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Feast S, Titterington J, Hoang VA, Allison TM, Fee C, Nazmi AR. Purification of his-tagged proteins using printed monolith adsorption columns. J Chromatogr A 2024; 1733:465216. [PMID: 39154493 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2024.465216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Revised: 07/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
Bio-separation is a crucial process in biotechnology and biochemical engineering for separating biological macromolecules, and the field has long relied on bead-based and expanded bed chromatography. Printed monolith adsorption (PMA) is a new alternative to which uses a 3D-printed monolithic structure containing self-supporting, ordered flow channels. PMA allows for direct purification of biological molecules from crude cell lysates and cell cultures, and like the other technologies, can functionalized to specifically target a molecule and enable affinity chromatography. Here we have combined PMA technology with an immobilized metal affinity ligand (iminodiacetic acid) to provide selectivity of binding to polyhistidine-tagged proteins during PMA chromatography. Two different PMA structures were created and tested for both static and dynamic protein-binding capacity. At comparative linear flow rates, the dynamic binding capacity of both columns was ≈3 mg/mL, while static capacity was shown to differentiate based on column voidage. We show that a polyhistidine-tagged protein can be directly purified from crude lysate with comparable results to the available commercial providers of IMAC, and with a substantially reduced purification time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean Feast
- Precision Chromatography Limited, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 8020, New Zealand
| | - James Titterington
- School of Physical and Chemical Sciences, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 8020, New Zealand
| | - Viet-Anh Hoang
- School of Physical and Chemical Sciences, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 8020, New Zealand
| | - Timothy M Allison
- School of Physical and Chemical Sciences, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 8020, New Zealand; Biomolecular Interaction Centre, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 8020, New Zealand
| | - Conan Fee
- School of Product Design, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 8020, New Zealand; Biomolecular Interaction Centre, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 8020, New Zealand
| | - Ali Reza Nazmi
- School of Product Design, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 8020, New Zealand; Biomolecular Interaction Centre, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 8020, New Zealand.
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2
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Sonugür FG, Babahan C, Abdi Abgarmi S, Akbulut H. Incubation Temperature and Period During Denarase Treatment and Microfiltration Affect the Yield of Recombinant Adenoviral Vectors During Downstream Processing. Mol Biotechnol 2022:10.1007/s12033-022-00616-8. [PMID: 36451062 PMCID: PMC9713150 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-022-00616-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Adenoviral vectors (AV) are commonly used as vaccine and gene therapy vehicles because of their ease of construction, ability to grow to high titers in the large-scale production process, and safety for human applications. However, the efficiency rate of downstream processes for adenoviral vectors still varies greatly. In the current study, we aimed to investigate the effect of the downstream treatment protocol and microfiltration of the harvested upstream material on viral vector yield. We compared the performance of the repeated freeze-thaw (RFT) and the Tween-20 detergent lysis (DLT) methods. In addition, the effects of the cell lysis method, incubation temperature, and time on viral yield were investigated. The samples were incubated at either room temperature or 37 °C for 1-, 2-, and 4-h periods. Samples were filtered with PES and SFCA membrane. Virus yield and infectivity were assayed by qPCR and immuno-titration. In conclusion, our results suggest that 2-h incubation gives the best results when incubated at 37 °C for denarase activity when Tween-20 is used for virus recovery. If the room temperature is preferred, 4-h incubation could be preferred. A phase 1 clinical trial (NCT05526183, January 21, 2022) was started with the recombinant adenovirus used in the study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Gizem Sonugür
- Department of Tumor Biology, Cancer Research Institute, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Cansu Babahan
- Department of Tumor Biology, Cancer Research Institute, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Samira Abdi Abgarmi
- Department of Tumor Biology, Cancer Research Institute, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hakan Akbulut
- Department of Tumor Biology, Cancer Research Institute, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey ,Department of Medical Oncology, School of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
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3
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Jt S, M H, Wam B, Ac B, Sa N. Adenoviral vectors for cardiovascular gene therapy applications: a clinical and industry perspective. J Mol Med (Berl) 2022; 100:875-901. [PMID: 35606652 PMCID: PMC9126699 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-022-02208-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Despite the development of novel pharmacological treatments, cardiovascular disease morbidity and mortality remain high indicating an unmet clinical need. Viral gene therapy enables targeted delivery of therapeutic transgenes and represents an attractive platform for tackling acquired and inherited cardiovascular diseases in the future. Current cardiovascular gene therapy trials in humans mainly focus on improving cardiac angiogenesis and function. Encouragingly, local delivery of therapeutic transgenes utilising first-generation human adenovirus serotype (HAd)-5 is safe in the short term and has shown some efficacy in drug refractory angina pectoris and heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. Despite this success, systemic delivery of therapeutic HAd-5 vectors targeting cardiovascular tissues and internal organs is limited by negligible gene transfer to target cells, elimination by the immune system, liver sequestration, off-target effects, and episomal degradation. To circumvent these barriers, cardiovascular gene therapy research has focused on determining the safety and efficacy of rare alternative serotypes and/or genetically engineered adenoviral capsid protein-modified vectors following local or systemic delivery. Pre-clinical studies have identified several vectors including HAd-11, HAd-35, and HAd-20–42-42 as promising platforms for local and systemic targeting of vascular endothelial and smooth muscle cells. In the past, clinical gene therapy trials were often restricted by limited scale-up capabilities of gene therapy medicinal products (GTMPs) and lack of regulatory guidance. However, significant improvement of industrial GTMP scale-up and purification, development of novel producer cell lines, and issuing of GTMP regulatory guidance by national regulatory health agencies have addressed many of these challenges, creating a more robust framework for future adenoviral-based cardiovascular gene therapy. In addition, this has enabled the mass roll out of adenovirus vector-based COVID-19 vaccines. Key messages First-generation HAd-5 vectors are widely used in cardiovascular gene therapy. HAd-5-based gene therapy was shown to lead to cardiac angiogenesis and improved function. Novel HAd vectors may represent promising transgene carriers for systemic delivery. Novel methods allow industrial scale-up of rare/genetically altered Ad serotypes. National regulatory health agencies have issued guidance on GMP for GTMPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Schwartze Jt
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
| | - Havenga M
- Batavia Biosciences B.V., Bioscience Park Leiden, Zernikedreef 16, 2333, CL, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Bakker Wam
- Batavia Biosciences B.V., Bioscience Park Leiden, Zernikedreef 16, 2333, CL, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Bradshaw Ac
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Nicklin Sa
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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4
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Junter GA, Lebrun L. Polysaccharide-based chromatographic adsorbents for virus purification and viral clearance. J Pharm Anal 2020; 10:291-312. [PMID: 32292625 PMCID: PMC7104128 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2020.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Viruses still pose a significant threat to human and animal health worldwide. In the fight against viral infections, high-purity viral stocks are needed for manufacture of safer vaccines. It is also a priority to ensure the viral safety of biopharmaceuticals such as blood products. Chromatography techniques are widely implemented at both academic and industrial levels in the purification of viral particles, whole viruses and virus-like particles to remove viral contaminants from biopharmaceutical products. This paper focuses on polysaccharide adsorbents, particulate resins and membrane adsorbers, used in virus purification/removal chromatography processes. Different chromatographic modes are surveyed, with particular attention to ion exchange and affinity/pseudo-affinity adsorbents among which commercially available agarose-based resins (Sepharose®) and cellulose-based membrane adsorbers (Sartobind®) occupy a dominant position. Mainly built on the development of new ligands coupled to conventional agarose/cellulose matrices, the development perspectives of polysaccharide-based chromatography media in this antiviral area are stressed in the conclusive part.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guy-Alain Junter
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSA Rouen, CNRS, PBS, 76000, Rouen, France
| | - Laurent Lebrun
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSA Rouen, CNRS, PBS, 76000, Rouen, France
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5
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Santry LA, Jacquemart R, Vandersluis M, Zhao M, Domm JM, McAusland TM, Shang X, Major PM, Stout JG, Wootton SK. Interference chromatography: a novel approach to optimizing chromatographic selectivity and separation performance for virus purification. BMC Biotechnol 2020; 20:32. [PMID: 32552807 PMCID: PMC7301511 DOI: 10.1186/s12896-020-00627-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Oncolytic viruses are playing an increasingly important role in cancer immunotherapy applications. Given the preclinical and clinical efficacy of these virus-based therapeutics, there is a need for fast, simple, and inexpensive downstream processing methodologies to purify biologically active viral agents that meet the increasingly higher safety standards stipulated by regulatory authorities like the Food and Drug Administration and the European Agency for the Evaluation of Medicinal Products. However, the production of virus materials for clinical dosing of oncolytic virotherapies is currently limited—in quantity, quality, and timeliness—by current purification technologies. Adsorption of virus particles to solid phases provides a convenient and practical choice for large-scale fractionation and recovery of viruses from cell and media contaminants. Indeed, chromatography has been deemed the most promising technology for large-scale purification of viruses for biomedical applications. The implementation of new chromatography media has improved process performance, but low yields and long processing times required to reach the desired purity are still limiting. Results Here we report the development of an interference chromatography-based process for purifying high titer, clinical grade oncolytic Newcastle disease virus using NatriFlo® HD-Q membrane technology. This novel approach to optimizing chromatographic performance utilizes differences in molecular bonding interactions to achieve high purity in a single ion exchange step. Conclusions When used in conjunction with membrane chromatography, this high yield method based on interference chromatography has the potential to deliver efficient, scalable processes to enable viable production of oncolytic virotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa A Santry
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Renaud Jacquemart
- MilliporeSigma, 5295 John Lucas Drive, Burlington, Ontario, L7L 6A8, Canada.,Present Address: BioVectra Inc., 24 Ivey Lane, PO Box 766, Windsor, Nova Scotia, B0N 2T0, Canada
| | | | - Mochao Zhao
- MilliporeSigma, 5295 John Lucas Drive, Burlington, Ontario, L7L 6A8, Canada
| | - Jake M Domm
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Thomas M McAusland
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Xiaojiao Shang
- MilliporeSigma, 5295 John Lucas Drive, Burlington, Ontario, L7L 6A8, Canada
| | - Pierre M Major
- Juravinski Cancer Centre, 699 Concession Street, Hamilton, ON, L8V 5C2, Canada
| | - James G Stout
- MilliporeSigma, 5295 John Lucas Drive, Burlington, Ontario, L7L 6A8, Canada.,Present Address: BioVectra Inc., 24 Ivey Lane, PO Box 766, Windsor, Nova Scotia, B0N 2T0, Canada
| | - Sarah K Wootton
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada.
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6
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A novel method to purify adenovirus based on increasing salt concentrations in buffer. Eur J Pharm Sci 2019; 141:105090. [PMID: 31626964 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2019.105090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
With the rapid development of gene therapy, gene-based medicine with adenovirus as vectors has become a new method for disease treatment. However, there are still enormous challenges in the large-scale production of adenoviruses for clinical use. Recent reports show that ion-exchange chromatography (IEC) is an effective tool for the isolation and purification of adenovirus. However, during the separation and purification, host cell protein and DNA, as well as serum from the culture medium, can non-specifically occupy numerous binding sites of the chromatography packings, thereby reducing the binding between the adenovirus and packing media. We here report a novel method for highly efficient purification of adenoviruses by increasing the salt concentrations of the samples to be ultrafiltrated by tangential flow filtration, the diafiltration buffer, and the samples for IEC purification. This method could significantly remove a large amount of serum proteins and host cell proteins, increase the amount of sample loaded on the IEC column, and improve the binding of the adenovirus samples to the packing media. A purity of > 95% could be obtained after one chromatography operation, and the number of purification steps and the amount of used packing media were reduced. The method is simple, economical, and efficient, and has excellent applications.
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7
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Moleirinho MG, Rosa S, Carrondo MJT, Silva RJS, Hagner-McWhirter Å, Ahlén G, Lundgren M, Alves PM, Peixoto C. Clinical-Grade Oncolytic Adenovirus Purification Using Polysorbate 20 as an Alternative for Cell Lysis. Curr Gene Ther 2019; 18:366-374. [PMID: 30411681 PMCID: PMC6327138 DOI: 10.2174/1566523218666181109141257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Oncolytic virus therapy is currently considered as a promising therapeutic ap-proach for cancer treatment. Adenovirus is well-known and extensively characterized as an oncolytic agent. The increasing number of clinical trials using this virus generates the demand for the development of a well-established purification approach. Triton X-100 is commonly used in cell lysis buffer prepara-tions. The addition of this surfactant in the list of substances with the very high concern of the Registra-tion, Evaluation, Authorization and Restriction of Chemicals (REACH) regulation promoted the research for effective alternatives. Methods: In this work, a purification strategy for oncolytic adenovirus compatible with phase I clinical trials, using an approved surfactant – Polysorbate 20 was developed. The proposed downstream train, composed by clarification, concentration using tangential flow filtration, intermediate purification with anion exchange chromatography, followed by a second concentration and a final polishing step was evaluated for both Triton X-100 and Polysorbate 20 processes. The impact of cell lysis with Polysorb-ate20 and Triton X-100 for each downstream step was evaluated in terms of product recovery and impu-rities removal. Overall, 61 ± 4% of infectious viral particles were recovered. Depletion of host cell pro-teins and ds-DNA was 99.9% and 97.1%, respectively. Results & Conclusion: The results indicated that Polysorbate 20 can be used as a replacement for Triton X-100 during cell lysis with no impact on product recovery, potency, and purity. Moreover, the devel-oped process is scalable and able to provide a highly purified product to be used in phase I and II clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mafalda G Moleirinho
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnologica, Oeiras, Portugal.,Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Sara Rosa
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnologica, Oeiras, Portugal.,Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Manuel J T Carrondo
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnologica, Oeiras, Portugal.,Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Monte da Caparica, Portugal
| | - Ricardo J S Silva
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnologica, Oeiras, Portugal.,Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
| | | | - Gustaf Ahlén
- GE Healthcare Bio-Sciences AB, Bjorkgatan 30, 751 84 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mats Lundgren
- GE Healthcare Bio-Sciences AB, Bjorkgatan 30, 751 84 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Paula M Alves
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnologica, Oeiras, Portugal.,Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Cristina Peixoto
- iBET, Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnologica, Oeiras, Portugal.,Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Oeiras, Portugal
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8
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Optimization of Early Steps in Oncolytic Adenovirus ONCOS-401 Production in T-175 and HYPERFlasks. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20030621. [PMID: 30709038 PMCID: PMC6387112 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20030621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic adenoviruses can trigger lysis of tumor cells, induce an antitumor immune response, bypass classical chemotherapeutic resistance strategies of tumors, and provide opportunities for combination strategies. A major challenge is the development of scalable production methods for viral seed stocks and sufficient quantities of clinical grade viruses. Because of promising clinical signals in a compassionate use program (Advanced Therapy Access Program) which supported further development, we chose the oncolytic adenovirus ONCOS-401 as a testbed for a new approach to scale up. We found that the best viral production conditions in both T-175 flasks and HYPERFlasks included A549 cells grown to 220,000 cells/cm² (80% confluency), with ONCOS-401 infection at 30 multiplicity of infection (MOI), and an incubation period of 66 h. The Lysis A harvesting method with benzonase provided the highest viral yield from both T-175 and HYPERFlasks (10,887 ± 100 and 14,559 ± 802 infectious viral particles/cell, respectively). T-175 flasks and HYPERFlasks produced up to 2.1 × 10⁸ ± 0.2 and 1.75 × 10⁸ ± 0.08 infectious particles of ONCOS-401 per cm² of surface area, respectively. Our findings suggest a suitable stepwise process that can be applied to optimizing the initial production of other oncolytic viruses.
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9
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Hohl A, Ramms AS, Dohmen C, Mantwill K, Bielmeier A, Kolk A, Ruppert A, Nawroth R, Holm PS. Adenovirus Particle Quantification in Cell Lysates Using Light Scattering. Hum Gene Ther Methods 2017; 28:268-276. [DOI: 10.1089/hgtb.2017.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Hohl
- Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Klinik und Poliklinik für Urologie, München, Germany
| | - Anne Sophie Ramms
- Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Klinik und Poliklinik für Urologie, München, Germany
| | | | - Klaus Mantwill
- Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Klinik und Poliklinik für Urologie, München, Germany
| | - Andrea Bielmeier
- Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Klinik und Poliklinik für Urologie, München, Germany
| | - Andreas Kolk
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität, München, Germany
| | | | - Roman Nawroth
- Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Klinik und Poliklinik für Urologie, München, Germany
| | - Per Sonne Holm
- Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Klinik und Poliklinik für Urologie, München, Germany
- XVir Therapeutics GmbH, München, Germany
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10
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Virus purification by CsCl density gradient using general centrifugation. Arch Virol 2017; 162:3523-3528. [DOI: 10.1007/s00705-017-3513-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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11
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Heldt CL, Zahid A, Vijayaragavan KS, Mi X. Experimental and computational surface hydrophobicity analysis of a non-enveloped virus and proteins. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2017; 153:77-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2017.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Revised: 01/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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12
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Xi H, Yuan R, Chen X, Gu T, Cheng Y, Li Z, Jiang C, Kong W, Wu Y. Purification and on-column refolding of a single-chain antibody fragment against rabies virus glycoprotein expressed in Escherichia coli. Protein Expr Purif 2016; 126:26-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2016.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Revised: 05/03/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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13
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Moving oncolytic viruses into the clinic: clinical-grade production, purification, and characterization of diverse oncolytic viruses. MOLECULAR THERAPY-METHODS & CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT 2016; 3:16018. [PMID: 27088104 PMCID: PMC4822647 DOI: 10.1038/mtm.2016.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Revised: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Oncolytic viruses (OVs) are unique anticancer agents based on their pleotropic modes of action, which include, besides viral tumor cell lysis, activation of antitumor immunity. A panel of diverse viruses, often genetically engineered, has advanced to clinical investigation, including phase 3 studies. This diversity of virotherapeutics not only offers interesting opportunities for the implementation of different therapeutic regimens but also poses challenges for clinical translation. Thus, manufacturing processes and regulatory approval paths need to be established for each OV individually. This review provides an overview of clinical-grade manufacturing procedures for OVs using six virus families as examples, and key challenges are discussed individually. For example, different virus features with respect to particle size, presence/absence of an envelope, and host species imply specific requirements for measures to ensure sterility, for handling, and for determination of appropriate animal models for toxicity testing, respectively. On the other hand, optimization of serum-free culture conditions, increasing virus yields, development of scalable purification strategies, and formulations guaranteeing long-term stability are challenges common to several if not all OVs. In light of the recent marketing approval of the first OV in the Western world, strategies for further upscaling OV manufacturing and optimizing product characterization will receive increasing attention.
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14
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Adenoviral Vector Vaccines Antigen Transgene. ADENOVIRAL VECTORS FOR GENE THERAPY 2016. [PMCID: PMC7150117 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-800276-6.00021-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
In the past decade adenovirus-based vaccines have progressed from preclinical studies, which universally showed the vectors’ high immunogenicity, to testing in humans. Clinical trials showed that adenovirus vectors are well tolerated by humans. They induce robust immune responses that can be expanded by booster immunization. The effect of preexisting neutralizing antibodies on vectors’ immunogenicity appears to be less severe than was observed in experimental animals and can readily be circumvented by using vectors to which most humans lack neutralizing antibodies. Additional clinical studies are needed to firmly establish the efficacy of adenoviral vector vaccines.
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15
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Morris SJ, Turner AV, Green N, Warimwe GM. Laboratory-Scale Production of Replication-Deficient Adenovirus Vectored Vaccines. Methods Mol Biol 2016; 1349:121-35. [PMID: 26458833 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-3008-1_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Replication-deficient adenoviruses are potent vaccine development platforms used extensively for human and animal candidate vaccines, largely due to their very good safety and immunogenicity profile. In this chapter we describe a method that can be used in any laboratory for the scalable production of replication-deficient adenovirus vector vaccines to GLP for preclinical studies in animal models, including definitive experimental studies in large target animal species for veterinary applications. We use human adenovirus serotype 5 (HAdV5) as an example, but the method can be easily adapted for use with other adenovirus serotypes from different species of origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan J Morris
- The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK.
| | - Alison V Turner
- The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Nicola Green
- The Clinical Biomanufacturing Facility, University of Oxford, Churchill Drive, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7JT, UK
| | - George M Warimwe
- The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
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16
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Nestola P, Peixoto C, Villain L, Alves PM, Carrondo MJT, Mota JPB. Rational development of two flowthrough purification strategies for adenovirus type 5 and retro virus-like particles. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1426:91-101. [PMID: 26643723 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.11.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2015] [Revised: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
We report on the rational design and implementation of flowthrough (FT) platforms for purification of virus vectors (VVs) and virus-like particles (VLPs), combining anion-exchange polyallylamine membranes (Sartobind STIC) and core-shell octylamine resins (CaptoCore 700). In one configuration, the VV bulk is concentrated and conditioned with appropriate buffer in a ultra/diafiltration (UF/DF) unit prior to injection into the STIC chromatography membrane. The FT pool and an intermediate cut of the elution pool of the STIC membrane are admixed and directed to a second UF/DF. Finally, the retentate is injected into a CC700 packed bed adsorber where the purified VVs are collected in the FT pool, whereas the residual amount of DNA and host cell protein (HCP) are discarded in the eluate. The experimental recovery achieved with this downstream processing (DSP) platform is close to 100%, the DNA clearance is roughly a 4-log reduction, and the HCP level is reduced by 5 logs. The platform developed for VLP purification is simpler than the previous one, as the STIC membrane adsorber and CC700 bed are connected in series with no UF/DF unit in between. Experimentally, the FT scheme for VLP purification gave a recovery yield of 45% in the chromatography train; the experimental log reduction of DNA and HCP were 2.0 and 3.5, respectively. These results are in line with other purification strategies in the specific field of enveloped VLPs. Both DSP platforms were successfully developed from an initial design space of the binding of the major contaminant (DNA) to the two ligands, determined by surface plasmon resonance, which was subsequently scaled up and confirmed experimentally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piergiuseppe Nestola
- Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal; Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Cristina Peixoto
- Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal; Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Louis Villain
- Sartorius Stedim Biotech GmbH, Spindler-Strasse11, 37079 Gottingen, Germany
| | - Paula M Alves
- Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal; Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Manuel J T Carrondo
- Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal; Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - José P B Mota
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal.
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Wu Q, Liu W, Xu B, Zhang X, Xia X, Sun H. Single-step concentration and purification of adenoviruses by coxsackievirus-adenovirus receptor-binding capture and elastin-like polypeptide-mediated precipitation. Arch Virol 2015; 161:279-87. [PMID: 26526147 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-015-2664-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A single-step method for quick concentration and purification of adenoviruses (Ads) was established by combining coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor (CAR)-binding capture with elastin-like polypeptide (ELP)-mediated precipitation. The soluble ELP-CAR fusion protein was expressed in vector-transformed E. coli and purified to high purity by two rounds of inverse transition cycling (ITC). After demonstration of the specific binding of fusion protein, a recombinant Ad (rAd), namely rAd/GFP, was pulled down from the culture medium and extract of rAd-transduced cells using ELP-CAR protein, with recovery of 76.2 % and 73.3 %, respectively. The rAd was eluted from the ELP-CAR protein and harvested by one round of ITC, with recoveries ranging from 30.6 % to 34.5 % (virus titration assay). Both ELP-CAR-bound and eluted rAds were able to transduce CAR-positive cells, but not CAR-negative cells (fluorescent microscopy). A further viral titration assay showed that the ELP-CAR-bound rAd/GFP had significantly lower transduction efficiency than the eluted rAd, and there was less of a decrease when tested in the presence of fetal bovine serum. In addition, rAd/GFP was efficiently recovered from the "spiked" PBS and tap water with recovery of ~74 % or ~60 %. This work demonstrates the usefulness of the ELP-CAR-binding capture method for concentration and/or purification of Ads in cellular and environmental samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, 48 Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjun Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, 48 Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Bi Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, 48 Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, 48 Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoli Xia
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, 48 Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Huaichang Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, 48 Wenhui Road, Yangzhou, 225009, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
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18
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Nestola P, Silva RJ, Peixoto C, Alves PM, Carrondo MJ, Mota JP. Robust design of adenovirus purification by two-column, simulated moving-bed, size-exclusion chromatography. J Biotechnol 2015; 213:109-19. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2015.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Revised: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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19
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Qu W, Wang M, Wu Y, Lv Y, Wang Q, Xu R. Calcium-ion-modulated ceramic hydroxyapatite resin for the scalable purification of recombinant Adeno-Associated Virus serotype 9. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2015; 990:15-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2015.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Revised: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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20
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Nestola P, Peixoto C, Silva RRJS, Alves PM, Mota JPB, Carrondo MJT. Improved virus purification processes for vaccines and gene therapy. Biotechnol Bioeng 2015; 112:843-57. [PMID: 25677990 DOI: 10.1002/bit.25545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Revised: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The downstream processing of virus particles for vaccination or gene therapy is becoming a critical bottleneck as upstream titers keep improving. Moreover, the growing pressure to develop cost-efficient processes has brought forward new downstream trains. This review aims at analyzing the state-of-the-art in viral downstream purification processes, encompassing the classical unit operations and their recent developments. Emphasis is given to novel strategies for process intensification, such as continuous or semi-continuous systems based on multicolumn technology, opening up process efficiency. Process understanding in the light of the pharmaceutical quality by design (QbD) initiative is also discussed. Finally, an outlook of the upcoming breakthrough technologies is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piergiuseppe Nestola
- Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781-901, Oeiras, Portugal; Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2780-157, Oeiras, Portugal
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21
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Nestola P, Martins DL, Peixoto C, Roederstein S, Schleuss T, Alves PM, Mota JPB, Carrondo MJT. Evaluation of novel large cut-off ultrafiltration membranes for adenovirus serotype 5 (Ad5) concentration. PLoS One 2014; 9:e115802. [PMID: 25546428 PMCID: PMC4278829 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0115802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2014] [Accepted: 11/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The purification of virus particles and viral vectors for vaccine and gene therapy applications is gaining increasing importance in order to deliver a fast, efficient, and reliable production process. Ultrafiltration (UF) is a widely employed unit operation in bioprocessing and its use is present in several steps of the downstream purification train of biopharmaceuticals. However, to date few studies have thoroughly investigated the performance of several membrane materials and cut-offs for virus concentration/diafiltration. The present study aimed at developing a novel class of UF cassettes for virus concentration/diafiltration. A detailed study was conducted to evaluate the effects of (i) membrane materials, namely polyethersulfone (PES), regenerated cellulose (RC), and highly cross-linked RC (xRC), (ii) nominal cut-off, and (iii) UF device geometry at different production scales. The results indicate that the xRC cassettes with a cut-off of approximately 500 kDa are able to achieve a 10-fold concentration factor with 100% recovery of particles with a process time twice as fast as that of a commercially available hollow fiber. DNA and host cell protein clearances, as well as hydraulic permeability and fouling behavior, were also assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piergiuseppe Nestola
- Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781-901, Oeiras, Portugal
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2780-157, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Duarte L. Martins
- Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781-901, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Cristina Peixoto
- Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781-901, Oeiras, Portugal
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2780-157, Oeiras, Portugal
| | | | - Tobias Schleuss
- Sartorius Stedim Biotech, Spindler-Strasse 11, 37079, Gottingen, Germany
| | - Paula M. Alves
- Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781-901, Oeiras, Portugal
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2780-157, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - José P. B. Mota
- Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781-901, Oeiras, Portugal
- Requimte/CQFB, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Manuel J. T. Carrondo
- Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781-901, Oeiras, Portugal
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal
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22
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Bo H, Chen J, Liang T, Li S, Shao H, Huang S. Chromatographic purification of adenoviral vectors on anion-exchange resins. Eur J Pharm Sci 2014; 67:119-125. [PMID: 25433247 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2014.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2014] [Revised: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 11/14/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Anion-exchange chromatography is a useful and effective tool for adenoviral vectors purification. However, due to the different functional groups and matrices, both binding capacity and resolution of most AEC resins are different. In this study, four different AEC resins are compared by the binding capacity, resolution and recovery. Using Fractogel TMAE as an adsorbent to purify adenoviral vectors has obvious advantages over the other resins, namely (1) dynamic binding capacity is higher than other resins; (2) unprecedented sharpness (1,570,000±250,000) and symmetry of adenoviral vectors peak (1.67±0.06); (3) higher resolution with other contaminants (2.16±0.08); (4) no enzymatic treatment; (5) the recovery can reach 75%; (6) the purity is higher and the total virion to infectious particle ratios can reach 18.9. In the present work, we confirmed the possibility of purifying pharmaceutical-grade adenoviral vectors by AEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaben Bo
- School of Bioscience and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Biotechnology Drug Candidates, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, 510006 Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Jun Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, 510006 Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Ting Liang
- School of Bioscience and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Biotechnology Drug Candidates, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, 510006 Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Senhai Li
- School of Bioscience and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Biotechnology Drug Candidates, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, 510006 Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Hongwei Shao
- School of Bioscience and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Biotechnology Drug Candidates, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, 510006 Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Shulin Huang
- School of Bioscience and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Biotechnology Drug Candidates, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, 510006 Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China.
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23
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Nestola P, Silva RJS, Peixoto C, Alves PM, Carrondo MJT, Mota JPB. Adenovirus purification by two-column, size-exclusion, simulated countercurrent chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1347:111-21. [PMID: 24813933 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.04.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2014] [Revised: 04/18/2014] [Accepted: 04/22/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Adenovirus serotype 5 (Ad5) was successfully separated by size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) using a simple, yet efficient, two-column, quasi-continuous, simulated moving-bed process operated in an open-loop configuration. The operating cycle is divided into two identical half-cycles, each of them consisting of the following sequence of sub-steps: (i) elution of the upstream column and direction of the effluent of the downstream column to waste; (ii) elution of the upstream column and redirection of its effluent to waste while the downstream column is fed with the clarified bioreaction bulk and its effluent collected as purified product; (iii) operation of the system as in step (i) but collecting the effluent of the downstream column as product; (iv) elution of the upstream column and direction of its effluent to waste while the flow through the downstream column is temporarily halted. Clearance of impurities, namely DNA and host cell protein (HCP), were experimentally assessed. The pilot-scale run yielded a virus recovery of 86%, and a clearance of 90% and 89% for DNA and HCP, respectively, without any fine tunning of the predetermined operating parameters. These figures compare very favorably against single-column batch chromatography for the same volume of size-exclusion resin. However, and most importantly, the virus yield was increased from 57% for the batch system to 86% for the two-column SEC process because of internal recycling of the mixed fractions of contaminated Ad5, even though the two-column process was operated strictly in an open-loop configuration. And last, but not least, the productivity was increased by 6-fold with the two-column process. In conclusion, the main drawbacks of size-exclusion chromatography, namely low productivity and low product titer, were overcome to a considerable extent by an innovative two-column configuration that keeps the mixed fractions inside the system at all times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piergiuseppe Nestola
- Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal; Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Ricardo J S Silva
- Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Cristina Peixoto
- Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Paula M Alves
- Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal; Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Manuel J T Carrondo
- Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal; Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal; Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - José P B Mota
- Requimte/CQFB, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica, Apartado 12, 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal
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24
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Vellinga J, Smith JP, Lipiec A, Majhen D, Lemckert A, van Ooij M, Ives P, Yallop C, Custers J, Havenga M. Challenges in Manufacturing Adenoviral Vectors for Global Vaccine Product Deployment. Hum Gene Ther 2014; 25:318-27. [DOI: 10.1089/hum.2014.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Paul Ives
- Crucell Holland BV, 2333CN Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Menzo Havenga
- Batavia Bioservices BV, 2333CK Leiden, The Netherlands
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25
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Shi B, Long X, Zhao R, Liu Z, Wang D, Xu G. Transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells carrying the human receptor activity-modifying protein 1 gene improves cardiac function and inhibits neointimal proliferation in the carotid angioplasty and myocardial infarction rabbit model. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2014; 239:356-65. [PMID: 24477823 DOI: 10.1177/1535370213517619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Although transplanting mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can improve cardiac function and contribute to endothelial recovery in a damaged artery, natural MSCs may induce neointimal hyperplasia by directly or indirectly acting on vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Receptor activity-modifying protein 1 (RAMP1) is the component and the determinant of ligand specificity of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP). It is recently reported that CGRP and its receptor involve the proliferation and the apoptosis in vivo and in vitro, and the exogenous RAMP1 enhances the antiproliferation effect of CGRP in VSMCs. Here, we investigated the effects of MSCs overexpressing the human receptor activity-modifying protein 1 (hRAMP1) on heart function and artery repair in rabbit models of myocardial infarction (MI) reperfusion and carotid artery injury. MSCs transfected with a recombinant adenovirus containing the hRAMP1 gene (EGFP-hRAMP1-MSCs) were injected into the rabbit models via the ear vein at 24 h after carotid artery injury and MI 7 days post-EGFP-hRAMP1-MSC transplantation. The cells that expressed both enhance green fluorescent protein (EGFP) and CD31 were detected in the neointima of the damaged artery via immunofluorescence. EGFP-hRAMP1 expression was observed in the injured artery and infarcted myocardium by western blot analysis, confirming that the engineered MSCs targeted the injured artery and infarcted myocardium and expressed hRAMP1 protein. Compared with the EGFP-MSCs group, the EGFP-hRAMP1-MSCs group had a significantly smaller infarcted area and improved cardiac function by 28 days after cell transplantation, as detected by triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining and echocardiography. Additionally, arterial hematoxylin-eosin staining revealed that the area of the neointima and the area ratio of intima/media were significantly decreased in the EGFP-hRAMP1-MSCs group. An immunohistological study showed that the expression of α-smooth muscle antigen and proliferating cell nuclear antigen in the neointima cells of the carotid artery of the EGFP-hRAMP1-MSCs group was approximately 50% lower than that of the EGFP-MSCs group, suggesting that hRAMP1 expression may inhibit VSMCs proliferation within the neointima. Therefore, compared with natural MSCs, EGFP-hRAMP1-engineered MSCs improved infarcted heart function and endothelial recovery from artery injury more efficiently, which will provide valuable information for the development of MSC-based therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei Shi
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical College, Zunyi City 563003, Guizhou Province, China
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26
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Riske F, Berard N, Albee K, Pan P, Henderson M, Adams K, Godwin S, Spear S. Development of a platform process for adenovirus purification that removes human SET and nucleolin and provides high purity vector for gene delivery. Biotechnol Bioeng 2013; 110:848-56. [PMID: 23042531 DOI: 10.1002/bit.24742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2012] [Revised: 08/23/2012] [Accepted: 09/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2023]
Abstract
The manufacturing of virus occurs at a modest scale in comparison to many therapeutic proteins mainly because a gene therapy dose is typically only µg of vector. Although modest in scale the generation of high purity virus is challenging due to low viral expression levels and the difficulties in adequately characterizing such a large and complex molecule. A 100 L bioreactor might produce only 100 mg of virus that must be separated from host and process impurities that are typically greater by several orders of magnitude. Furthermore, in the later purification stages the main milieu component is often virus at low concentration (µg/mL) which may non-specifically adsorb to purification surfaces resulting in a lowered virus recovery. This study describes our approach to develop a scalable, manufacturable robust process for an Adenovirus (Ad) gene therapy vector. A number of analytical tools were developed to guide the purification design. During process development, two human proteins, SET and nucleolin, were identified in viral preparations. To our knowledge, this is the first time that SET and nucleolin have been described in Ad. In this report we detail a process for their removal and the robust removal of all process, product and host cell impurities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Riske
- Department of Purification Development, Genzyme a Sanofi Company, Framingham, Massachusetts 01710, USA.
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27
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Bandeira VS, Peixoto C, Rodrigues AF, Cruz P, Alves P, Coroadinha AS, Carrondo M. Downstream Processing of Lentiviral Vectors: releasing bottlenecks. Hum Gene Ther Methods 2012. [DOI: 10.1089/hum.2012.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
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28
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Bandeira V, Peixoto C, Rodrigues AF, Cruz PE, Alves PM, Coroadinha AS, Carrondo MJT. Downstream Processing of Lentiviral Vectors: Releasing Bottlenecks. Hum Gene Ther Methods 2012; 23:255-63. [DOI: 10.1089/hgtb.2012.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Bandeira
- Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica (IBET), 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Cristina Peixoto
- Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica (IBET), 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Ana F. Rodrigues
- Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica (IBET), 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (ITQB-UNL), 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Pedro E. Cruz
- Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica (IBET), 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Paula M. Alves
- Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica (IBET), 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (ITQB-UNL), 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Ana S. Coroadinha
- Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica (IBET), 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (ITQB-UNL), 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Manuel J. T. Carrondo
- Instituto de Biologia Experimental e Tecnológica (IBET), 2781-901 Oeiras, Portugal
- Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (FCT-UNL), 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
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29
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30
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van de Waterbeemd B, Streefland M, van Keulen L, van den IJssel J, de Haan A, Eppink MH, van der Pol LA. Identification and optimization of critical process parameters for the production of NOMV vaccine against Neisseria meningitidis. Vaccine 2012; 30:3683-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2012.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2012] [Revised: 03/07/2012] [Accepted: 03/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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31
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Cho SK, Kwon YJ. Simultaneous gene transduction and silencing using stimuli-responsive viral/nonviral chimeric nanoparticles. Biomaterials 2012; 33:3316-23. [PMID: 22281425 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2012.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2011] [Accepted: 01/09/2012] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Despite viral vectors' predominant use in clinical trials, due to higher gene delivery efficiency than nonviral counterparts, intrinsic immunogenicity and limited tunability for multi-modal effects are major concerns for their usage in gene therapy. An adeno-associated viral (AAV) particle was shielded with acid-degradable, siRNA-encapsulating polyketal (PK) shell, resulting in core-shell viral/nonviral chimeric nanoparticles (ChNPs). The AAV core of a ChNP is protected from immune responses by the PK shell which also facilitates the intracellular trafficking of the AAV core and efficiently releases the encapsulated siRNA into the cytoplasm. ChNPs led to significantly enhanced gene transduction, compared to unmodified free AAVs, and simultaneous silencing of a target gene, while avoiding inactivation by recognition from the immune system. Furthermore, conjugation of sialic acid (SA) on the surface of ChNPs enabled receptor-mediated targeted gene delivery to CD22-expressing cells. The ChNPs developed in this study combine the advantages of both viral and nonviral vectors and are a promising platform for targeted co-delivery of DNA and siRNA in inducing synergistic therapeutic effects by simultaneous expression and silencing of multiple genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo Kyung Cho
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, United States
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Speir JA, Johnson JE. Nucleic acid packaging in viruses. Curr Opin Struct Biol 2012; 22:65-71. [PMID: 22277169 DOI: 10.1016/j.sbi.2011.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2011] [Revised: 11/08/2011] [Accepted: 11/09/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
We review recent literature describing protein nucleic acid interactions and nucleic acid organization in viruses. The nature of the viral genome determines its overall organization and its interactions with the capsid protein. Genomes composed of single strand (ss) RNA and DNA are highly flexible and, in some cases, adapt to the symmetry of the particle-forming protein to show repeated, sequence independent, nucleoprotein interactions. Genomes composed of double-stranded (ds) DNA do not interact strongly with the container due to their intrinsic stiffness, but form well-organized layers in virions. Assembly of virions with ssDNA and ssRNA genomes usually occurs through a cooperative condensation of the protein and genome, while dsDNA viruses usually pump the genome into a preformed capsid with a strong, virally encoded, molecular motor complex. We present data that suggest the packing density of ss genomes and ds genomes are comparable, but the latter exhibit far higher pressures due to their stiffness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey A Speir
- Department of Molecular Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States
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Abstract
Manufacturing of cell culture-derived virus particles for vaccination and gene therapy is a rapidly growing field in the biopharmaceutical industry. The process involves a number of complex tasks and unit operations ranging from selection of host cells and virus strains for the cultivation in bioreactors to the purification and formulation of the final product. For the majority of cell culture-derived products, efforts focused on maximization of bioreactor yields, whereas design and optimization of downstream processes were often neglected. Owing to this biased focus, downstream procedures today often constitute a bottleneck in various manufacturing processes and account for the majority of the overall production costs. For efficient production methods, particularly in sight of constantly increasing economic pressure within human healthcare systems, highly productive downstream schemes have to be developed. Here, we discuss unit operations and downstream trains to purify virus particles for use as vaccines and vectors for gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael W Wolf
- Bioprocess Engineering, Max Planck Institute for Dynamics of Complex Technical Systems, Sandtorstrasse 1, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany.
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He C, Yang Z, Tong K. Downstream processing of Vero cell-derived human influenza A virus (H1N1) grown in serum-free medium. J Chromatogr A 2011; 1218:5279-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.06.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2010] [Revised: 02/21/2011] [Accepted: 06/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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