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Ji N, Chen Z, Wang Z, Sun W, Yuan Q, Zhang X, Jia X, Wu J, Jiang J, Song M, Xu T, Liu Y, Ma Q, Sun Z, Bao Y, Zhang M, Huang M. LincR-PPP2R5C Promotes Th2 Cell Differentiation Through PPP2R5C/PP2A by Forming an RNA-DNA Triplex in Allergic Asthma. ALLERGY, ASTHMA & IMMUNOLOGY RESEARCH 2024; 16:71-90. [PMID: 38262392 PMCID: PMC10823138 DOI: 10.4168/aair.2024.16.1.71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The roles and mechanisms of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in T helper 2 (Th2) differentiation from allergic asthma are poorly understood. We aimed to explore a novel lncRNA, LincR-protein phosphatase 2 regulatory subunit B' gamma (PPP2R5C), in Th2 differentiation in a mouse model of asthma. METHODS LincR-PPP2R5C from RNA-seq data of CD4+ T cells of asthma-like mice were validated and confirmed by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, northern blotting, nuclear and cytoplasmic separation, and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Lentiviruses encoding LincR-PPP2R5C or shRNA were used to overexpress or silence LincR-PPP2R5C in CD4+ T cells. The interactions between LincR-PPP2R5C and PPP2R5C were explored with western blotting, chromatin isolation by RNA purification assay, and fluorescence resonance energy transfer. An ovalbumin-induced acute asthma model in knockout (KO) mice (LincR-PPP2R5C KO, CD4 conditional LincR-PPP2R5C KO) was established to explore the roles of LincR-PPP2R5C in Th2 differentiation. RESULTS LncR-PPP2R5C was significantly higher in CD4+ T cells from asthmatic mice ex vivo and Th2 cells in vitro. The lentivirus encoding LincR-PPP2R5C suppressed Th1 differentiation; in contrast, the short hairpin RNA (shRNA) lentivirus decreased LincR-PPP2R5C and Th2 differentiation. Mechanistically, LincR-PPP2R5C deficiency suppressed the phosphatase activity of the protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) holocomplex, resulting in a decline in Th2 differentiation. The formation of an RNA-DNA triplex between LincR-PPP2R5C and the PPP2R5C promoter enhanced PPP2R5C expression and activated PP2A. LincR-PPP2R5C KO and CD4 conditional KO decreased Th2 differentiation, airway hyperresponsiveness and inflammatory responses. CONCLUSIONS LincR-PPP2R5C regulated PPP2R5C expression and PP2A activity by forming an RNA-DNA triplex with the PPP2R5C promoter, leading to Th2 polarization in a mouse model of acute asthma. Our data presented the first definitive evidence of lncRNAs in the regulation of Th2 cells in asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningfei Ji
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhongqi Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhengxia Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Xishan People's Hospital of Wuxi City, Wuxi Branch of Zhongda Hospital Affiliate to Southeast University, Wuxi, China
| | - Qi Yuan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xijie Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinyu Jia
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jingjing Wu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jingxian Jiang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Meijuan Song
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tingting Xu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanan Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiyun Ma
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhixiao Sun
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanmin Bao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Mingshun Zhang
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Antibody Drugs, NHC Key Laboratory of Antibody Technique, Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Mao Huang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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Michels A, Frank AM, Günther DM, Mataei M, Börner K, Grimm D, Hartmann J, Buchholz CJ. Lentiviral and adeno-associated vectors efficiently transduce mouse T lymphocytes when targeted to murine CD8. MOLECULAR THERAPY-METHODS & CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT 2021; 23:334-347. [PMID: 34729380 PMCID: PMC8531454 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2021.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Preclinical studies on gene delivery into mouse lymphocytes are often hampered by insufficient activity of lentiviral (LV) and adeno-associated vectors (AAVs) as well as missing tools for cell type selectivity when considering in vivo gene therapy. Here, we selected designed ankyrin repeat proteins (DARPins) binding to murine CD8. The top-performing DARPin was displayed as targeting ligand on both vector systems. When used on engineered measles virus (MV) glycoproteins, the resulting mCD8-LV transduced CD8+ mouse lymphocytes with near-absolute (>99%) selectivity. Despite its lower functional titer, mCD8-LV achieved 4-fold higher gene delivery to CD8+ cells than conventional VSV-LV when added to whole mouse blood. Addition of mCD8-LV encoding a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) specific for mouse CD19 to splenocytes resulted in elimination of B lymphocytes and lymphoma cells. For display on AAV, the DARPin was inserted into the GH2-GH3 loop of the AAV2 capsid protein VP1, resulting in a DARPin-targeted AAV we termed DART-AAV. Stocks of mCD8-AAV contained similar genome copies as AAV2 but were >20-fold more active in gene delivery in mouse splenocytes, while exhibiting >99% specificity for CD8+ cells. These results suggest that receptor targeting can overcome blocks in transduction of mouse splenocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Michels
- Molecular Biotechnology and Gene Therapy, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, 63225 Langen, Germany
| | - Annika M Frank
- Division of Medical Biotechnology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, 63225 Langen, Germany
| | - Dorothee M Günther
- Molecular Biotechnology and Gene Therapy, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, 63225 Langen, Germany.,Fries Lab, Ernst Strüngmann Institute for Neuroscience, 60528 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Mehryad Mataei
- Molecular Biotechnology and Gene Therapy, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, 63225 Langen, Germany
| | - Kathleen Börner
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Faculty, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Dirk Grimm
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Medical Faculty, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF).,German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK)
| | - Jessica Hartmann
- Division of Medical Biotechnology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, 63225 Langen, Germany
| | - Christian J Buchholz
- Molecular Biotechnology and Gene Therapy, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, 63225 Langen, Germany.,Division of Medical Biotechnology, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, 63225 Langen, Germany
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3
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Marinopoulou E, Biga V, Sabherwal N, Miller A, Desai J, Adamson AD, Papalopulu N. HES1 protein oscillations are necessary for neural stem cells to exit from quiescence. iScience 2021; 24:103198. [PMID: 34703994 PMCID: PMC8524149 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Quiescence is a dynamic process of reversible cell cycle arrest. High-level persistent expression of the HES1 transcriptional repressor, which oscillates with an ultradian periodicity in proliferative neural stem cells (NSCs), is thought to mediate quiescence. However, it is not known whether this is due to a change in levels or dynamics. Here, we induce quiescence in embryonic NSCs with BMP4, which does not increase HES1 level, and we find that HES1 continues to oscillate. To assess the role of HES1 dynamics, we express persistent HES1 under a moderate strength promoter, which overrides the endogenous oscillations while maintaining the total HES1 level within physiological range. We find that persistent HES1 does not affect proliferation or entry into quiescence; however, exit from quiescence is impeded. Thus, oscillatory expression of HES1 is specifically required for NSCs to exit quiescence, a finding of potential importance for controlling reactivation of stem cells in tissue regeneration and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elli Marinopoulou
- Division of Developmental Biology and Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, M13 9PT Manchester, UK
| | - Veronica Biga
- Division of Developmental Biology and Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, M13 9PT Manchester, UK
| | - Nitin Sabherwal
- Division of Developmental Biology and Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, M13 9PT Manchester, UK
- Imagen Therapeutics, Unit 2 & 2a, Enterprise House, Lloyd Street North, M15 6SE Manchester, UK
| | - Anzy Miller
- Division of Developmental Biology and Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, M13 9PT Manchester, UK
| | - Jayni Desai
- Division of Developmental Biology and Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, M13 9PT Manchester, UK
| | - Antony D. Adamson
- Genome Editing Unit, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, M13 9PT Manchester, UK
| | - Nancy Papalopulu
- Division of Developmental Biology and Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, M13 9PT Manchester, UK
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Rad S. M. AH, Poudel A, Tan GMY, McLellan AD. Promoter choice: Who should drive the CAR in T cells? PLoS One 2020; 15:e0232915. [PMID: 32706785 PMCID: PMC7380635 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0232915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy is an effective treatment for B cell malignancies, with emerging potential for the treatment of other hematologic cancers and solid tumors. The strength of the promoter within the CAR cassette will alter CAR-polypeptide levels on the cell surface of the T cell-impacting on the kinetics of activation, survival and memory cell formation in T cells. In addition to the CAR, promoters can be used to drive other genes of interest to enhance CAR T cell function. Expressing multiple genes from a single RNA transcript can be effectively achieved by linking the genes via a ribosomal skip site. However, promoters may differ in their ability to transcribe longer RNAs, or could interfere with lentiviral production, or transduction frequencies. In this study we compared the ability of the strong well-characterized promoters CMV, EF-1, hPGK and RPBSA to drive functional expression of a single RNA encoding three products: GFP, CAR, plus an additional cell-survival gene, Mcl-1. Although the four promoters produced similarly high lentiviral titres, EF-1 gave the best transduction efficacy of primary T cells. Major differences were found in the ability of the promoters to drive expression of long RNA encoding GFP, CAR and Mcl-1, highlighting promoter choice as an important consideration for gene therapy applications requiring the expression of long and complex mRNA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aarati Poudel
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Grace Min Yi Tan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Alexander D. McLellan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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5
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Buck TM, Wijnholds J. Recombinant Adeno-Associated Viral Vectors (rAAV)-Vector Elements in Ocular Gene Therapy Clinical Trials and Transgene Expression and Bioactivity Assays. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E4197. [PMID: 32545533 PMCID: PMC7352801 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Inherited retinal dystrophies and optic neuropathies cause chronic disabling loss of visual function. The development of recombinant adeno-associated viral vectors (rAAV) gene therapies in all disease fields have been promising, but the translation to the clinic has been slow. The safety and efficacy profiles of rAAV are linked to the dose of applied vectors. DNA changes in the rAAV gene cassette affect potency, the expression pattern (cell-specificity), and the production yield. Here, we present a library of rAAV vectors and elements that provide a workflow to design novel vectors. We first performed a meta-analysis on recombinant rAAV elements in clinical trials (2007-2020) for ocular gene therapies. We analyzed 33 unique rAAV gene cassettes used in 57 ocular clinical trials. The rAAV gene therapy vectors used six unique capsid variants, 16 different promoters, and six unique polyadenylation sequences. Further, we compiled a list of promoters, enhancers, and other sequences used in current rAAV gene cassettes in preclinical studies. Then, we give an update on pro-viral plasmid backbones used to produce the gene therapy vectors, inverted terminal repeats, production yield, and rAAV safety considerations. Finally, we assess rAAV transgene and bioactivity assays applied to cells or organoids in vitro, explants ex vivo, and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thilo M. Buck
- Department of Ophthalmology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), 2333 ZC Leiden, The Netherlands;
| | - Jan Wijnholds
- Department of Ophthalmology, Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), 2333 ZC Leiden, The Netherlands;
- Netherlands Institute of Neuroscience, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), 1105 BA Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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6
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Lie-A-Ling M, Marinopoulou E, Lilly AJ, Challinor M, Patel R, Lancrin C, Kouskoff V, Lacaud G. Regulation of RUNX1 dosage is crucial for efficient blood formation from hemogenic endothelium. Development 2018; 145:dev149419. [PMID: 29530939 PMCID: PMC5868988 DOI: 10.1242/dev.149419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
During ontogeny, hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells arise from hemogenic endothelium through an endothelial-to-hematopoietic transition that is strictly dependent on the transcription factor RUNX1. Although it is well established that RUNX1 is essential for the onset of hematopoiesis, little is known about the role of RUNX1 dosage specifically in hemogenic endothelium and during the endothelial-to-hematopoietic transition. Here, we used the mouse embryonic stem cell differentiation system to determine if and how RUNX1 dosage affects hemogenic endothelium differentiation. The use of inducible Runx1 expression combined with alterations in the expression of the RUNX1 co-factor CBFβ allowed us to evaluate a wide range of RUNX1 levels. We demonstrate that low RUNX1 levels are sufficient and necessary to initiate an effective endothelial-to-hematopoietic transition. Subsequently, RUNX1 is also required to complete the endothelial-to-hematopoietic transition and to generate functional hematopoietic precursors. In contrast, elevated levels of RUNX1 are able to drive an accelerated endothelial-to-hematopoietic transition, but the resulting cells are unable to generate mature hematopoietic cells. Together, our results suggest that RUNX1 dosage plays a pivotal role in hemogenic endothelium maturation and the establishment of the hematopoietic system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Lie-A-Ling
- Stem Cell Biology Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Manchester M20 4BX, UK
| | - Elli Marinopoulou
- Stem Cell Biology Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Manchester M20 4BX, UK
| | - Andrew J Lilly
- Stem Cell Hematopoiesis, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Manchester M20 4BX, UK
| | - Mairi Challinor
- Stem Cell Biology Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Manchester M20 4BX, UK
| | - Rahima Patel
- Stem Cell Biology Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Manchester M20 4BX, UK
| | - Christophe Lancrin
- EMBL Rome, Epigenetics and Neurobiology Unit, Campus Adriano Buzzati-Traverso Via Ramarini 32, 00015 Monterotondo, Italy
| | - Valerie Kouskoff
- Stem Cell Hematopoiesis, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Manchester M20 4BX, UK
| | - Georges Lacaud
- Stem Cell Biology Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Manchester M20 4BX, UK
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7
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Eliades A, Wareing S, Marinopoulou E, Fadlullah MZH, Patel R, Grabarek JB, Plusa B, Lacaud G, Kouskoff V. The Hemogenic Competence of Endothelial Progenitors Is Restricted by Runx1 Silencing during Embryonic Development. Cell Rep 2016; 15:2185-2199. [PMID: 27239041 PMCID: PMC4906370 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2015] [Revised: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
It is now well-established that hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and progenitor cells originate from a specialized subset of endothelium, termed hemogenic endothelium (HE), via an endothelial-to-hematopoietic transition. However, the molecular mechanisms determining which endothelial progenitors possess this hemogenic potential are currently unknown. Here, we investigated the changes in hemogenic potential in endothelial progenitors at the early stages of embryonic development. Using an ETV2::GFP reporter mouse to isolate emerging endothelial progenitors, we observed a dramatic decrease in hemogenic potential between embryonic day (E)7.5 and E8.5. At the molecular level, Runx1 is expressed at much lower levels in E8.5 intra-embryonic progenitors, while Bmi1 expression is increased. Remarkably, the ectopic expression of Runx1 in these progenitors fully restores their hemogenic potential, as does the suppression of BMI1 function. Altogether, our data demonstrate that hemogenic competency in recently specified endothelial progenitors is restrained through the active silencing of Runx1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexia Eliades
- Cancer Research UK Stem Cell Hematopoiesis Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester M20 4BX, UK
| | - Sarah Wareing
- Cancer Research UK Stem Cell Hematopoiesis Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester M20 4BX, UK
| | - Elli Marinopoulou
- Cancer Research UK Stem Cell Biology Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester M20 4BX, UK
| | - Muhammad Z H Fadlullah
- Cancer Research UK Stem Cell Hematopoiesis Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester M20 4BX, UK
| | - Rahima Patel
- Cancer Research UK Stem Cell Biology Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester M20 4BX, UK
| | - Joanna B Grabarek
- Faculty of Life Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Berenika Plusa
- Faculty of Life Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
| | - Georges Lacaud
- Cancer Research UK Stem Cell Biology Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester M20 4BX, UK.
| | - Valerie Kouskoff
- Cancer Research UK Stem Cell Hematopoiesis Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester M20 4BX, UK.
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8
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Largeot A, Perez-Campo FM, Marinopoulou E, Lie-a-Ling M, Kouskoff V, Lacaud G. Expression of the MOZ-TIF2 oncoprotein in mice represses senescence. Exp Hematol 2016; 44:231-7.e4. [PMID: 26854485 PMCID: PMC4819447 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2015.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Revised: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 12/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The MOZ-TIF2 translocation, which fuses monocytic leukemia zinc finger protein (MOZ) histone acetyltransferase (HAT) with the nuclear co-activator TIF2, is associated with the development of acute myeloid leukemia. We recently found that in the absence of MOZ HAT activity, p16(INK4a) transcriptional levels are significantly increased, triggering an early entrance into replicative senescence. Because oncogenic fusion proteins must bypass cellular safeguard mechanisms, such as senescence and apoptosis, to induce leukemia, we hypothesized that this repressive activity of MOZ over p16(INK4a) transcription could be preserved, or even reinforced, in MOZ leukemogenic fusion proteins, such as MOZ-TIF2. We describe here that, indeed, MOZ-TIF2 silences expression of the CDKN2A locus (p16(INK4a) and p19(ARF)), inhibits the triggering of senescence and enhances proliferation, providing conditions favorable to the development of leukemia. Furthermore, we describe that abolishing the MOZ HAT activity of the fusion protein leads to a significant increase in expression of the CDKN2A locus and the number of hematopoietic progenitors undergoing senescence. Finally, we report that inhibition of senescence by MOZ-TIF2 is associated with increased apoptosis, suggesting a role for the fusion protein in p53 apoptosis-versus-senescence balance. Our results underscore the importance of the HAT activity of MOZ, preserved in the fusion protein, for repression of the CDKN2A locus transcription and the subsequent block of senescence, a necessary step for the survival of leukemic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Largeot
- Cancer Research UK Stem Cell Biology Group, CR-UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Flor Maria Perez-Campo
- Cancer Research UK Stem Cell Biology Group, CR-UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
| | - Elli Marinopoulou
- Cancer Research UK Stem Cell Biology Group, CR-UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Michael Lie-a-Ling
- Cancer Research UK Stem Cell Biology Group, CR-UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Valerie Kouskoff
- Cancer Research UK Stem Cell Hematopoiesis Group, CR-UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Georges Lacaud
- Cancer Research UK Stem Cell Biology Group, CR-UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
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9
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Pros and Cons of Antigen-Presenting Cell Targeted Tumor Vaccines. J Immunol Res 2015; 2015:785634. [PMID: 26583156 PMCID: PMC4637118 DOI: 10.1155/2015/785634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2015] [Revised: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In therapeutic antitumor vaccination, dendritic cells play the leading role since they decide if, how, when, and where a potent antitumor immune response will take place. Since the disentanglement of the complexity and merit of different antigen-presenting cell subtypes, antitumor immunotherapeutic research started to investigate the potential benefit of targeting these subtypes in situ. This review will discuss which antigen-presenting cell subtypes are at play and how they have been targeted and finally question the true meaning of targeting antitumor-based vaccines.
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10
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Capaldo CT, Farkas AE, Hilgarth RS, Krug SM, Wolf MF, Benedik JK, Fromm M, Koval M, Parkos C, Nusrat A. Proinflammatory cytokine-induced tight junction remodeling through dynamic self-assembly of claudins. Mol Biol Cell 2014; 25:2710-9. [PMID: 25031428 PMCID: PMC4161507 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e14-02-0773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial barriers are vital components of the innate immune system. This barrier is provided by tight junctions and compromised by proinflammatory cytokine signaling. Study of claudin 4 live-cell protein dynamics shows that tight junctions are self-assembling systems that undergo remodeling through heterotypic claudin incompatibility. Tight junctions (TJs) are dynamic, multiprotein intercellular adhesive contacts that provide a vital barrier function in epithelial tissues. TJs are remodeled during physiological development and pathological mucosal inflammation, and differential expression of the claudin family of TJ proteins determines epithelial barrier properties. However, the molecular mechanisms involved in TJ remodeling are incompletely understood. Using acGFP-claudin 4 as a biosensor of TJ remodeling, we observed increased claudin 4 fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) dynamics in response to inflammatory cytokines. Interferon γ and tumor necrosis factor α increased the proportion of mobile claudin 4 in the TJ. Up-regulation of claudin 4 protein rescued these mobility defects and cytokine-induced barrier compromise. Furthermore, claudins 2 and 4 have reciprocal effects on epithelial barrier function, exhibit differential FRAP dynamics, and compete for residency within the TJ. These findings establish a model of TJs as self-assembling systems that undergo remodeling in response to proinflammatory cytokines through a mechanism of heterotypic claudin-binding incompatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher T Capaldo
- Epithelial Pathobiology and Mucosal Inflammation Research Unit, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Attila E Farkas
- Epithelial Pathobiology and Mucosal Inflammation Research Unit, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Roland S Hilgarth
- Epithelial Pathobiology and Mucosal Inflammation Research Unit, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Susanne M Krug
- Institute of Clinical Physiology Charité, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Freie Universität and Humboldt-Universität, 12200 Berlin, Germany
| | - Mattie F Wolf
- Epithelial Pathobiology and Mucosal Inflammation Research Unit, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Jeremy K Benedik
- Epithelial Pathobiology and Mucosal Inflammation Research Unit, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Michael Fromm
- Institute of Clinical Physiology Charité, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Freie Universität and Humboldt-Universität, 12200 Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Koval
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Charles Parkos
- Epithelial Pathobiology and Mucosal Inflammation Research Unit, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Asma Nusrat
- Epithelial Pathobiology and Mucosal Inflammation Research Unit, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322
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11
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Genetic engineering of murine CD8+ and CD4+ T cells for preclinical adoptive immunotherapy studies. J Immunother 2011; 34:343-52. [PMID: 21499127 DOI: 10.1097/cji.0b013e3182187600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
T-cell receptor (TCR) gene therapy enables for the rapid creation of antigen-specific T cells from mice of any strain and represents a valuable tool for preclinical immunotherapy studies. Here, we describe the superiority of γ-retroviral vectors compared with lentiviral vectors for transduction of murine T cells and surprisingly illustrate robust gene-transfer into phenotypically naive/memory-stem cell like (TN/TSCM; CD62L(hi)/CD44(low)) and central memory (TCM; CD62L(hi)/CD44(hi)) CD8+ T cells using murine stem cell-based γ-retroviral vectors (MSGV1). We created MSGV1 vectors for a major histocompatibility complex-class I-restricted TCR specific for the melanocyte-differentiation antigen, glycoprotein 100 (MSGV1-pmel-1), and a major histocompatibility complex-class II-restricted TCR specific for tyrosinase-related protein-1 (MSGV1-TRP-1), and found that robust gene expression required codon optimization of TCR sequences for the pmel-1 TCR. To test for functionality, we adoptively transferred TCR-engineered T cells into mice bearing B16 melanomas and observed delayed growth of established tumors with pmel-1 TCR engineered CD8+ T cells and significant tumor regression with TRP-1 TCR transduced CD4 T cells. We simultaneously created lentiviral vectors encoding the pmel-1 TCR, but found that these vectors mediated low TCR expression in murine T cells, but robust gene expression in other murine and human cell lines. These results indicate that preclinical murine models of adoptive immunotherapies are more practical using γ-retroviral rather than lentiviral vectors.
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Mondino A, Dardalhon V, Hess Michelini R, Loisel-Meyer S, Taylor N. Redirecting the immune response: role of adoptive T cell therapy. Hum Gene Ther 2010; 21:533-41. [PMID: 20201627 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2010.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Adoptive T cell therapy is aimed at overcoming constraints of the endogenous immune response. In patients with malignancies, this approach is based on the possibility of administering sufficient numbers of tumor-reactive lymphocytes under conditions in which they will promote a therapeutic response. Although this strategy is potentially applicable to a vast number of malignancies, its efficacy, to date, has been limited. This is likely related to several factors including an insufficient persistence and reactivation of infused cells, insufficient tumor infiltration, and the presence of an immunosuppressive environment. Here, we review the importance of pretransplantation host conditioning and posttransplantation strategies that have been shown to contribute to the therapeutic efficacy of infused T lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Mondino
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation, and Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy.
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