, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Qijing Fan
- Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Xiaoju Zou
- College of Chinese Materia Medica and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Southern Medicinal Utilization, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, Yunnan, China,*Correspondence: Xiaoju Zou,
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Mochizuki S, Miyamoto N, Sakurai K. Oligonucleotide delivery to antigen presenting cells by using schizophyllan. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2021; 42:100434. [PMID: 34896749 DOI: 10.1016/j.dmpk.2021.100434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Schizophyllan (SPG), a member of the β-glucan family, can form novel complexes with homo-polynucleotides such as poly(dA) through hydrogen bonding between two main chain glucoses and the one nucleotide base. Dectin-1, one of the major receptors for β-glucans, is known to be expressed on antigen presenting cells (APCs) such as macrophages and dendritic cells. This suggests that the above-mentioned complexes could deliver bound functional oligonucleotides (ODNs) including antisense (AS)-ODNs, small interfering RNA, and CpG-ODNs to the APCs. Analysis using a quartz crystal microbalance revealed that a complex consisting of SPG and dA60 with a phosphorothioate backbone was recognized by recombinant Dectin-1 protein. Treatment with this complex containing an AS-ODN for tumor necrosis factor alpha protected mice against lipopolysaccharide-induced hepatitis at a very low AS-ODN dose. Moreover, immunization with CpG-ODN/SPG complex and antigenic proteins induced potent antigen specific immune responses. The present review also represents peptide delivery by conjugation with dA60 and the preparation of a nanogel using DNA-DNA hybridization. These findings indicate that the delivery of a specific ODN using β-glucans could be used for treating various diseases caused by APCs and for activating antigen specific immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinichi Mochizuki
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Kitakyushu, 1-1, Hibikino, Wakamatsu-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, 808-0135, Japan.
| | - Noriko Miyamoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Aichi Institute of Technology, 1247, Yachigusa, Yakusacho, Toyota, Aichi, 470-0392, Japan
| | - Kazuo Sakurai
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Kitakyushu, 1-1, Hibikino, Wakamatsu-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, 808-0135, Japan
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3
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Binding assay of human Dectin-1 variants to DNA/β-glucan complex for active-targeting delivery of antisense DNA. Carbohydr Res 2020; 500:108219. [PMID: 33339585 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2020.108219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The lectin Dectin-1 is a good target for β-glucan-mediated drug delivery. Although many murine studies of Dectin-1 have been performed, its human analog has not been studied well in terms of being a drug delivery target. We thus analyzed human Dectin-1 cDNA obtained from chronic myelogenous leukemia-derived cells, CML-1, and confirmed the findings of previous studies that there are many isoforms of human Dectin-1 due to exon skipping, although murine Dectin-1 has only two forms. When we transfected the Dectin-1 gene into a non-Dectin-1-expressing cell line and examined cellular uptake of the antisense DNA/β-glucan complex, we confirmed that expression of the target gene was effectively suppressed through β-glucan/Dectin-1-mediated uptake. The present results suggest that the β-glucan complex would be an effective tool to deliver antisense oligonucleotide (AS-ODN) to Dectin-1-expressing cells not only for mice but also for humans.
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Xu Q, Fan Y, Loor JJ, Liang Y, Sun X, Jia H, Zhao C, Xu C. Cardamonin Reduces Acetaminophen-Induced Acute Liver Injury in Mice via Activating Autophagy and NFE2L2 Signaling. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:601716. [PMID: 33364966 PMCID: PMC7751642 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.601716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardamonin (CD), a naturally occurring chalcone derived from the Alpinia species, has been shown to exert antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity, but its role in the prevention of acetaminophen- (APAP-) induced hepatotoxicity remains elusive. The objective of this study was to determine the protective effects of CD against APAP-induced acute liver injury (ALI) and the underlying mechanisms. Wild-type or transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2- (NFE2L2-) deficient mice were treated with CD (50 or 100 mg/kg, i.p.) or vehicle for 24 h. Subsequently, these mice were challenged with APAP (400 mg/kg, i.p.) for 6 h. Liver and blood samples were collected to evaluate liver injury and protein abundance. Treatment with CD significantly reduced APAP-induced hepatotoxicity. Furthermore, CD effectively reduced APAP-induced inflammation by inhibiting high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), and NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) signaling. In addition, CD induced activation of sequestosome 1 (p62) and NFE2L2 signaling and facilitated autophagy. By applying autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3-MA; 20 mg/kg, i.p.), further mechanistic exploration revealed that NFE2L2 deficiency promoted autophagic activity induced by CD treatment, which was conducive to the hepatoprotective effect of CD against APAP-induced hepatoxicity in NFE2L2−/− mice. Overall, data suggest that CD has hepatoprotective effect against APAP-induced ALI, which might contribute to the activation of NFE2L2 and autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiushi Xu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Yunhui Fan
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Juan J Loor
- Mammalian NutriPhysioGenomics, Department of Animal Sciences and Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Yusheng Liang
- Mammalian NutriPhysioGenomics, Department of Animal Sciences and Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Xudong Sun
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Hongdou Jia
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Chenxu Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
| | - Chuang Xu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, China
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Huang Y, Guo J, Gui S. Orally targeted galactosylated chitosan poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles loaded with TNF-ɑ siRNA provide a novel strategy for the experimental treatment of ulcerative colitis. Eur J Pharm Sci 2018; 125:232-243. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2018.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Xie Y, Liu D, Cai C, Chen X, Zhou Y, Wu L, Sun Y, Dai H, Kong X, Liu P. Size-dependent cytotoxicity of Fe3O4 nanoparticles induced by biphasic regulation of oxidative stress in different human hepatoma cells. Int J Nanomedicine 2016; 11:3557-70. [PMID: 27536098 PMCID: PMC4973727 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s105575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The application of Fe3O4 nanoparticles (NPs) has made great progress in the diagnosis of disease and in the drug delivery system for cancer therapy, but the relative mechanisms of potential toxicity induced by Fe3O4 have not kept pace with its development in the application, which has hampered its further clinical application. In this article, we used two kinds of human hepatoma cell lines, SK-Hep-1 and Hep3B, to investigate the cytotoxic effects and the involved mechanisms of small Fe3O4 NPs with different diameters (6 nm, 9 nm, and 14 nm). Results showed that the size of NPs effectively influences the cytotoxicity of hepatoma cells: 6 nm Fe3O4 NPs exhibited negligible cytotoxicity and 9 nm Fe3O4 NPs affected cytotoxicity via cellular mitochondrial dysfunction and by inducing necrosis mediated through the mitochondria-dependent intracellular reactive oxygen species generation. Meanwhile, 14 nm Fe3O4 NPs induced cytotoxicity by impairing the integrity of plasma membrane and promoting massive lactate dehydrogenase leakage. These results explain the detailed mechanism of different diameters of small Fe3O4 NPs-induced cytotoxicity. We anticipate that this study will provide different insights into the cytotoxicity mechanism of Fe3O4 NPs, so as to make them safer to use in clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuexia Xie
- Central Laboratory; State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute
| | - Dejun Liu
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | | - Yongwei Sun
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Huili Dai
- Central Laboratory; State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute
| | - Xianming Kong
- Central Laboratory; State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute
| | - Peifeng Liu
- Central Laboratory; State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute
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Park JK, Utsumi T, Seo YE, Deng Y, Satoh A, Saltzman WM, Iwakiri Y. Cellular distribution of injected PLGA-nanoparticles in the liver. NANOMEDICINE : NANOTECHNOLOGY, BIOLOGY, AND MEDICINE 2016; 12:1365-74. [PMID: 26961463 PMCID: PMC4889500 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2016.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Revised: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The cellular fate of nanoparticles in the liver is not fully understood. Because the effectiveness and safety of nanoparticles in liver therapy depends on targeting nanoparticles to the right cell populations, this study aimed to determine a relative distribution of PLGA-nanoparticles (sizes 271±1.4 nm) among liver cells in vivo. We found that Kupffer cells were the major cells that took up nanoparticles, followed by liver sinusoidal endothelial cells and hepatic stellate cells. Nanoparticles were found in only 7% of hepatocytes. Depletion of Kupffer cells by clodronate liposomes increased nanoparticle retention in liver sinusoidal endothelial cells and hepatic stellate cells, but not in hepatocytes. It is importantly suggested that studies of drug-loaded nanoparticle delivery to the liver have to demonstrate not only uptake of nanoparticles by the target cell type but also non-uptake by other cell types to assess their effect as well as ensure their safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Kyu Park
- Section of Digestive Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.
| | - Teruo Utsumi
- Section of Digestive Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - Young-Eun Seo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - Yang Deng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - Ayano Satoh
- The Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan.
| | | | - Yasuko Iwakiri
- Section of Digestive Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
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8
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9
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Liao ZX, Peng SF, Chiu YL, Hsiao CW, Liu HY, Lim WH, Lu HM, Sung HW. Enhancement of efficiency of chitosan-based complexes for gene transfection with poly(γ-glutamic acid) by augmenting their cellular uptake and intracellular unpackage. J Control Release 2014; 193:304-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2014.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2014] [Revised: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 04/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Krishnan TR, Velusamy P, Srinivasan A, Ganesan T, Mangaiah S, Narasimhan K, Chakrapani LN, J. T, Walter CEJ, Durairajan S, Nathakattur Saravanabavan S, Periandavan K. EGCG mediated downregulation of NF-AT and macrophage infiltration in experimental hepatic steatosis. Exp Gerontol 2014; 57:96-103. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2014.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2013] [Revised: 05/03/2014] [Accepted: 05/08/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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11
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Therapy with interleukin-22 alleviates hepatic injury and hemostasis dysregulation in rat model of acute liver failure. Adv Hematol 2014; 2014:705290. [PMID: 24799907 PMCID: PMC3988755 DOI: 10.1155/2014/705290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The therapeutic efficacy of interleukin-22 (IL-22) on liver injury and hematological disturbances was studied in rat model of acute liver failure (ALF) induced by D-galactosamine/lipopolysaccharide (D-GalN/LPS). The following parameters were investigated: (1) survival rate, (2) serum levels of liver function enzymes (aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP)), total bilirubin (TBILI), and total albumen (ALB), (3) blood clotting tests (prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), and fibrinogen level (FIB)) and white blood cells (WBCs), red blood cells (RBCs), and platelet counts, (4) hepatic levels of tumor necrosis factor- α (TNF- α ) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and (5) liver histopathology. After 48 hours of D-GalN/LPS, the rats exhibited 20% mortality, significant increases in AST, ALT, ALP, TBILI, PT, and aPTT, TNF- α , and COX-2 and significant decreases in FIB, WBCs, and RBCs. By contrast, therapy with IL-22 prevented the lethal effect of D-GalN/LPS by 100% and efficiently alleviated all the biochemical and hematological abnormalities that were observed in ALF untreated group. Furthermore, IL-22 treatment decreased the hepatic contents of TNF- α and COX-2. The histopathological findings also supported the hepatoprotective effect of IL-22. Taken together, therapy with IL-22 can represent a promising therapeutic tool against liver injury and its associated hemostasis disturbances.
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Zhang J, Lu D, Li A, Yang J, Wang S. Design, synthesis and anti-influenza virus activities of terminal modified antisense oligonucleotides. Tetrahedron Lett 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2013.10.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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13
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Mochizuki S, Morishita H, Sakurai K. Macrophage specific delivery of TNF-α siRNA complexed with β-1,3-glucan inhibits LPS-induced cytokine production in a murine acute hepatitis model. Bioorg Med Chem 2013; 21:2535-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2013.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2013] [Revised: 02/22/2013] [Accepted: 02/25/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Fisher JE, McKenzie TJ, Lillegard JB, Yu Y, Juskewitch JE, Nedredal GI, Brunn GJ, Yi ES, Malhi H, Smyrk TC, Nyberg SL. Role of Kupffer cells and toll-like receptor 4 in acetaminophen-induced acute liver failure. J Surg Res 2012; 180:147-55. [PMID: 23260383 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2012.11.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2012] [Revised: 11/12/2012] [Accepted: 11/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Significant morbidity associated with acute liver failure (ALF) is from the systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS). Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) has been shown to play an integral role in the modulation of SIRS. However, little is known about the mechanistic role of TLR4 in ALF. Also, no cell type has been identified as the key mediator of the TLR4 pathway in ALF. This study examines the role of TLR4 and Kupffer cells (KCs) in the development of the SIRS following acetaminophen (APAP)-induced ALF. MATERIALS AND METHODS Five groups of mice were established: untreated wild-type, E5564-treated (a TLR4 antagonist), gadolinium chloride -treated (KC-depleted), clodronate-treated (KC-depleted), and TLR4-mutant. Following APAP administration, 72-h survival, biochemical and histologic liver injury, extent of lung injury and edema, and proinflammatory gene expression were studied. Additionally, TLR4 expression was determined in livers of wild-type and KC-depleted mice. RESULTS Following APAP administration, wild-type, TLR4-mutant, E5564-treated, and KC-depleted mice had significant liver injury. However, wild-type mice had markedly worse survival compared with the other four treatment groups. TLR4-mutant, E5564-treated, and KC-depleted mice had less lung inflammation and edema than wild-type mice. Selected proinflammatory gene expression (interleukin 1β, interleukin 6, tumor necrosis factor) in TLR4-mutant, E5564-treated, and KC-depleted mice was significantly lower compared with wild-type mice after acute liver injury. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that survival in APAP-induced ALF potentially correlates with the level of proinflammatory gene expression. This study points to a link between TLR4 and KCs in the APAP model of ALF and, more importantly, demonstrates benefits of TLR4 antagonism in ALF.
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Affiliation(s)
- James E Fisher
- Division of Transplant Surgery, Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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Liu CH, Lu DD, Deng XX, Wang Y, Zhang JY, Zhang YL, Wang SQ. The analysis of major impurities of lipophilic-conjugated phosphorothioate oligonucleotides by ion-pair reversed-phase HPLC combined with MALDI-TOF-MS. Anal Bioanal Chem 2012; 403:1333-42. [PMID: 22441199 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-012-5935-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2012] [Revised: 03/07/2012] [Accepted: 03/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A simple and rapid ion-pair reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography (IP-RP-HPLC) method was developed to analyse the major impurities of lipophilic-conjugated phosphorothioate oligonucleotides (ODNs), which provided better separation performance than capillary gel electrophoresis and ion exchange chromatograph methods. The study showed that covalent conjugations of lipophilic group (docosanyl, C(22)) to ODN at 5'-termini (denoted as 5'C(22)-Flu) or 3'-termini (denoted as 3'C(22)-Flu) exhibited similar chromatographic retention behavior. Some important analytical conditions of IP-RP-HPLC, including column type, ion-pairing buffer composition, and separation temperature, were investigated for the effects on the separation of crude 5'C(22)-Flu. As expected, the method developed was successfully applied to the analysis of crude 3'C(22)-Flu and both purified products. Furthermore, the related impurities derived from the synthetic process were identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption-ionization time-of-flight mass spectrum. These MS results are of benefit to understanding the major process-related impurities in lipophilic-ODN conjugates synthesis, thereby elevating the quality of target products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cai-Hong Liu
- Chinese PLA Postgraduate Medical School, Beijing, China
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Zaki NM, Nasti A, Tirelli N. Nanocarriers for cytoplasmic delivery: cellular uptake and intracellular fate of chitosan and hyaluronic acid-coated chitosan nanoparticles in a phagocytic cell model. Macromol Biosci 2011; 11:1747-60. [PMID: 21954171 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201100156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2011] [Revised: 06/10/2011] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The cellular uptake of hyaluronic-acid-coated, negatively charged chitosan/triphosphate nanoparticles and that of uncoated, positively charged ones is investigated by studying cellular localization, uptake kinetics and mechanism of internalization in J774.2 macrophages, using non-phagocytic L929 fibroblasts as a control for uncoated nanoparticles. Both kinds of nanoparticles undergo endosomal escape and adopt a similar clathrin-based endocytic mechanism. The surface decoration with HA profoundly influences the kinetics of cellular uptake, with an at least two orders of magnitude slower kinetics, but also the nature of the binding on the cellular surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noha M Zaki
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Monazamet El Wehda El Afrikia St., El Abbassia, Cairo, Egypt
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Mochizuki S, Sakurai K. Dectin-1 targeting delivery of TNF-α antisense ODNs complexed with β-1,3-glucan protects mice from LPS-induced hepatitis. J Control Release 2011; 151:155-61. [PMID: 21281680 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2011.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2010] [Revised: 01/06/2011] [Accepted: 01/24/2011] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Antisense therapy, the first concept of oligonucleotide therapeutics, was proposed more than two decades ago. However, the lack of suitable delivering carriers continues to be a major obstacle to practical therapy. In this study, we present a novel complex consisting of β-1,3-glucan and antisense oligonucleotide (AS-ODN) as a new candidate of the carriers. We used schizophyllan (SPG) as a β-1,3-glucan and an AS-ODN sequence to suppress tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), where the AS-ODN has a (dA)(60) tail to induce complex with SPG. When the complexes were applied to peritoneal macrophages, they were incorporated into the cells via dectin-1 (a β-1,3-glucan receptor expressed on antigen presenting cells) and suppressed lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced TNF-α secretion. In-vivo, AS-ODN/SPG decreased the secretion of TNF-α in serum and drastically reduced the inflammation of LPS-induced hepatitis. This new complex could overcome the long outstanding problem for antisense therapy because of its complexation ability, non-toxicity and high target specificity.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cells, Cultured
- Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury/metabolism
- Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury/prevention & control
- Drug Delivery Systems/methods
- Hepatitis, Viral, Animal/metabolism
- Hepatitis, Viral, Animal/prevention & control
- Lectins, C-Type/administration & dosage
- Lectins, C-Type/physiology
- Lipopolysaccharides/toxicity
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Oligonucleotides, Antisense/administration & dosage
- Oligonucleotides, Antisense/metabolism
- Protective Agents/administration & dosage
- Protective Agents/pharmacology
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/antagonists & inhibitors
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/blood
- beta-Glucans/administration & dosage
- beta-Glucans/chemistry
- beta-Glucans/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinichi Mochizuki
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Kitakyushu, 1-1 Hibikino, Wakamatsu-ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, Japan
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18
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Duan GJ, Zhu J, Xu CY, Wan JY, Zhang L, Ge XD, Liu LM, Liu YS. Protective effect of Gö6976, a PKD inhibitor, on LPS/D: -GalN-induced acute liver injury in mice. Inflamm Res 2010; 60:357-66. [PMID: 21063746 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-010-0278-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2010] [Accepted: 10/27/2010] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Protein kinase D (PKD) is a newly described serine/threonine protein kinase that plays a pivotal role in inflammatory response. In the present study, we examined the protective effect of Gö6976, a PKD inhibitor, on lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and D: -galactosamine (D: -GalN)-induced acute liver injury in mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS Mice were pretreated intraperitoneally with Gö6976 30 min before LPS/D: -GalN administration . The mortality and degree of hepatic injury was subsequently assessed. RESULTS The results indicated that LPS/D: -GalN administration markedly induced hepatic PKD activation, lethality and liver injury, while pretreatment of the PKD inhibitor Gö6976 significantly inhibited LPS-induced PKD activation, improved the survival of LPS/D: -GalN-administered mice and attenuated LPS/D: -GalN-induced liver injury, as evidenced by reduced levels of serum aminotransferases as well as reduced histopathological changes. In addition, the protective effects of Gö6976 were paralleled by suppressed activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), decreased expression of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and adhesion molecules, and reduced apoptosis and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity in liver. CONCLUSIONS Our experimental data indicated that Gö6976, a PKD inhibitor, could effectively prevent LPS/D: -GalN-induced acute liver injury by inhibition of MAPKs activation to reduce TNF-α production. This suggests the potential pharmacological value of PKD inhibitors in the intervention of inflammation-based liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- G J Duan
- Institute of Pathology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
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Ozbaş-Turan S, Akbuğa J, Sezer AD. Topical application of antisense oligonucleotide-loaded chitosan nanoparticles to rats. Oligonucleotides 2010; 20:147-53. [PMID: 20180684 DOI: 10.1089/oli.2009.0222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Skin delivery of antisense oligonucleotides (AsODNs) has exciting potential in the treatment of skin diseases. However, the therapeutic applications of oligonucleotide-based therapies are limited by the instability of these molecules toward nucleases, short half-life in vivo, and insufficient cellular uptake. The purpose of this study was to investigate in vivo antisense effect of AsODN-loaded chitosan nanoparticles after topical application. AsODN-loaded chitosan nanoparticles were topically applied to Sprague Dawley rats (adult and baby). At 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 days posttransfection, animals' skin samples were taken for measurement of beta-galactosidase (beta-Gal) expression and histological control. After topical application of AsODN-loaded chitosan nanoparticles in different doses, beta-Gal expression reduced significantly. Highest inhibition was observed after 6 days of transfection of nanoparticles. Free AsODNs exhibited 35% of beta-Gal inhibition on the first day. beta-Gal expression was inhibited in approximately 82-85% with transfection of nanoparticles containing 30 microg AsODNs at 6 days. The antisense effect of AsODN-loaded chitosan nanoparticle in baby skin was evaluated at 6 days: 77-86% of beta-Gal suppression was measured and differences between the doses were not significant. Thus, chitosan nanoparticles are useful carrier for delivery of AsODNs into skin cells of rats and may be used for topical application on human skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suna Ozbaş-Turan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
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20
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Atta HM. Gene therapy for liver regeneration: experimental studies and prospects for clinical trials. World J Gastroenterol 2010; 16:4019-30. [PMID: 20731015 PMCID: PMC2928455 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v16.i32.4019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2009] [Revised: 03/03/2010] [Accepted: 03/10/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The liver is an exceptional organ, not only because of its unique anatomical and physiological characteristics, but also because of its unlimited regenerative capacity. Unfolding of the molecular mechanisms that govern liver regeneration has allowed researchers to exploit them to augment liver regeneration. Dramatic progress in the field, however, was made by the introduction of the powerful tool of gene therapy. Transfer of genetic materials, such as hepatocyte growth factor, using both viral and non-viral vectors has proved to be successful in augmenting liver regeneration in various animal models. For future clinical studies, ongoing research aims at eliminating toxicity of viral vectors and increasing transduction efficiency of non-viral vectors, which are the main drawbacks of these systems. Another goal of current research is to develop gene therapy that targets specific liver cells using receptors that are unique to and highly expressed by different liver cell types. The outcome of such investigations will, undoubtedly, pave the way for future successful clinical trials.
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Possamai LA, Antoniades CG, Anstee QM, Quaglia A, Vergani D, Thursz M, Wendon J. Role of monocytes and macrophages in experimental and human acute liver failure. World J Gastroenterol 2010; 16:1811-9. [PMID: 20397256 PMCID: PMC2856819 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v16.i15.1811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute liver failure (ALF) is a devastating clinical syndrome characterised by progressive encephalopathy, coagulopathy, and circulatory dysfunction, which commonly leads to multiorgan failure and death. Central to the pathogenesis of ALF is activation of the immune system with mobilisation of cellular effectors and massive production of cytokines. As key components of the innate immune system, monocytes and macrophages are postulated to play a central role in the initiation, progression and resolution of ALF. ALF in humans follows a rapidly progressive clinical course that poses inherent difficulties in delineating the role of these pivotal immune cells. Therefore, a number of experimental models have been used to study the pathogenesis of ALF. Here we consider the evidence from experimental and human studies of ALF on the role of monocytes and macrophages in acute hepatic injury and the ensuing extrahepatic manifestations, including functional monocyte deactivation and multiple organ failure.
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Wu F, Wuensch SA, Azadniv M, Ebrahimkhani MR, Crispe IN. Galactosylated LDL nanoparticles: a novel targeting delivery system to deliver antigen to macrophages and enhance antigen specific T cell responses. Mol Pharm 2009; 6:1506-17. [PMID: 19637876 DOI: 10.1021/mp900081y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
We aim to define the role of Kupffer cells in intrahepatic antigen presentation, using the selective delivery of antigen to Kupffer cells rather than other populations of liver antigen-presenting cells. To achieve this we developed a novel antigen delivery system that can target antigens to macrophages, based on a galactosylated low-density lipoprotein nanoscale platform. Antigen was delivered via the galactose particle receptor (GPr), internalized, degraded and presented to T cells. The conjugation of fluoresceinated ovalbumin (FLUO-OVA) and lactobionic acid with LDL resulted in a substantially increased uptake of FLUO-OVA by murine macrophage-like ANA1 cells in preference to NIH3T3 cells, and by primary peritoneal macrophages in preference to primary hepatic stellate cells. Such preferential uptake led to enhanced proliferation of OVA specific T cells, showing that the galactosylated LDL nanoscale platform is a successful antigen carrier, targeting antigen to macrophages but not to all categories of antigen presenting cells. This system will allow targeted delivery of antigen to macrophages in the liver and elsewhere, addressing the question of the role of Kupffer cells in liver immunology. It may also be an effective way of delivering drugs or vaccines directly at macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Wu
- David H. Smith Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology, The Aab Institute for Biomedical Research, Department of Microbiology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York 14642, USA.
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Nano and microtechnologies for the delivery of oligonucleotides with gene silencing properties. Molecules 2009; 14:2801-23. [PMID: 19701125 PMCID: PMC6255434 DOI: 10.3390/molecules14082801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2009] [Revised: 07/22/2009] [Accepted: 07/27/2009] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Oligonucleotides (ONs) are synthetic fragments of nucleic acid designed to modulate the expression of target proteins. DNA-based ONs (antisense, antigene, aptamer or decoy) and more recently a new class of RNA-based ONs, the small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), have gained great attention for the treatment of different disease states, such as viral infections, inflammation, diabetes, and cancer. However, the development of therapeutic strategies based on ONs is hampered by their low bioavailability, poor intracellular uptake and rapid degradation in biological fluids. The use of a non-viral carrier can be a powerful tool to overcome these drawbacks. Lipid or polymer-based nanotechnologies can improve biological stability and cellular uptake of ONs, with possibility of tissue and/or cellular targeting. The use of polymeric devices can also produce a prolonged release of the ON, thus reducing the need of frequent administrations. This review summarizes advantages and issues related to the main non-viral vectors used for ON delivery.
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