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Laing RW, Mergental H, Yap C, Kirkham A, Whilku M, Barton D, Curbishley S, Boteon YL, Neil DA, Hübscher SG, Perera MTPR, Muiesan P, Isaac J, Roberts KJ, Cilliers H, Afford SC, Mirza DF. Viability testing and transplantation of marginal livers (VITTAL) using normothermic machine perfusion: study protocol for an open-label, non-randomised, prospective, single-arm trial. BMJ Open 2017; 7:e017733. [PMID: 29183928 PMCID: PMC5719273 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-017733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The use of marginal or extended criteria donor livers is increasing. These organs carry a greater risk of initial dysfunction and early failure, as well as inferior long-term outcomes. As such, many are rejected due to a perceived risk of use and use varies widely between centres. Ex situ normothermic machine perfusion of the liver (NMP-L) may enable the safe transplantation of organs that meet defined objective criteria denoting their high-risk status and are currently being declined for use by all the UK transplant centres. METHODS AND ANALYSIS Viability testing and transplantation of marginal livers is an open-label, non-randomised, prospective, single-arm trial designed to determine whether currently unused donor livers can be salvaged and safely transplanted with equivalent outcomes in terms of patient survival. The procured rejected livers must meet predefined criteria that objectively denote their marginal condition. The liver is subjected to NMP-L following a period of static cold storage. Organs metabolising lactate to ≤2.5 mmol/L within 4 hours of the perfusion commencing in combination with two or more of the following parameters-bile production, metabolism of glucose, a hepatic arterial flow rate ≥150 mL/min and a portal venous flow rate ≥500 mL/min, a pH ≥7.30 and/or maintain a homogeneous perfusion-will be considered viable and transplanted into a suitable consented recipient. The coprimary outcome measures are the success rate of NMP-L to produce a transplantable organ and 90-day patient post-transplant survival. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The protocol was approved by the National Research Ethics Service (London-Dulwich Research Ethics Committee, 16/LO/1056), the Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency and is endorsed by the National Health Service Blood and Transplant Research, Innovation and Novel Technologies Advisory Group. The findings of this trial will be disseminated through national and international presentations and peer-reviewed publications. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT02740608; Pre-results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard W Laing
- Department of Liver Unit, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
- Department of Liver Biomedical Research Unit, National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Hynek Mergental
- Department of Liver Unit, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
- Department of Liver Biomedical Research Unit, National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Christina Yap
- Department of Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit, Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Amanda Kirkham
- Department of Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit, Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Manpreet Whilku
- Department of Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit, Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Darren Barton
- Department of Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit, Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Stuart Curbishley
- Department of Liver Biomedical Research Unit, National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Yuri L Boteon
- Department of Liver Unit, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
- Department of Liver Biomedical Research Unit, National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Desley A Neil
- Department of Liver Unit, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Stefan G Hübscher
- Department of Liver Unit, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
- Department of Liver Biomedical Research Unit, National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - M Thamara P R Perera
- Department of Liver Unit, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
- Department of Liver Biomedical Research Unit, National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Paolo Muiesan
- Department of Liver Unit, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
- Department of Liver Biomedical Research Unit, National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - John Isaac
- Department of Liver Unit, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Keith J Roberts
- Department of Liver Unit, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Hentie Cilliers
- Department of Liver Unit, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Simon C Afford
- Department of Liver Biomedical Research Unit, National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Darius F Mirza
- Department of Liver Unit, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
- Department of Liver Biomedical Research Unit, National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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Pucci Molineris M, Di Venanzio G, Mamprin ME, Mediavilla MG. Evaluation of the protection exerted by Pisum sativum Ferredoxin-NADP(H) Reductase against injury induced by hypothermia on Cos-7 cells. Cryobiology 2013; 67:76-83. [PMID: 23727065 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2013.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2012] [Revised: 04/15/2013] [Accepted: 05/20/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Hypothermia is employed as a method to diminish metabolism rates and preserve tissues and cells. However, low temperatures constitute a stress that produces biochemical changes whose extension depends on the duration and degree of cold exposure and is manifested when physiological temperature is restored. For many cellular types, cold induces an oxidative stress that is dependent on the elevation of intracellular iron, damages macromolecules, and is prevented by the addition of iron chelators. Pisum sativum Ferredoxin-NADP(H) Reductase (FNR) has been implicated in protection from injury mediated by intracellular iron increase and successfully used to reduce oxidative damage on bacterial, plant and mammalian systems. In this work, FNR was expressed in Cos-7 cells; then, they were submitted to cold incubation and iron overload to ascertain whether this enzyme was capable of diminishing the harm produced by these challenges. Contrary to expected, FNR was not protective and even exacerbated the damage under certain circumstances. It was also found that the injury induced by hypothermia in Cos-7 cells presented both iron-dependent and iron-independent components of damage when cells were actively dividing but only iron-independent component when cells were in an arrested state. This is in agreement with previous findings which showed that iron-dependent damage is also an energy-dependent process.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Pucci Molineris
- Centro Binacional, Argentina-Italia de Investigaciones en Criobiología Clínica y Aplicada, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Av Arijón 28 bis, 2000 Rosario, Argentina
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Guibert EE, Petrenko AY, Balaban CL, Somov AY, Rodriguez JV, Fuller BJ. Organ Preservation: Current Concepts and New Strategies for the Next Decade. Transfus Med Hemother 2011; 38:125-142. [PMID: 21566713 PMCID: PMC3088735 DOI: 10.1159/000327033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2011] [Accepted: 01/26/2011] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
SUMMARY: Organ transplantation has developed over the past 50 years to reach the sophisticated and integrated clinical service of today through several advances in science. One of the most important of these has been the ability to apply organ preservation protocols to deliver donor organs of high quality, via a network of organ exchange to match the most suitable recipient patient to the best available organ, capable of rapid resumption of life-sustaining function in the recipient patient. This has only been possible by amassing a good understanding of the potential effects of hypoxic injury on donated organs, and how to prevent these by applying organ preservation. This review sets out the history of organ preservation, how applications of hypothermia have become central to the process, and what the current status is for the range of solid organs commonly transplanted. The science of organ preservation is constantly being updated with new knowledge and ideas, and the review also discusses what innovations are coming close to clinical reality to meet the growing demands for high quality organs in transplantation over the next few years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgardo E. Guibert
- Centro Binacional (Argentina-Italia) de Investigaciones en Criobiología Clínica y Aplicada (CAIC), Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Argentina
| | - Alexander Y. Petrenko
- Department of Cryobiochemistry, Institute for Problems of Cryobiology and Cryomedicine, Ukraine Academy of Sciences, Kharkov, Ukraine
| | - Cecilia L. Balaban
- Centro Binacional (Argentina-Italia) de Investigaciones en Criobiología Clínica y Aplicada (CAIC), Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Argentina
| | - Alexander Y. Somov
- Department of Cryobiochemistry, Institute for Problems of Cryobiology and Cryomedicine, Ukraine Academy of Sciences, Kharkov, Ukraine
| | - Joaquín V. Rodriguez
- Centro Binacional (Argentina-Italia) de Investigaciones en Criobiología Clínica y Aplicada (CAIC), Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Argentina
| | - Barry J. Fuller
- Cell, Tissue and Organ Preservation Unit, Department of Surgery & Liver Transplant Unit, UCL Medical School, Royal Free Hospital Campus, London, UK
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Mediavilla MG, Di Venanzio GA, Guibert EE, Tiribelli C. Heterologous ferredoxin reductase and flavodoxin protect Cos-7 cells from oxidative stress. PLoS One 2010; 5:e13501. [PMID: 20976072 PMCID: PMC2957446 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0013501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2010] [Accepted: 09/27/2010] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ferredoxin-NADP(H) reductase (FNR) from Pisum sativum and Flavodoxin (Fld) from Anabaena PCC 7119 have been reported to protect a variety of cells and organisms from oxidative insults. In this work, these two proteins were expressed in mitochondria of Cos-7 cells and tested for their efficacy to protect these cells from oxidative stress in vitro. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Cos-7/pFNR and Cos-7/pFld cell lines expressing FNR and Fld, respectively, showed a significantly higher resistance to 24 h exposure to 300-600 µM hydrogen peroxide measured by LDH retention, MTT reduction, malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and lipid peroxide (LPO; FOX assay) levels. However, FNR and Fld did not exhibit any protection at shorter incubation times (2 h and 4 h) to 4 mM hydrogen peroxide or to a 48 h exposure to 300 µM methyl viologen. We found enhanced methyl viologen damage exerted by FNR that may be due to depletion of NADPH pools through NADPH-MV diaphorase activity as previously observed for other overexpressed enzymes. SIGNIFICANCE The results presented are a first report of antioxidant function of these heterologous enzymes of vegetal and cyanobacterial origin in mammalian cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- María G Mediavilla
- Centro Binacional Argentina-Italia de Investigaciones en Criobiología Clínica y Aplicada CAIC and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Rosario, Argentina.
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