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da Luz JCDS, Antunes F, Clavijo-Salomon MA, Signori E, Tessarollo NG, Strauss BE. Clinical Applications and Immunological Aspects of Electroporation-Based Therapies. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:727. [PMID: 34358144 PMCID: PMC8310106 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9070727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Reversible electropermeabilization (RE) is an ultrastructural phenomenon that transiently increases the permeability of the cell membrane upon application of electrical pulses. The technique was described in 1972 by Neumann and Rosenheck and is currently used in a variety of applications, from medicine to food processing. In oncology, RE is applied for the intracellular transport of chemotherapeutic drugs as well as the delivery of genetic material in gene therapies and vaccinations. This review summarizes the physical changes of the membrane, the particularities of bleomycin, and the immunological aspects involved in electrochemotherapy and gene electrotransfer, two important EP-based cancer therapies in human and veterinary oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Carlos dos Santos da Luz
- Viral Vector Laboratory, Cancer Institute of São Paulo, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-000, Brazil; (J.C.d.S.d.L.); (F.A.); (N.G.T.)
| | - Fernanda Antunes
- Viral Vector Laboratory, Cancer Institute of São Paulo, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-000, Brazil; (J.C.d.S.d.L.); (F.A.); (N.G.T.)
| | | | - Emanuela Signori
- Institute of Translational Pharmacology, CNR, 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | - Nayara Gusmão Tessarollo
- Viral Vector Laboratory, Cancer Institute of São Paulo, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-000, Brazil; (J.C.d.S.d.L.); (F.A.); (N.G.T.)
| | - Bryan E. Strauss
- Viral Vector Laboratory, Cancer Institute of São Paulo, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-000, Brazil; (J.C.d.S.d.L.); (F.A.); (N.G.T.)
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Nguyen KG, Vrabel MR, Mantooth SM, Hopkins JJ, Wagner ES, Gabaldon TA, Zaharoff DA. Localized Interleukin-12 for Cancer Immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2020; 11:575597. [PMID: 33178203 PMCID: PMC7593768 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.575597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-12 (IL-12) is a potent, pro-inflammatory type 1 cytokine that has long been studied as a potential immunotherapy for cancer. Unfortunately, IL-12's remarkable antitumor efficacy in preclinical models has yet to be replicated in humans. Early clinical trials in the mid-1990's showed that systemic delivery of IL-12 incurred dose-limiting toxicities. Nevertheless, IL-12's pleiotropic activity, i.e., its ability to engage multiple effector mechanisms and reverse tumor-induced immunosuppression, continues to entice cancer researchers. The development of strategies which maximize IL-12 delivery to the tumor microenvironment while minimizing systemic exposure are of increasing interest. Diverse IL-12 delivery systems, from immunocytokine fusions to polymeric nanoparticles, have demonstrated robust antitumor immunity with reduced adverse events in preclinical studies. Several localized IL-12 delivery approaches have recently reached the clinical stage with several more at the precipice of translation. Taken together, localized delivery systems are supporting an IL-12 renaissance which may finally allow this potent cytokine to fulfill its considerable clinical potential. This review begins with a brief historical account of cytokine monotherapies and describes how IL-12 went from promising new cure to ostracized black sheep following multiple on-study deaths. The bulk of this comprehensive review focuses on developments in diverse localized delivery strategies for IL-12-based cancer immunotherapies. Advantages and limitations of different delivery technologies are highlighted. Finally, perspectives on how IL-12-based immunotherapies may be utilized for widespread clinical application in the very near future are offered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khue G Nguyen
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Maura R Vrabel
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Siena M Mantooth
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Jared J Hopkins
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Ethan S Wagner
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - Taylor A Gabaldon
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
| | - David A Zaharoff
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States
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Shibata MA, Shibata E, Tanaka Y, Shiraoka C, Kondo Y. Soluble Vegfr3 gene therapy suppresses multi-organ metastasis in a mouse mammary cancer model. Cancer Sci 2020; 111:2837-2849. [PMID: 32539229 PMCID: PMC7419054 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence on the association of VEGF-C with lymphangiogenesis and lymph node metastasis implicates lymphatic vessels as a potential target in anti-cancer therapy. To evaluate whether blocking VEGF-C and VEGFR-3 signaling can inhibit multi-organ metastases, a mouse metastatic mammary cancer model was subjected to gene therapy using a soluble VEGFR-3 expression vector (psVEGFR-3). We showed that psVEGFR-3 significantly diminished cell growth in vitro with or without added VEGF-C, and significantly reduced primary tumor growth and tumor metastases to wide-spectrum organs in vivo. Although apoptotic cell death and angiogenesis levels did not differ between the control and psVEGFR-3 groups, cell proliferation and lymphangiogenesis in the mammary tumors were significantly decreased in the psVEGFR-3 group. Furthermore, lymphatic vessel invasion was significantly inhibited in this group. Real-time RT-PCR analysis revealed significantly high expression of the Vegfr3 gene due to gene therapy, and the transcriptional levels of Pcna and Lyve1 tended to decrease in the psVEGFR-3 group. Immunofluorescence staining indicated that phospho-tyrosine expression was considerably lower in tumor cells of psVEGFR-3-treated mammary carcinomas than those of control tumors. Double immunofluorescence staining indicated that phospho-tyrosine+ /LYVE-1+ (a lymphatic vessel marker) tended to decrease in psVEGFR-3-treated mammary carcinomas compared with control mice, indicating a decline in the activity of the VEGF-C/VEGFR-3 axis. These findings showed that a blockade of VEGF-C/VEGFR-3 signaling caused by sVEGFR-3 sequestered VEGF-C and prevented the side-effects of anti-angiogenesis and suppressed overall metastases, suggesting their high clinical significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masa-Aki Shibata
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki, Japan
| | - Eiko Shibata
- Department of Molecular Innovation in Lipidology, National Cerebral & Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Tanaka
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki, Japan
| | - Chinatsu Shiraoka
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki, Japan
| | - Yoichi Kondo
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki, Japan
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4
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Pirc E, Reberšek M, Miklavčič D. Functional Requirements and Quality Assurance Necessary for Successful Incorporation of Electroporation-Based Therapies Into Clinical Practice. J Med Device 2020. [DOI: 10.1115/1.4045837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Electroporation-based therapies have a huge potential for implementation into clinical practice in socioeconomically disadvantaged populations. Currently, the price of electroporators and electrodes is relatively high, but custom low budget devices can be developed. In the paper, we describe three most established applications in medicine, with the focus on the basic mechanisms, which should be taken into account during the development process of a clinical electroporator. Also, typical pulse parameters used in each of the described applications are defined. In the second part of the paper, we describe technical functional requirements for a clinical electroporator and safety guidelines, with the focus on medical device standard. At the end of the paper, the focus moves to a more general problematic, such as quality assurance and the importance of measurement during the pulse delivery, which we firmly believe is necessary for successful electroporation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Pirc
- Laboratory of Biocybernetics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Tržaška cesta 25, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia
| | - Matej Reberšek
- Laboratory of Biocybernetics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Tržaška cesta 25, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia
| | - Damijan Miklavčič
- Laboratory of Biocybernetics, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Tržaška cesta 25, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia
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Cicchelero L, Denies S, Haers H, Vanderperren K, Stock E, Van Brantegem L, de Rooster H, Sanders NN. Intratumoural interleukin 12 gene therapy stimulates the immune system and decreases angiogenesis in dogs with spontaneous cancer. Vet Comp Oncol 2016; 15:1187-1205. [PMID: 27506827 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Revised: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin 12 (IL-12) is a powerful immunostimulatory cytokine with a strong antitumoural activity. In this work, the immunological, anti-angiogenic and clinical effects of three consecutive intratumoural IL-12 electrogene therapy (EGT) treatments were evaluated in nine dogs with spontaneous cancer. In all the dogs, tumour biopsies and blood samples were taken prior, during and after the intratumoural IL-12 EGT (on days 1, 8, 35 and 1, 3, 8, 15, 35, respectively). An initial decrease in immune cells was followed by an increase above baseline 1-3 weeks after treatment initiation. Interestingly, the decrease in peripheral leukocytes 2 days after the first intratumoural IL-12 EGT coincided with erythema and tumour swelling. Transient increases of IL-12 and interferon γ were measured in the serum and the tumour tissue, whereas IL-10 transiently increased only in the serum. The effect of intratumoural IL-12 EGT on the levels of IL-24 and vascular endothelial growth factor in the sera and tumour biopsies differed per dog. Via contrast-enhanced ultrasound (US) (on days 1, 8 and 35), we demonstrated that intratumoural IL-12 EGT resulted in a significant decrease of the relative blood volume and blood flow speed in the tumour compared with baseline. Metastases were present in two dogs. In one of these dogs, IL-12 EGT of the primary tumour caused a transient partial regression of the metastases, but not of the primary tumour. The second dog with metastases did not survive long enough to complete the entire treatment cycle. Despite encouraging immunostimulatory and anti-angiogenic effects after intratumoural IL-12 EGT, no clinically relevant outcomes were observed in this study, as persistent tumour regression could not be obtained. On the other hand, the laboratory and US results hold great promise for combinatorial strategies of intratumoural IL-12 EGT with conventional antitumour (immuno)therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Cicchelero
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Laboratory of Gene Therapy, Department of Nutrition, Genetics and Ethology, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - S Denies
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Laboratory of Gene Therapy, Department of Nutrition, Genetics and Ethology, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - H Haers
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Medical Imaging of Domestic Animals, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - K Vanderperren
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Medical Imaging of Domestic Animals, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - E Stock
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Medical Imaging of Domestic Animals, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - L Van Brantegem
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Poultry Diseases, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - H de Rooster
- Small Animal Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Medicine and Clinical Biology of Small Animals, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.,Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| | - N N Sanders
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Laboratory of Gene Therapy, Department of Nutrition, Genetics and Ethology, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium.,Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
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6
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Gao M, Zhu X, Wu L, Qiu L. Cationic Polyphosphazene Vesicles for Cancer Immunotherapy by Efficient in Vivo Cytokine IL-12 Plasmid Delivery. Biomacromolecules 2016; 17:2199-209. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.6b00433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Menghua Gao
- College
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yu-Hang-Tang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiumei Zhu
- College
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yu-Hang-Tang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Liping Wu
- College
of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yu-Hang-Tang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Liyan Qiu
- Ministry
of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Synthesis and Functionalization,
Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, 38 Zheda Road, Hangzhou 310027, China
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McCrudden CM, McCarthy HO. Current status of gene therapy for breast cancer: progress and challenges. Appl Clin Genet 2014; 7:209-20. [PMID: 25419154 PMCID: PMC4234158 DOI: 10.2147/tacg.s54992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is characterized by a series of genetic mutations and is therefore ideally placed for gene therapy intervention. The aim of gene therapy is to deliver a nucleic acid-based drug to either correct or destroy the cells harboring the genetic aberration. More recently, cancer gene therapy has evolved to also encompass delivery of RNA interference technologies, as well as cancer DNA vaccines. However, the bottleneck in creating such nucleic acid pharmaceuticals lies in the delivery. Deliverability of DNA is limited as it is prone to circulating nucleases; therefore, numerous strategies have been employed to aid with biological transport. This review will discuss some of the viral and nonviral approaches to breast cancer gene therapy, and present the findings of clinical trials of these therapies in breast cancer patients. Also detailed are some of the most recent developments in nonviral approaches to targeting in breast cancer gene therapy, including transcriptional control, and the development of recombinant, multifunctional bio-inspired systems. Lastly, DNA vaccines for breast cancer are documented, with comment on requirements for successful pharmaceutical product development.
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Haberl S, Kandušer M, Flisar K, Hodžić D, Bregar VB, Miklavčič D, Escoffre JM, Rols MP, Pavlin M. Effect of different parameters used forin vitrogene electrotransfer on gene expression efficiency, cell viability and visualization of plasmid DNA at the membrane level. J Gene Med 2013; 15:169-81. [DOI: 10.1002/jgm.2706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2012] [Revised: 03/29/2013] [Accepted: 04/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Saša Haberl
- University of Ljubljana; Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Laboratory of Biocybernetics; Ljubljana; Slovenija
| | - Maša Kandušer
- University of Ljubljana; Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Laboratory of Biocybernetics; Ljubljana; Slovenija
| | - Karel Flisar
- University of Ljubljana; Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Laboratory of Biocybernetics; Ljubljana; Slovenija
| | - Duša Hodžić
- University of Ljubljana; Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Laboratory of Biocybernetics; Ljubljana; Slovenija
| | | | - Damijan Miklavčič
- University of Ljubljana; Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Laboratory of Biocybernetics; Ljubljana; Slovenija
| | - Jean-Michel Escoffre
- Inserm UMR 930 Imagerie et Cerveau, Université François-Rabelais de Tours, PRES Val de Loire Université; Tours; France
| | - Marie-Pierre Rols
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, IPBS-CNRS UMR5089, Université de Toulouse III; Toulouse; France
| | - Mojca Pavlin
- University of Ljubljana; Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Group for Nano and Biotechnological Applications; Ljubljana; Slovenija
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A meta-analysis of the relationship between lymphatic microvessel density and clinicopathological parameters in breast cancer. Bull Cancer 2013; 100:1-10. [DOI: 10.1684/bdc.2013.1719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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10
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Shibata MA, Ambati J, Shibata E, Yoshidome K, Harada-Shiba M. Mammary cancer gene therapy targeting lymphangiogenesis: VEGF-C siRNA and soluble VEGF receptor-2, a splicing variant. Med Mol Morphol 2012; 45:179-84. [PMID: 23224595 DOI: 10.1007/s00795-012-0576-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2012] [Accepted: 03/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Metastasis contributes significantly to cancer mortality, and the most common pathway of initial dissemination is via the afferent ducts of the lymphatics. Overexpression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-C has been associated with lymphangiogenesis and lymph node metastasis in a multitude of human neoplasms, including breast cancers. We recently reported that both VEGF-C siRNA and endogenous soluble vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (esVEGFR-2, a new splicing variant) inhibit VEGF-C function and metastasis in a mouse model of metastatic mammary cancer. Here we briefly review our previous experimental work, specifically targeting tumor lymphangiogenesis, in which metastatic mouse mammary cancers received direct intratumoral injections of either expression vectors VEGF-C siRNA or esVEGFR-2, or the empty plasmid vector, once a week for 6 or 8 weeks, followed by in vivo gene electrotransfer of the injected tumors. Throughout our study, both tumor lymphangiogenesis and the multiplicity of lymph node metastasis were significantly inhibited, with an overall reduction in tumor growth, by both VEGF-C siRNA and esVEGFR-2; further, a significant reduction in the number of dilated lymphatic vessels containing intraluminal cancer cells was observed with both treatments. Thus, therapeutic strategies targeting lymphangiogenesis may have great clinical significance for the treatment of metastatic human breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masa-Aki Shibata
- Laboratory of Anatomy and Histopathology, Faculty of Health Science, Osaka Health Science University, 1-9-27 Temma, Osaka 530-0043, Japan.
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Sin JI, Park JB, Lee IH, Park D, Choi YS, Choe J, Celis E. Intratumoral electroporation of IL-12 cDNA eradicates established melanomas by Trp2(180-188)-specific CD8+ CTLs in a perforin/granzyme-mediated and IFN-γ-dependent manner: application of Trp2(180-188) peptides. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2012; 61:1671-82. [PMID: 22382361 PMCID: PMC11028417 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-012-1214-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2011] [Accepted: 01/27/2012] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Intratumoral electroporation (IT-EP) with IL-12 cDNA (IT-EP/IL12) can lead to the eradication of established B16 melanoma tumors in mice. Here, we explore the immunological mechanism of the antitumor effects generated by this therapy. The results show that IT-EP/IL12 applied only once resulted in eradication in 70% animals with large established B16 tumors. Tumor eradication required the participation of CD8+ T cells, but not CD4+ T cells and NK cells. IT-EP/IL12 induced antigen-specific CD8+ T cell responses against the immunodominant Trp2(180-188) epitope and generated a systemic response, resulting in significant therapeutic effects against distal, untreated tumors. The therapeutic effect of IT-EP/IL12 was absent in perforin-deficient mice, indicating that tumor elimination occurred through conventional perforin/granzyme lysis by CTLs. Moreover, this therapy induced some degree of immunological memory that protected approximately one-third of the cured mice against a subsequent tumor challenge. Moreover, antitumor efficacy and long-term protection against B16 were significantly improved by concurrent Trp2 peptide immunization through more induction of Ag-specific CTL responses and more attraction of IFN-γ-expressing CD8+ T cells into tumor sites. The antitumor effect of IT-EP/IL12 required the participation of IFN-γ, which was shown to induce MHC class I expression on B16 cells and increase the lytic activity of the CD8+ CTL generated by IT-EP/IL12. The results from these animal studies may help in the development of IT-EP/IL12 for cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Im Sin
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon-do 200-701, Korea.
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Laco F, Grant MH, Flint DJ, Black RA. Cellular Trans-Differentiation and Morphogenesis Toward the Lymphatic Lineage in Regenerative Medicine. Stem Cells Dev 2011; 20:181-95. [DOI: 10.1089/scd.2009.0527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Filip Laco
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Mary Helen Grant
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - David J. Flint
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Richard A. Black
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom
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Shibata MA, Ambati J, Shibata E, Albuquerque RJC, Morimoto J, Ito Y, Otsuki Y. The endogenous soluble VEGF receptor-2 isoform suppresses lymph node metastasis in a mouse immunocompetent mammary cancer model. BMC Med 2010; 8:69. [PMID: 21047425 PMCID: PMC2989928 DOI: 10.1186/1741-7015-8-69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2010] [Accepted: 11/03/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer metastasis contributes significantly to cancer mortality and is facilitated by lymphangiogenesis and angiogenesis. A new splicing variant, endogenous soluble vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (esVEGFR-2) that we recently identified is an endogenous selective inhibitor of lymphangiogenesis. To evaluate the antimetastatic potential of esVEGFR-2, gene therapy with vector expressing esVEGFR-2 (pesVEGFR-2) or endostatin (pEndo) as a positive control was conducted on murine metastatic mammary cancer. METHODS Syngeneic inoculated metastatic mammary cancers received direct intratumoral injection of pesVEGFR-2, pEndo or pVec as control, once a week for six weeks. In vivo gene electrotransfer was performed on the tumors after each injection. RESULTS Deaths from metastasis were much lower in the pesVEGFR-2 and pEndo groups than in those of the pVec. Tumor volume was significantly lower in the pesVEGFR-2 and the pEndo groups throughout the study. Multiplicity of lymph node and lung metastatic nodules was significantly suppressed in the pesVEGFR-2 and pEndo groups. Moreover, the total number of overall metastasis including the other organs was also decreased in these groups. However, pesVEGFR-2 was not able to decrease the number of lungs, ovaries, kidneys and adrenals with metastasis as counted by unilateral or bilateral metastasis. The number of CD34+/Lyve-1⁻ blood microvessels was significantly decreased in the pEndo group, while the number of CD34⁻/Lyve-1+ lymphatic vessels was significantly decreased in the pesVEGFR-2 and pEndo groups. In addition, a significant reduction in the number of dilated lymphatic vessels containing intraluminal cancer cells was observed in the pesVEGFR-2 and pEndo groups. Levels of apoptosis were significantly increased in the pEndo group, whereas the rates of cell proliferation were significantly decreased in the pesVEGFR-2 and pEndo groups. CONCLUSIONS Our data demonstrate that esVEGFR-2 can inhibit mainly lymph node metastasis. The antimetastatic activity of esVEGFR-2 may be of high clinical significance in the treatment of metastatic breast cancer because lymph node involvement is a most important prognostic factor in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masa-Aki Shibata
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Osaka Medical College, Japan.
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14
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Yang CM, Zhou YJ, Wang RJ, Hu ML. Anti-angiogenic effects and mechanisms of polysaccharides from Antrodia cinnamomea with different molecular weights. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2009; 123:407-412. [PMID: 19501273 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2009.03.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2009] [Revised: 03/17/2009] [Accepted: 03/21/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Antrodia cinnamomea is a popular medicinal mushroom in Taiwan that has been widely used for treatment of various cancers and liver diseases. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to investigate the immunomodulatory effect on angiogenesis of polysaccharides from mycelia of Antrodia cinnamomea (PMAC). MATERIALS AND METHODS PMAC were extracted in boiling water, precipitated with 95% ethanol, and separated into four different molecular weights (<5, 5-30, 30-100, > 100 kDa). Tube formation and chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay were used to determine the in vitro and ex vivo anti-angiogenic effects. RESULTS Only the PMAC-mononuclear cells (MNCs)-conditioned medium (CM) with MW > 100 kDa significantly and concentration-dependently decreased the secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor in human leukemia cells and inhibited the matrigel tube formation in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Similarly only the PMAC-MNC-CM with MW > 100 kDa significantly and concentration-dependently increased the levels of interleukin (IL)-12 and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma). In addition, the ex vivo CAM assay revealed that only the PMAC with MW>100 kDa significantly and dose-dependently inhibited neovascularization. CONCLUSIONS PMAC with MW > 100 kDa are anti-angiogenic in vitro and ex vivo, and the effects are likely through immunomodulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Min Yang
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, 250 Kuo Kuang Road, Taichung 402, Taiwan, ROC
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15
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Combination therapy with short interfering RNA vectors against VEGF-C and VEGF-A suppresses lymph node and lung metastasis in a mouse immunocompetent mammary cancer model. Cancer Gene Ther 2008; 15:776-86. [DOI: 10.1038/cgt.2008.43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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16
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Antimetastatic effect of suicide gene therapy for mouse mammary cancers requires T-cell-mediated immune responses. Med Mol Morphol 2008; 41:34-43. [PMID: 18470679 DOI: 10.1007/s00795-007-0388-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2007] [Accepted: 11/06/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
These experiments were conducted to investigate whether the antimetastatic effects of HSVtk/GCV therapy involve T-cell-mediated immune responses. In the first experiment, immunocompetent syngeneic mice were inoculated with metastatic mammary cancers, then given a direct intratumoral injection of a plasmid vector containing a suicide gene (pHSVtk) or control vector once a week for 8 weeks. Gene electrotransfer treatment was applied to the tumors, and mice were administered ganciclovir (GCV) using a mini-osmotic pump. At the end of the experiment, tumor volume was significantly lower in the pHSVtk/GCV group. Macrophage accumulations were frequently observed in the peripheries of the necrotic regions in pHSVtk-transfected mice. Levels of CD4 and CD8 proteins in tumors were higher in the pHSVtk/GCV group than in the control group. Interleukin (IL)-12 mRNA levels tended to be higher in tumors in the pHSVtk/GCV group, but there were large variations. Tumor microvessel density was significantly lower in the pHSVtk/GCV group. The numbers of dilated lymphatic vessels containing intraluminal tumor cells tended to be higher in the pHSVtk/GCV group. However, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A and VEGF-C mRNA levels in tumors were similar in the control and pHSVtk/GCV groups. In the second experiment, tumor volume and metastatic parameters were compared for immunocompetent syngeneic mice and immunodeficient athymic mice (without an intact T-cell system) given pHSVtk/GCV therapy. Although tumor volumes were significantly smaller in both syngeneic and athymic mice given pHSVtk/GCV therapy, the inhibition ratios (relative to control mice) were much greater in syngeneic mice than in athymic mice. No suppression of metastasis to the lymph nodes and lungs was observed for athymic mice given pHSVtk/GCV therapy. Our data suggest that HSVtk/GCV suicide gene therapy exerts an antimetastatic effect via a T-cell-mediated immune response.
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Faggioli F, Soldati S, Scanziani E, Catò EM, Adorni F, Vezzoni P, Noonan DM, Sacco MG. Effects of IL-12 gene therapy on spontaneous transgenic and transplanted breast tumors. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2007; 110:223-6. [PMID: 17687642 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-007-9713-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2007] [Accepted: 07/23/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Cytokines are promising agents for cancer therapy due to their activity at low concentrations. We used a naked IL-12 DNA expression vector to achieve long-term systemic cytokine expression to inhibit breast tumor growth in MMTVneu transgenic and transplanted models. Constant low levels of IL-12 produced by this protocol provided effective tumor growth inhibition of both tumor models without adverse effects.
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Meyer M, Wagner E. Recent developments in the application of plasmid DNA-based vectors and small interfering RNA therapeutics for cancer. Hum Gene Ther 2007; 17:1062-76. [PMID: 17032153 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2006.17.1062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased understanding of the molecular pathological mechanisms of cancer, the advent of novel molecular tools such as synthetic small interfering RNA (siRNA) or plasmid DNA-based vectors (pDNA), and technology for the in vivo delivery of such biomolecular therapeutics have provided an encouraging perspective for cancer therapy. Numerous pDNAs and siRNAs have been tested in preclinical cancer models, and these first approaches have reached clinical evaluation. The therapeutic effector mechanisms include interference with neoangiogenesis, blockage of cell division, promotion of apoptosis and sensitization to chemotherapy, delivery of cytotoxic genes, and activation of anticancer immune responses. Physical methods have been developed for highly effective regional delivery. A series of innovative "smart" formulations directs the current development toward safe and effective systemic tumor-targeted delivery of pDNA and siRNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Meyer
- Department of Pharmacy, Center of Drug Research, Pharmaceutical Biology-Biotechnology, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich 81377, Germany
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Shibata MA, Akao Y, Shibata E, Nozawa Y, Ito T, Mishima S, Morimoto J, Otsuki Y. Vaticanol C, a novel resveratrol tetramer, reduces lymph node and lung metastases of mouse mammary carcinoma carrying p53 mutation. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2007; 60:681-91. [PMID: 17256131 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-007-0414-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2006] [Accepted: 12/29/2006] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The effects of vaticanol C (Vat-C), a novel resveratrol tetramer, were studied in a mouse metastatic mammary cancer model carrying mutations in p53 that produce a metastatic spectrum similar to that seen in human breast cancers. METHODS Mammary tumors, induced by inoculation of syngeneic BALB/c mice with BJMC3879 cells, were subsequently treated with Vat-C at 0, 100 and 200 ppm in their diet. RESULTS The in vitro study demonstrated that Vat-C induced apoptosis, as inferred by morphological changes, nucleosomal DNA fragmentation and elevated activities of caspases. Although tumor volumes were not apparently suppressed in mice treated with Vat-C, the multiplicity of lymph node metastasis was significantly decreased in the 200-ppm group. Furthermore, the multiplicity of lung metastasis was also significantly lower in the 200-ppm group. In any category of organ metastasis, the number of organs with metastasis tended to be lower in the 200-ppm group, but these findings were not statistically significant. The levels of apoptosis were significantly higher in the 200-ppm group, but DNA synthesis only a tended to be lower in this group. Microvessel density in tumors also tended to be lower in the Vat-C-treated groups. Moreover, the numbers of lymphatic vessels having intraluminal tumor cells was significantly lower in mammary tumors of mice given 100 and 200-ppm Vat-C, indicating a reduction in migrating tumor cells into the lymphatic vessels of tumor tissue. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that the observed antimetastatic activity of Vat-C may be of clinical significance as an adjuvant therapy in metastatic human breast cancer having p53 mutations, and may also be useful as a chemopreventative of breast cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masa-Aki Shibata
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Division of Basic Medicine I, Osaka Medical College, 2-7, Daigaku-machi, Takatsuki, Japan.
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Shibata MA, Morimoto J, Doi H, Morishima S, Naka M, Otsuki Y. Electrogene therapy using endostatin, with or without suicide gene therapy, suppresses murine mammary tumor growth and metastasis. Cancer Gene Ther 2006; 14:268-78. [PMID: 17096028 DOI: 10.1038/sj.cgt.7701009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Syngeneic inoculated metastatic mammary cancers received direct intratumoral injection of a plasmid vector containing either endostatin (pEndo) with or without a suicide gene (pHSVtk), pHSVtk alone or control vector once a week for 8 weeks. We applied electrogene transfer to the tumors after each injection and administered ganciclovir (GCV) to pHSVtk-transfected mice using an osmotic minipump. Anticancer efficacy was monitored using a variety of parameters, namely tumor volume, intratumoral microvessel density and DNA synthesis, number of mice with metastasis, and number of sites of metastasis per mouse. Tumor volume was significantly lower in all therapeutic groups, with the most effective growth suppression in the pEndo+pHSVtk/GCV group. Lymph node metastasis was significantly less frequent in all therapeutic groups, whereas the multiplicity of lung metastases was significantly lower only in the pEndo and pEndo+pHSVtk/GCV groups. All therapeutic groups showed significantly lower intratumor microvessel density and DNA synthesis. The pEndo and pEndo+pHSVtk/GCV groups also showed a significant reduction in the numbers of dilated lymphatic vessels containing intralumenal tumor cells. Our data suggest that endostatin electrogene therapy alone or in combination with pHSVtk/GCV suicide gene therapy is more beneficial than suicide gene therapy alone. The observed antimetastatic activity of endostatin may be of high clinical significance in the treatment of metastatic breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- M-A Shibata
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Division of Basic Medicine I, Osaka Medical College, 2-7, Daigaku-machi, Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loree C Heller
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
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Meyer M, Wagner E. Recent Developments in the Application of Plasmid DNA-Based Vectors and Small Interfering RNA Therapeutics for Cancer. Hum Gene Ther 2006. [DOI: 10.1089/hum.2006.17.ft-251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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