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Evaluation of a Novel Oncolytic Adenovirus Silencing SYVN1. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315430. [PMID: 36499754 PMCID: PMC9737683 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic adenoviruses are promising new anticancer agents. To realize their full anticancer potential, they are being engineered to express therapeutic payloads. Tumor suppressor p53 function contributes to oncolytic adenovirus activity. Many cancer cells carry an intact TP53 gene but express p53 inhibitors that compromise p53 function. Therefore, we hypothesized that oncolytic adenoviruses could be made more effective by suppressing p53 inhibitors in selected cancer cells. To investigate this concept, we attenuated the expression of the established p53 inhibitor synoviolin (SYVN1) in A549 lung cancer cells by RNA interference. Silencing SYVN1 inhibited p53 degradation, thereby increasing p53 activity, and promoted adenovirus-induced A549 cell death. Based on these observations, we constructed a new oncolytic adenovirus that expresses a short hairpin RNA against SYVN1. This virus killed A549 cells more effectively in vitro and inhibited A549 xenograft tumor growth in vivo. Surprisingly, increased susceptibility to adenovirus-mediated cell killing by SYVN1 silencing was also observed in A549 TP53 knockout cells. Hence, while the mechanism of SYVN1-mediated inhibition of adenovirus replication is not fully understood, our results clearly show that RNA interference technology can be exploited to design more potent oncolytic adenoviruses.
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Brachtlova T, van Beusechem VW. Unleashing the Full Potential of Oncolytic Adenoviruses against Cancer by Applying RNA Interference: The Force Awakens. Cells 2018; 7:cells7120228. [PMID: 30477117 PMCID: PMC6315459 DOI: 10.3390/cells7120228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic virus therapy of cancer is an actively pursued field of research. Viruses that were once considered as pathogens threatening the wellbeing of humans and animals alike are with every passing decade more prominently regarded as vehicles for genetic and oncolytic therapies. Oncolytic viruses kill cancer cells, sparing healthy tissues, and provoke an anticancer immune response. Among these viruses, recombinant adenoviruses are particularly attractive agents for oncolytic immunotherapy of cancer. Different approaches are currently examined to maximize their therapeutic effect. Here, knowledge of virus–host interactions may lead the way. In this regard, viral and host microRNAs are of particular interest. In addition, cellular factors inhibiting viral replication or dampening immune responses are being discovered. Therefore, applying RNA interference is an attractive approach to strengthen the anticancer efficacy of oncolytic viruses gaining attention in recent years. RNA interference can be used to fortify the virus’ cancer cell-killing and immune-stimulating properties and to suppress cellular pathways to cripple the tumor. In this review, we discuss different ways of how RNA interference may be utilized to increase the efficacy of oncolytic adenoviruses, to reveal their full potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tereza Brachtlova
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Victor W van Beusechem
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Medical Oncology, Cancer Center Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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3
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Lu J, Guan S, Zhao Y, Yu Y, Wang Y, Shi Y, Mao X, Yang KL, Sun W, Xu X, Yi JS, Yang T, Yang J, Nuchtern JG. Novel MDM2 inhibitor SAR405838 (MI-773) induces p53-mediated apoptosis in neuroblastoma. Oncotarget 2018; 7:82757-82769. [PMID: 27764791 PMCID: PMC5347730 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroblastoma (NB), which accounts for about 15% of cancer-related mortality in children, is the most common childhood extracranial malignant tumor. In NB, somatic mutations of the tumor suppressor, p53, are exceedingly rare. Unlike in adult tumors, the majority of p53 downstream functions are still intact in NB cells with wild-type p53. Thus, restoring p53 function by blocking its interaction with p53 suppressors such as MDM2 is a viable therapeutic strategy for NB treatment. Herein, we show that MDM2 inhibitor SAR405838 is a potent therapeutic drug for NB. SAR405838 caused significantly decreased cell viability of p53 wild-type NB cells and induced p53-mediated apoptosis, as well as augmenting the cytotoxic effects of doxorubicin (Dox). In an in vivo orthotopic NB mouse model, SAR405838 induced apoptosis in NB tumor cells. In summary, our data strongly suggest that MDM2-specific inhibitors like SAR405838 may serve not only as a stand-alone therapy, but also as an effective adjunct to current chemotherapeutic regimens for treating NB with an intact MDM2-p53 axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxiong Lu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China.,Texas Children's Cancer Center, Department of Pediatrics, Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Shan Guan
- Texas Children's Cancer Center, Department of Pediatrics, Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yanling Zhao
- Texas Children's Cancer Center, Department of Pediatrics, Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yang Yu
- Texas Children's Cancer Center, Department of Pediatrics, Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Division of Pediatric Surgery, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Pediatric Surgery, Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Yongfeng Wang
- Texas Children's Cancer Center, Department of Pediatrics, Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yonghua Shi
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Department of Pathology, Basic Medicine College of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830011, China
| | - Xinfang Mao
- Texas Children's Cancer Center, Department of Pediatrics, Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830046, China
| | - Kristine L Yang
- Texas Children's Cancer Center, Department of Pediatrics, Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Wenjing Sun
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Pediatric Surgery, Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Xin Xu
- Texas Children's Cancer Center, Department of Pediatrics, Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Joanna S Yi
- Texas Children's Cancer Center, Department of Pediatrics, Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Tianshu Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Jianhua Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200072, China.,Texas Children's Cancer Center, Department of Pediatrics, Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jed G Nuchtern
- Texas Children's Cancer Center, Department of Pediatrics, Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.,Division of Pediatric Surgery, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Pediatric Surgery, Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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4
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Abstract
Oncolytic virus (OV) therapy utilizes replication-competent viruses to kill cancer cells, leaving non-malignant cells unharmed. With the first U.S. Food and Drug Administration-approved OV, dozens of clinical trials ongoing, and an abundance of translational research in the field, OV therapy is poised to be one of the leading treatments for cancer. A number of recombinant OVs expressing a transgene for p53 (TP53) or another p53 family member (TP63 or TP73) were engineered with the goal of generating more potent OVs that function synergistically with host immunity and/or other therapies to reduce or eliminate tumor burden. Such transgenes have proven effective at improving OV therapies, and basic research has shown mechanisms of p53-mediated enhancement of OV therapy, provided optimized p53 transgenes, explored drug-OV combinational treatments, and challenged canonical roles for p53 in virus-host interactions and tumor suppression. This review summarizes studies combining p53 gene therapy with replication-competent OV therapy, reviews preclinical and clinical studies with replication-deficient gene therapy vectors expressing p53 transgene, examines how wild-type p53 and p53 modifications affect OV replication and anti-tumor effects of OV therapy, and explores future directions for rational design of OV therapy combined with p53 gene therapy.
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5
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Takenouchi A, Saito K, Saito E, Saito T, Hishiki T, Matsunaga T, Isegawa N, Yoshida H, Ohnuma N, Shirasawa H. Oncolytic viral therapy for neuroblastoma cells with Sindbis virus AR339 strain. Pediatr Surg Int 2015; 31:1151-9. [PMID: 26298056 DOI: 10.1007/s00383-015-3784-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE With current treatment regimens, high-risk neuroblastoma (NB) remains largely incurable. Oncolytic viral therapy uses replication-competent viruses, like Sindbis virus (SINV), to kill cancers. The SINV AR339 strain is blood borne and relatively non-virulent. We evaluated the feasibility of SINV AR339 for treating human NB. METHODS The cytotoxicity and viral growth of SINV AR339 were evaluated for five human NB cell lines, SK-N-SH, IMR-32, LAN-5, GOTO, and RT-BM-1. SINV-induced apoptosis was confirmed by TUNEL assays and PARP-1 cleavage. In vivo effects of SINV on neuroblastoma cell xenografts in nude mice were assessed by intratumoral or intravenous SINV inoculation. RESULTS In five human NB cell lines, SINV infections induced remarkable cytotoxicity. The mRNA expressions of anti-apoptotic genes, Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL, in LAN-5 and RT-BM-1, which were less sensitive to SINV infection, increased in response to SINV infection, while the other NB cell lines sensitive to SINV infection failed to respond. In nude mice, intratumoral and intravenous SINV inoculations caused significant regression of NB xenograft tumors. CONCLUSION Our results suggested that SINV AR339 was significantly oncolytic against human NB. Thus, SINV showed promise as a novel therapy for treating NB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayako Takenouchi
- Molecular Virology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuou-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan.,Pediatric Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuou-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Kengo Saito
- Molecular Virology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuou-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Eriko Saito
- Molecular Virology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuou-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan.,Pediatric Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuou-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Takeshi Saito
- Pediatric Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuou-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Tomoro Hishiki
- Pediatric Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuou-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Tadashi Matsunaga
- Pediatric Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuou-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Naohisa Isegawa
- Laboratory Animal Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuou-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Hideo Yoshida
- Pediatric Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuou-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Naomi Ohnuma
- Pediatric Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuou-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shirasawa
- Molecular Virology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuou-ku, Chiba, 260-8670, Japan.
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6
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Petit A, Delaune A, Falluel-Morel A, Goullé JP, Vannier JP, Dubus I, Vasse M. Importance of ERK activation in As2O3-induced differentiation and promyelocytic leukemia nuclear bodies formation in neuroblastoma cells. Pharmacol Res 2013; 77:11-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2013.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2013] [Revised: 08/13/2013] [Accepted: 08/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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7
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WANG XIAOBIN, MA ZHIKUN, XIAO ZHENG, LIU HUI, DOU ZHONGLING, FENG XIAOSHAN, SHI HAIJUN. Chk1 knockdown confers radiosensitization in prostate cancer stem cells. Oncol Rep 2012; 28:2247-54. [DOI: 10.3892/or.2012.2068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2012] [Accepted: 09/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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8
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Friedman GK, Cassady KA, Beierle EA, Markert JM, Gillespie GY. Targeting pediatric cancer stem cells with oncolytic virotherapy. Pediatr Res 2012; 71:500-10. [PMID: 22430386 PMCID: PMC3607376 DOI: 10.1038/pr.2011.58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs), also termed "cancer-initiating cells" or "cancer progenitor cells," which have the ability to self-renew, proliferate, and maintain the neoplastic clone, have recently been discovered in a wide variety of pediatric tumors. These CSCs are thought to be responsible for tumorigenesis and tumor maintenance, aggressiveness, and recurrence due to inherent resistance to current treatment modalities such as chemotherapy and radiation. Oncolytic virotherapy offers a novel, targeted approach for eradicating pediatric CSCs using mechanisms of cell killing that differ from conventional therapies. Moreover, oncolytic viruses have the ability to target specific features of CSCs such as cell-surface proteins, transcription factors, and the CSC microenvironment. Through genetic engineering, a wide variety of foreign genes may be expressed by oncolytic viruses to augment the oncolytic effect. We review the current data regarding the ability of several types of oncolytic viruses (herpes simplex virus-1, adenovirus, reovirus, Seneca Valley virus, vaccinia virus, Newcastle disease virus, myxoma virus, vesicular stomatitis virus) to target and kill both CSCs and tumor cells in pediatric tumors. We highlight advantages and limitations of each virus and potential ways in which next-generation engineered viruses may target resilient CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory K. Friedman
- Department of Pediatrics [G.K.F., K.A.C.], University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233
| | - Kevin A. Cassady
- Department of Pediatrics [G.K.F., K.A.C.], University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233
| | - Elizabeth A. Beierle
- Department of Surgery [E.A.B, J.M.M., G.Y.G], University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233
| | - James M. Markert
- Department of Surgery [E.A.B, J.M.M., G.Y.G], University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233
| | - G. Yancey Gillespie
- Department of Surgery [E.A.B, J.M.M., G.Y.G], University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233
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9
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Adenovirus with hexon Tat-protein transduction domain modification exhibits increased therapeutic effect in experimental neuroblastoma and neuroendocrine tumors. J Virol 2011; 85:13114-23. [PMID: 21957304 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.05759-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Adenovirus serotype 5 (Ad5) is widely used as an oncolytic agent for cancer therapy. However, its infectivity is highly dependent on the expression level of coxsackievirus-adenovirus receptor (CAR) on the surfaces of tumor cells. Furthermore, infected cells overproduce adenovirus fiber proteins, which are released prior to cell lysis. The released fibers block CAR on noninfected neighboring cells, thereby preventing progeny virus entry. Our aim was to add a CAR-independent infection route to Ad5 to increase the infectivity of tumor cells with low CAR expression and prevent the fiber-masking problem. We constructed Ad5 viruses that encode the protein transduction domain (PTD) of the HIV-1 Tat protein (Tat-PTD) in hypervariable region 5 (HVR5) of the hexon protein. Tat-PTD functions as a cell-penetrating peptide, and Tat-PTD-modified Ad5 showed a dramatic increased transduction of CAR-negative cell lines compared to unmodified vector. Moreover, while tumor cell infectivity was severely reduced for Ad5 in the presence of fiber proteins, it was only marginally reduced for Tat-PTD-modified Ad5. Furthermore, because of the sequence alteration in the hexon HVR, coagulation factor X-mediated virus uptake was significantly reduced. Mice harboring human neuroblastoma and neuroendocrine tumors show suppressed tumor growths and prolonged survival when treated with Tat-PTD-modified oncolytic viruses. Our data suggest that modification of Ad5 with Tat-PTD in HVR5 expands its utility as an oncolytic agent.
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10
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Bellanti F, Kågedal B, Della Pasqua O. Do pharmacokinetic polymorphisms explain treatment failure in high-risk patients with neuroblastoma? Eur J Clin Pharmacol 2011; 67 Suppl 1:87-107. [PMID: 21287160 PMCID: PMC3112027 DOI: 10.1007/s00228-010-0966-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2010] [Accepted: 11/27/2010] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Neuroblastoma is the most common extracranial solid tumour in childhood. It accounts for 15% of all paediatric oncology deaths. In the last few decades, improvement in treatment outcome for high-risk patients has not occurred, with an overall survival rate <30-40%. Many reasons may account for such a low survival rate. The aim of this review is to evaluate whether pharmacogenetic factors can explain treatment failure in neuroblastoma. METHODS A literature search based on PubMed's database Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) was performed to retrieve all pertinent publications on current treatment options and new classes of drugs under investigation. One hundred and fifty-eight articles wer reviewed, and relevant data were extracted and summarised. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Few of the large number of polymorphisms identified thus far showed an effect on pharmacokinetics that could be considered clinically relevant. Despite their clinical relevance, none of the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) investigated can explain treatment failure. These findings seem to reflect the clinical context in which anti-tumour drugs are used, i.e. in combination with multimodal therapy. In addition, many pharmacogenetic studies did not assess (differences in) drug exposure, which could contribute to explaining pharmacogenetic associations. Furthermore, it remains unclear whether the significant activity of new drugs on different neuroblastoma cell lines translates into clinical efficacy, irrespective of resistance or myelocytomatosis viral related oncogene, neuroblastoma derived (MYCN) amplification. Elucidation of the clinical role of pharmacogenetic factors in the treatment of neuroblastoma demands an integrated pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic approach to the analysis of treatment response data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Bellanti
- Division of Pharmacology, Leiden/Amsterdam Center for Drug Research, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Idema S, Dirven CMF, van Beusechem VW, Carette JE, Planqué R, Noske DP, Lamfers MLM, Vandertop WP. Objective determination of the oncolytic potency of conditionally-replicating adenoviruses using mathematical modeling. J Gene Med 2010; 12:564-71. [DOI: 10.1002/jgm.1468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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12
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Abstract
Conditionally replicating adenoviruses (CRAds) have many advantages as agents for cancer virotherapy and have been safely used in human clinical trials. However, replicating adenoviruses have been limited in their ability to eliminate tumors by oncolysis. Thus, the efficacy of these agents must be improved. To this end, CRAds have been engineered to express therapeutic transgenes that exert antitumor effects independent of direct viral oncolysis. These transgenes can be expressed under native gene control elements, in which case placement within the genome determines the expression profile, or they can be controlled by exogenous promoters. The therapeutic transgenes used to arm replicating adenoviruses can be broadly classified into three groups. There are those that mediate killing of the infected cell, those that modulate the tumor microenvironment and those with immunomodulatory functions. Overall, the studies to date in animal models have shown that arming a CRAd with a rationally chosen therapeutic transgene can improve its antitumor efficacy over that of an unarmed CRAd. However, a number of obstacles must be overcome before the full potential of armed CRAds can be realized in the human clinical context. Hence, strategies are being developed to permit intravenous delivery to disseminated cancer cells, overcome the immune response and enable in vivo monitoring of the biodistribution and activity of armed CRAds.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Cody
- Division of Human Gene Therapy, Department of Medicine, Gene Therapy Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
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13
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Sagawa T, Yamada Y, Takahashi M, Sato Y, Kobune M, Takimoto R, Fukaura J, Iyama S, Sato T, Miyanishi K, Matsunaga T, Takayama T, Kato J, Sasaki K, Hamada H, Niitsu Y. Treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma by AdAFPep/rep, AdAFPep/p53, and 5-fluorouracil in mice. Hepatology 2008; 48:828-40. [PMID: 18756484 DOI: 10.1002/hep.22420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Although conditionally replicable adenovirus (CRAd) has been used in the clinical treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), it suffers from the inherent drawback of having relatively low antitumor activity. Here, we have sought to overcome this drawback. First, we combined CRAd (AdAFPep/Rep) driven by alpha-fetoprotein enhancer/promoter (AFPep) with a replication-incompetent adenovirus carrying a p53 transgene that is also driven by AFPep. The synergism of this combination produced a significantly improved tumoricidal effect on the human HCC cell line Hep3B, which has a relatively short doubling time in comparison with other human HCC cell lines, through the transactivation of p53 by early region 1A transcribed by AdAFPep/Rep. This synergistic interaction was augmented by the addition of a subtumoricidal dose (0.5 microg/mL) of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), which enhanced p53 expression and facilitated the release of virions from tumor cells. When relatively large (10-mm-diameter) Hep3B tumors grown in nude mice were injected with the two viruses in combination, they showed significantly impaired growth in comparison with those treated with each virus separately. The growth suppression effect of the virus combination was enhanced by a low dose (600 microg) of 5-FU. Survival of the tumor-bearing mice treated with these three agents was significantly longer than that of control mice. Moreover, the tumor completely disappeared with the repeated injection of these agents. CONCLUSION This combination strategy holds promise for the treatment of relatively large and rapidly growing HCCs that may be encountered clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamotsu Sagawa
- Fourth Department of Internal Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
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14
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Yang ZR, Wang HF, Zhao J, Peng YY, Wang J, Guinn BA, Huang LQ. Recent developments in the use of adenoviruses and immunotoxins in cancer gene therapy. Cancer Gene Ther 2007; 14:599-615. [PMID: 17479105 DOI: 10.1038/sj.cgt.7701054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Despite setbacks in the past and apparent hurdles ahead, gene therapy is advancing toward reality. The past several years have witnessed this new field of biomedicine developing rapidly both in breadth and depth, especially for the treatment of cancer, thanks largely to the better understanding of molecular and genetic basis of oncogenesis and the development of new and improved vectors and technologies for gene delivery and targeting. This article is intended to provide a brief review of recent advances in cancer gene therapy using adenoviruses, both as vectors and as oncolytic agents, and some of the recent progress in the development of immunotoxins for use in cancer gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z R Yang
- Center for Biotech & BioMedicine and Division of Life Sciences, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China
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15
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Carette JE, Graat HCA, Schagen FHE, Mastenbroek DCJ, Rots MG, Haisma HJ, Groothuis GMM, Schaap GR, Bras J, Kaspers GJL, Wuisman PIJM, Gerritsen WR, van Beusechem VW. A conditionally replicating adenovirus with strict selectivity in killing cells expressing epidermal growth factor receptor. Virology 2007; 361:56-67. [PMID: 17184803 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2006.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2006] [Revised: 09/20/2006] [Accepted: 11/10/2006] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Virotherapy of cancer using oncolytic adenoviruses has shown promise in both preclinical and clinical settings. One important challenge to reach the full therapeutic potential of oncolytic adenoviruses is accomplishing efficient infection of cancer cells and avoiding uptake by normal tissue through tropism modification. Towards this goal, we constructed and characterized an oncolytic adenovirus, carrying mutated capsid proteins to abolish the promiscuous adenovirus native tropism and encoding a bispecific adapter molecule to target the virus to the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). The new virus displayed a highly selective targeting profile, with reduced infection of EGFR-negative cells and efficient killing of EGFR-positive cancer cells including primary EGFR-positive osteosarcoma cells that are refractory to infection by conventional adenoviruses. Our method to modify adenovirus tropism might thus be useful to design new oncolytic adenoviruses for more effective treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan E Carette
- Department of Medical Oncology, Gene Therapy Division, VU University Medical Center, PO Box 7057, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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16
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Idema S, Lamfers ML, van Beusechem VW, Noske DP, Heukelom S, Moeniralm S, Gerritsen WR, Vandertop WP, Dirven CM. AdΔ24 and the p53-expressing variant AdΔ24-p53 achieve potent anti-tumor activity in glioma when combined with radiotherapy. J Gene Med 2007; 9:1046-56. [DOI: 10.1002/jgm.1113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
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17
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Guinn BA, Norris JS, Huang L, Farzaneh F, Kasahara N, Deisseroth AB. International Society for Cell and Gene Therapy of Cancer (ISCGT) annual meeting: conference overview and introduction to the symposium papers. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2006; 55:1406-11. [PMID: 16783577 PMCID: PMC11030078 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-006-0187-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2006] [Accepted: 05/13/2006] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara-ann Guinn
- Department of Haematological Medicine, King's College London School of Medicine, The Rayne Institute, 123 Coldharbour Lane, London, SE5 9NU, UK.
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Gao Q, Zhou J, Huang X, Chen G, Ye F, Lu Y, Li K, Zhuang L, Huang M, Xu G, Wang S, Ma D. RETRACTED: Selective targeting of checkpoint kinase 1 in tumor cells with a novel potent oncolytic adenovirus. Mol Ther 2006; 13:928-937. [PMID: 16459149 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2005.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2005] [Revised: 12/15/2005] [Accepted: 12/27/2005] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
This article has been retracted: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (http://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicy). This article has been retracted at the request of the editor-in-chief. Similarities were reported between images in this article and an article in Clinical Cancer Research (Zhou et al., 2005, Clin. Cancer Res. 11, 8431-8440, https://10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-05-1085). Q.J., J.Z., X.H., G.C., Y.L., K.L., L.Z., and D.M. were all authors of the Clinical Cancer Research paper as well. These concerns were initially reported in a Pubpeer thread (https://pubpeer.com/publications/FF881782FF5AFD316D42E0C0F00766). Image analysis performed by the editorial office confirmed findings of image recycling in Figures 2A and 3B of the Molecular Therapy article. This reuse (and in part misrepresentation) of data without appropriate attribution represents a severe abuse of the scientific publishing system.
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MESH Headings
- Adenoviridae/genetics
- Adenoviridae/physiology
- Adenovirus E1A Proteins/deficiency
- Adenovirus E1A Proteins/genetics
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/enzymology
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/therapy
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/virology
- Cell Line
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Survival
- Checkpoint Kinase 1
- Cisplatin/therapeutic use
- Cytopathogenic Effect, Viral/physiology
- DNA, Antisense/genetics
- Female
- Gene Targeting
- Genetic Vectors/administration & dosage
- Genetic Vectors/therapeutic use
- HeLa Cells
- Humans
- Liver Neoplasms/enzymology
- Liver Neoplasms/therapy
- Liver Neoplasms/virology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Nude
- Models, Genetic
- Promoter Regions, Genetic
- Protein Kinases/genetics
- Protein Kinases/metabolism
- Virus Replication
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinglei Gao
- Cancer Biology Research Center, TongJi Hospital, TongJi Medical School, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, WuHan, Hubei 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianfeng Zhou
- Cancer Biology Research Center, TongJi Hospital, TongJi Medical School, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, WuHan, Hubei 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyuan Huang
- Cancer Biology Research Center, TongJi Hospital, TongJi Medical School, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, WuHan, Hubei 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Chen
- Cancer Biology Research Center, TongJi Hospital, TongJi Medical School, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, WuHan, Hubei 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Ye
- Cancer Biology Research Center, TongJi Hospital, TongJi Medical School, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, WuHan, Hubei 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunping Lu
- Cancer Biology Research Center, TongJi Hospital, TongJi Medical School, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, WuHan, Hubei 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Kanyan Li
- Cancer Biology Research Center, TongJi Hospital, TongJi Medical School, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, WuHan, Hubei 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Zhuang
- Cancer Biology Research Center, TongJi Hospital, TongJi Medical School, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, WuHan, Hubei 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Mei Huang
- Cancer Biology Research Center, TongJi Hospital, TongJi Medical School, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, WuHan, Hubei 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Xu
- Cancer Biology Research Center, TongJi Hospital, TongJi Medical School, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, WuHan, Hubei 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Shxuan Wang
- Cancer Biology Research Center, TongJi Hospital, TongJi Medical School, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, WuHan, Hubei 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Ding Ma
- Cancer Biology Research Center, TongJi Hospital, TongJi Medical School, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, WuHan, Hubei 430030, People's Republic of China.
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van Beusechem VW, van den Doel PB, Gerritsen WR. Conditionally replicative adenovirus expressing degradation-resistant p53 for enhanced oncolysis of human cancer cells overexpressing murine double minute 2. Mol Cancer Ther 2005; 4:1013-8. [PMID: 15956259 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-05-0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Conditionally replicative adenoviruses (CRAd) are under investigation as anticancer agents. Previously, we found that the CRAd AdDelta24-p53, expressing the p53 tumor suppressor protein from its genome, more effectively killed most human cancer cells than did its parent AdDelta24. However, a minority of cancer cell lines poorly responded to the oncolysis-enhancing effect of p53. Here we show that refractory cell lines expressed high levels of the major negative p53 regulator murine double minute 2 (MDM2). To obviate MDM2-mediated inactivation of CRAd-encoded p53, we constructed the new CRAd AdDelta24-p53(14/19) encoding a p53 variant incapable of binding to MDM2. AdDelta24-p53(14/19) was approximately 10 times more effective than AdDelta24-p53 in killing cancer cell lines with high levels of human MDM2, but not cells with low MDM2. This finding supports the notion that exogenous expression of functional p53 augments the anticancer efficacy of CRAds. In addition, it confirms that high MDM2 expression is a molecular determinant of resistance against oncolysis enhancement by exogenous wild-type p53. Moreover, it shows that efficacy enhancement by restoration of functional p53 can also be accomplished in cancer cells expressing a p53 inhibitor. This further expands the utility of CRAds expressing functional p53 variants for effective virotherapy of cancer and thus their possible contribution to the advancement of individualized molecular medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor W van Beusechem
- Division of Gene Therapy, Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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Sipo I, Wang X, Hurtado Picó A, Suckau L, Weger S, Poller W, Fechner H. Tamoxifen-regulated adenoviral E1A chimeras for the control of tumor selective oncolytic adenovirus replication in vitro and in vivo. Gene Ther 2005; 13:173-86. [PMID: 16136163 DOI: 10.1038/sj.gt.3302604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Pharmacological control is a desirable safety feature of oncolytic adenoviruses (oAdV). It has recently been shown that oAdV replication may be controlled by drug-dependent transcriptional regulation of E1A expression. Here, we present a novel concept that relies on tamoxifen-dependent regulation of E1A activity through functional linkage to the mutated hormone-binding domain of the murine estrogen receptor (Mer). Four different E1A-Mer chimeras (ME, EM, E(DeltaNLS)M, MEM) were constructed and inserted into the adenoviral genome under control of a lung-specific surfactant protein B promoter. The highest degree of regulation in vitro was seen for the corresponding oAdVs Ad.E(DeltaNLS)M and Ad.MEM, which exhibited an up to 100-fold higher oAdV replication in the presence as compared with the absence of 4-OH-tamoxifen. Moreover, destruction of nontarget cells was six- and 13-fold reduced for Ad.E(DeltaNLS)M and Ad.MEM, respectively, as compared with Ad.E. Further investigations supported tamoxifen-dependent regulation of Ad.E(DeltaNLS)M and Ad.MEM in vivo. Induction of Ad.E(DeltaNLS)M inhibited growth of H441 lung tumors as efficient as a control oAdV expressing E1A. E(DeltaNLS)M and the MEM chimeras can be easily inserted into a single vector genome, which extends their application to existing oAdVs and strongly facilitates in vivo application.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Sipo
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Germany
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Abstract
Despite advances in current treatment modalities, the clinical outcome of gastric cancer remains dismal. New treatment modalities are urgently required to improve the prognosis of patients with gastric cancer. Cancer gene therapy and virotherapy comprise a potential category of new therapeutics and will be discussed in this review. To date, various gene therapy strategies have been developed, but first clinical trials reported only limited therapeutic efficacy as a result of limited gene transfer efficiency. Consequently, targeted viral vectors for enhanced delivery of transgenes to tumor cells and replicative viral systems designed to replicate selectively in malignant tissue were developed. Replication-selective oncolytic viral vectors have the advantage over non-replicative systems to cause pronounced bystander effect via self-perpetuating infection of adjacent cells after cytolysis of primary targeted cells. So far, clinical studies on virotherapy showed encouraging results; especially promising are combinations of virotherapy with current modes of treatment like chemo- and radiotherapy, or insertion of therapeutic genes in the viral genome such as combination with enzyme-prodrug therapy. Further research aiming to enhance anti-tumor efficacy and to improve selectivity of infection and replication, will eventually lead to full realization of the therapeutic potential of (replicating) viral vector systems for gastric cancer.
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