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Tavleeva MM, Rasova EE, Rybak AV, Belykh ES, Fefilova EA, Pnachina EM, Velegzhaninov IO. Dose-Dependent Effect of Mitochondrial Superoxide Dismutase Gene Overexpression on Radioresistance of HEK293T Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17315. [PMID: 38139144 PMCID: PMC10744337 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the last two decades, a multitude of gain-of-function studies have been conducted on genes that encode antioxidative enzymes, including one of the key enzymes, manganese superoxide dismutase (SOD2). The results of such studies are often contradictory, as they strongly depend on many factors, such as the gene overexpression level. In this study, the effect of altering the ectopic expression level of major transcript variants of the SOD2 gene on the radioresistance of HEK293T cells was investigated using CRISPRa technology. A significant increase in cell viability in comparison with the transfection control was detected in cells with moderate SOD2 overexpression after irradiation at 2 Gy, but not at 3 or 5 Gy. A further increase in the level of SOD2 ectopic expression up to 22.5-fold resulted in increased cell viability detectable only after irradiation at 5 Gy. Furthermore, a 15-20-fold increase in SOD2 expression raised the clonogenic survival of cells after irradiation at 5 Gy. Simultaneous overexpression of genes encoding SOD2 and Catalase (CAT) enhanced clonogenic cell survival after irradiation more effectively than separate overexpression of both. In conjunction with the literature data on the suppression of the procarcinogenic effects of superoxide dismutase overexpression by ectopic expression of CAT, the data presented here suggest the potential efficacy of simultaneous overexpression of SOD2 and CAT to reduce oxidative stress occurring in various pathological processes. Moreover, these results illustrate the importance of selecting the degree of SOD2 overexpression to obtain a protective effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina M. Tavleeva
- Institute of Biology of Komi Scientific Centre, Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 28b Kommunisticheskaya St., Syktyvkar 167982, Russia; (M.M.T.); (E.E.R.); (A.V.R.); (E.S.B.)
| | - Elena E. Rasova
- Institute of Biology of Komi Scientific Centre, Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 28b Kommunisticheskaya St., Syktyvkar 167982, Russia; (M.M.T.); (E.E.R.); (A.V.R.); (E.S.B.)
| | - Anna V. Rybak
- Institute of Biology of Komi Scientific Centre, Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 28b Kommunisticheskaya St., Syktyvkar 167982, Russia; (M.M.T.); (E.E.R.); (A.V.R.); (E.S.B.)
| | - Elena S. Belykh
- Institute of Biology of Komi Scientific Centre, Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 28b Kommunisticheskaya St., Syktyvkar 167982, Russia; (M.M.T.); (E.E.R.); (A.V.R.); (E.S.B.)
| | - Elizaveta A. Fefilova
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 4 Tikhoretsky Ave., St. Petersburg 194064, Russia;
| | - Elizaveta M. Pnachina
- Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 23 Gagarin Ave., Nizhny Novgorod 603950, Russia;
| | - Ilya O. Velegzhaninov
- Institute of Biology of Komi Scientific Centre, Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, 28b Kommunisticheskaya St., Syktyvkar 167982, Russia; (M.M.T.); (E.E.R.); (A.V.R.); (E.S.B.)
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2
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Wei F, Neal CJ, Sakthivel TS, Fu Y, Omer M, Adhikary A, Ward S, Ta KM, Moxon S, Molinari M, Asiatico J, Kinzel M, Yarmolenko SN, San Cheong V, Orlovskaya N, Ghosh R, Seal S, Coathup M. A novel approach for the prevention of ionizing radiation-induced bone loss using a designer multifunctional cerium oxide nanozyme. Bioact Mater 2022; 21:547-565. [PMID: 36185749 PMCID: PMC9507991 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2022.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The disability, mortality and costs due to ionizing radiation (IR)-induced osteoporotic bone fractures are substantial and no effective therapy exists. Ionizing radiation increases cellular oxidative damage, causing an imbalance in bone turnover that is primarily driven via heightened activity of the bone-resorbing osteoclast. We demonstrate that rats exposed to sublethal levels of IR develop fragile, osteoporotic bone. At reactive surface sites, cerium ions have the ability to easily undergo redox cycling: drastically adjusting their electronic configurations and versatile catalytic activities. These properties make cerium oxide nanomaterials fascinating. We show that an engineered artificial nanozyme composed of cerium oxide, and designed to possess a higher fraction of trivalent (Ce3+) surface sites, mitigates the IR-induced loss in bone area, bone architecture, and strength. These investigations also demonstrate that our nanozyme furnishes several mechanistic avenues of protection and selectively targets highly damaging reactive oxygen species, protecting the rats against IR-induced DNA damage, cellular senescence, and elevated osteoclastic activity in vitro and in vivo. Further, we reveal that our nanozyme is a previously unreported key regulator of osteoclast formation derived from macrophages while also directly targeting bone progenitor cells, favoring new bone formation despite its exposure to harmful levels of IR in vitro. These findings open a new approach for the specific prevention of IR-induced bone loss using synthesis-mediated designer multifunctional nanomaterials.
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Key Words
- ALP, Alkaline phosphatase
- BMSC, Bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells
- Bone resorption
- Bone strength
- CAT, Catalase
- COLI, Collagen type I
- CTSK, Cathepsin K
- CTX-1, Cross-linked C-telopeptide of type I collagen
- CeONPs, Cerium oxide nanoparticles
- Cerium oxide
- DFT, Density functional theory
- DNA, Deoxyribonucleic acid
- EPR, Electron paramagnetic resonance
- FDA, Food and Drug Administration
- GPX, Glutathione peroxidase
- Gy, Gray
- HIF1α, Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha
- IL-1β, Interleukin 1 beta
- IL-6, Interleukin 6
- IR, Ionizing radiation
- Ionizing radiation
- MNGC, Multinucleated giant cell
- Nanozyme
- OCN, Osteocalcin
- Osteoporosis
- RANKL, Receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-Β ligand
- ROS, Reactive oxygen species
- SAED, Selected area electron diffraction
- SOD, Superoxide dismutase
- TRAP, Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase
- XPS, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Wei
- Biionix Cluster, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Craig J. Neal
- Advanced Materials Processing and Analysis Centre, Nanoscience Technology Center (NSTC), Materials Science and Engineering, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | | | - Yifei Fu
- Advanced Materials Processing and Analysis Centre, Nanoscience Technology Center (NSTC), Materials Science and Engineering, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Mahmoud Omer
- Biionix Cluster, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Amitava Adhikary
- Department of Chemistry, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, MI, USA
| | - Samuel Ward
- Department of Chemistry, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, MI, USA
| | - Khoa Minh Ta
- School of Applied Sciences, Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Huddersfield, UK
| | - Samuel Moxon
- School of Applied Sciences, Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Huddersfield, UK
| | - Marco Molinari
- School of Applied Sciences, Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Huddersfield, UK
| | - Jackson Asiatico
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Michael Kinzel
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Sergey N. Yarmolenko
- Engineering Research Center for Revolutionizing Biomaterials, North Carolina A & T University, Greensboro, NC, USA
| | - Vee San Cheong
- Department of Automatic Control and Systems Engineering, Insigneo Institute for In Silico Medicine, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S1 3JD, UK
| | - Nina Orlovskaya
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Ranajay Ghosh
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Sudipta Seal
- Biionix Cluster, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
- Advanced Materials Processing and Analysis Centre, Nanoscience Technology Center (NSTC), Materials Science and Engineering, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Melanie Coathup
- Biionix Cluster, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
- Corresponding author. Biionix Cluster, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA.
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Sonis ST. Superoxide Dismutase as an Intervention for Radiation Therapy-Associated Toxicities: Review and Profile of Avasopasem Manganese as a Treatment Option for Radiation-Induced Mucositis. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2021; 15:1021-1029. [PMID: 33716500 PMCID: PMC7944116 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s267400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Toxicities associated with radiation therapy are common, symptomatically devastating, and costly. The best chance to effectively mitigate radiation-associated normal tissue side effects are interventions aimed at disrupting the biological cascade, which is the basis for toxicity development, while simultaneously not reducing the beneficial impact of radiation on tumor. Oxidative stress is a key initiator of radiation-associated normal tissue injury as physiologic antioxidant mechanisms are overwhelmed by the accumulation of effects produced by fractionated treatment regimens. And fundamental to this is the generation of superoxide, which is normally removed by superoxide dismutases (SODs). Attempts to supplement the activity of endogenous SOD to prevent radiation-induced normal tissue injury have included the administration of bovine-derived SOD and increasing SOD production using gene transfer, neither of which has resulted in a clinically acceptable therapy. A third approach has been to develop synthetic small molecule dismutase mimetics. This approach has led to the creation and development of avasopasem manganese, a unique and specific dismutase mimetic that, in clinical trials, has shown promising potential to reduce the incidence, severity and duration of severe oral mucositis amongst patients being treated with concomitant chemoradiation for cancers of the head and neck. Further, avasopasem and related analogues have demonstrated mechanism-related antitumor synergy in combination with high dose per fraction radiotherapy, an observation that is also being tested in clinical trials. An ongoing Phase 3 trial seeks to confirm avasopasem manganese as an effective intervention for severe oral mucositis associated with chemoradiation in head and neck cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen T Sonis
- Primary Endpoint Solutions, Waltham, MA, 02451, USA.,Brigham and Women's Hospital and the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
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Kim KJ, Min JH, Yoo I, Kim SW, Lee J, Ryu S, You YH, Park JS, Jeong WJ, Cho YC, Oh SK, In YN, Ahn HJ, Kang CS, Kyung H, Lee BK, Lee DH, Lee DH. Negative pressure wound therapy for skin necrosis prevention after snakebite in the emergency department: A retrospective cohort study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e24290. [PMID: 33546055 PMCID: PMC7837876 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000024290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This retrospective cohort study aimed to compare the effectiveness of conventional treatment and ultra-early application of negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) in patients with snakebites.Patients who visited the emergency department within 24 hours after a snakebite were assigned to the non- NPWT or NPWT group. Swelling resolution time and rates of necrosis, infection, and operations were compared between the 2 groups. The Stony Brook Scar Evaluation Scale was used to measure short- and long-term wound healing results.Among the included 61 patients, the swelling resolution time was significantly shorter in the NPWT group than in non- NPWT group (P = .010). The NPWT group showed lower necrosis (4.3% versus 36.8%; P = .003) and infection (13.2% and 4.3%; P = .258) rates than the non- NPWT group. The median Stony Brook Scar Evaluation Scale scores were higher in the NPWT group than in the non- NPWT group (P< .001).These findings suggest that ultra-early application of NPWT reduces edema, promotes wound healing, and prevents necrosis in patients with snakebites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwan Jae Kim
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, 282
| | - Jin Hong Min
- Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, 266, Munhwa-ro, Jung-gu, Daejeon
- Department of Emergency Medicine
| | - Insool Yoo
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, 282
- Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, 266, Munhwa-ro, Jung-gu, Daejeon
| | - Seung Whan Kim
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, 282
- Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, 266, Munhwa-ro, Jung-gu, Daejeon
| | - Jinwoong Lee
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, 282
| | - Seung Ryu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, 282
| | - Yeon Ho You
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, 282
| | - Jung Soo Park
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, 282
- Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, 266, Munhwa-ro, Jung-gu, Daejeon
| | - Won Joon Jeong
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, 282
| | - Yong Chul Cho
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, 282
| | | | | | - Hong Joon Ahn
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, 282
| | - Chang Shin Kang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chungnam National University Hospital, 282
| | - Hyunwoo Kyung
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Chungnam National University Sejong Hospital, 7, Bodam-ro, Sejong
| | - Byung Kook Lee
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chonnam National University School of Medicine
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chonnam National University Hospital, 42, Jebong-ro, Dong-gu, Gwangju
| | - Dong Hun Lee
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chonnam National University Hospital, 42, Jebong-ro, Dong-gu, Gwangju
| | - Dong Hoon Lee
- Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, 47, Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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5
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Szumiel I. Ionizing radiation-induced oxidative stress, epigenetic changes and genomic instability: The pivotal role of mitochondria. Int J Radiat Biol 2014; 91:1-12. [DOI: 10.3109/09553002.2014.934929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Holley AK, Miao L, St Clair DK, St Clair WH. Redox-modulated phenomena and radiation therapy: the central role of superoxide dismutases. Antioxid Redox Signal 2014; 20:1567-89. [PMID: 24094070 PMCID: PMC3942704 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2012.5000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Ionizing radiation is a vital component in the oncologist's arsenal for the treatment of cancer. Approximately 50% of all cancer patients will receive some form of radiation therapy as part of their treatment regimen. DNA is considered the major cellular target of ionizing radiation and can be damaged directly by radiation or indirectly through reactive oxygen species (ROS) formed from the radiolysis of water, enzyme-mediated ROS production, and ROS resulting from altered aerobic metabolism. RECENT ADVANCES ROS are produced as a byproduct of oxygen metabolism, and superoxide dismutases (SODs) are the chief scavengers. ROS contribute to the radioresponsiveness of normal and tumor tissues, and SODs modulate the radioresponsiveness of tissues, thus affecting the efficacy of radiotherapy. CRITICAL ISSUES Despite its prevalent use, radiation therapy suffers from certain limitations that diminish its effectiveness, including tumor hypoxia and normal tissue damage. Oxygen is important for the stabilization of radiation-induced DNA damage, and tumor hypoxia dramatically decreases radiation efficacy. Therefore, auxiliary therapies are needed to increase the effectiveness of radiation therapy against tumor tissues while minimizing normal tissue injury. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Because of the importance of ROS in the response of normal and cancer tissues to ionizing radiation, methods that differentially modulate the ROS scavenging ability of cells may prove to be an important method to increase the radiation response in cancer tissues and simultaneously mitigate the damaging effects of ionizing radiation on normal tissues. Altering the expression or activity of SODs may prove valuable in maximizing the overall effectiveness of ionizing radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron K Holley
- 1 Graduate Center for Toxicology, University of Kentucky , Lexington, Kentucky
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7
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Hematopoietic stem cell regeneration enhanced by ectopic expression of ROS-detoxifying enzymes in transplant mice. Mol Ther 2013; 21:423-32. [PMID: 23295952 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2012.232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
High levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) can exhaust hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). Thus, maintaining a low state of redox in HSCs by modulating ROS-detoxifying enzymes may augment the regeneration potential of HSCs. Our results show that basal expression of manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) and catalase were at low levels in long-term and short-term repopulating HSCs, and administration of a MnSOD plasmid and lipofectin complex (MnSOD-PL) conferred radiation protection on irradiated recipient mice. To assess the intrinsic role of elevated MnSOD or catalase in HSCs and hematopoietic progenitor cells, the MnSOD or catalase gene was overexpressed in mouse hematopoietic cells via retroviral transduction. The impact of MnSOD and catalase on hematopoietic progenitor cells was mild, as measured by colony-forming units (CFUs). However, overexpressed catalase had a significant beneficial effect on long-term engraftment of transplanted HSCs, and this effect was further enhanced after an insult of low-dose γ-irradiation in the transplant mice. In contrast, overexpressed MnSOD exhibited an insignificant effect on long-term engraftment of transplanted HSCs, but had a significant beneficial effect after an insult of sublethal irradiation. Taken together, these results demonstrate that HSC function can be enhanced by ectopic expression of ROS-detoxifying enzymes, especially after radiation exposure in vivo.
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Bougen NM, Steiner M, Pertziger M, Banerjee A, Brunet-Dunand SE, Zhu T, Lobie PE, Perry JK. Autocrine human GH promotes radioresistance in mammary and endometrial carcinoma cells. Endocr Relat Cancer 2012; 19:625-44. [PMID: 22807498 DOI: 10.1530/erc-12-0042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Although recent advances in breast cancer treatment regimes have improved patient prognosis, resistance to breast cancer therapies, such as radiotherapy, is still a major clinical challenge. In the current study, we have investigated the role of autocrine human GH (hGH) in resistance to ionising radiation (IR)-based therapy. Cell viability and total cell number assays demonstrated that autocrine hGH promoted cell regrowth in the mammary carcinoma cell lines, MDA-MB-435S and T47D, and the endometrial carcinoma cell line, RL95-2, following treatment with IR. In addition, autocrine hGH enhanced MDA-MB-435S and T47D cell clonogenic survival following radiation exposure. The enhanced clonogenic survival afforded by autocrine hGH was mediated by JAK2 and Src kinases. Investigation into the DNA repair capacity demonstrated that autocrine hGH reduced IR-induced DNA damage in MDA-MB-435S and T47D cells. Functional antagonism of hGH increased RL95-2 sensitivity to IR in cell viability and total cell number assays, reduced clonogenic survival and enhanced the induction of DNA damage. Thus, autocrine hGH reduced sensitivity to treatment with IR in mammary and endometrial carcinoma cell lines in vitro, while functional antagonism of hGH sensitised endometrial carcinoma cells to IR. Functional antagonism of hGH, used in conjunction with radiotherapy, may therefore enhance treatment efficacy and improve the prognosis of patients with breast and endometrial cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola M Bougen
- The Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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Fritz G, Henninger C, Huelsenbeck J. Potential use of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins) as radioprotective agents. Br Med Bull 2011; 97:17-26. [PMID: 21252099 DOI: 10.1093/bmb/ldq044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins) are widely used in the therapy of hypercholesterolemia. Apart from their lipid-lowering activity, they have pleiotropic effects that are attributed to the inhibition of regulatory proteins, including Ras-homologous (Rho) GTPases. Here, we discuss the potential usefulness of statins to prevent normal tissue damage provoked by radiotherapy. Statins reduce the mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic cytokines stimulated by ionizing radiation in vitro and alleviate IR-induced inflammation and fibrosis in vivo. The currently available data indicate that statins accelerate the rapid repair of DNA double-strand breaks and, moreover, mitigate the DNA damage response induced by IR. Furthermore, statins increase the mRNA expression of DNA repair factors in vivo. Thus, although the molecular mechanisms involved are still ambiguous, preclinical data concordantly show a promising radioprotective capacity of statins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerhard Fritz
- University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Institute of Toxicology, Germany.
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10
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Antioxidant intervention: a new method for improving hematopoietic reconstitution capacity of peripheral blood stem cells. Med Hypotheses 2010; 76:421-3. [PMID: 21123001 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2010.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2010] [Revised: 10/30/2010] [Accepted: 11/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In peripheral blood stem cell transplantation, bone marrow hematopoietic stem cells (BM HSCs) are collected as they are released from the hypoxic bone marrow, then infused into peripheral blood with higher oxygen concentration after mobilization. In some cases, in vitro amplification culture under normal oxygen may be required, and homing into the hypoxic bone marrow is further carried out after intravenous re-infusion, thereby resulting in constant changes in the reactive oxygen species (ROS). The high-level ROS can damage the hematopoietic reconstitution capacity of HSCs. Thus, the application of antioxidant intervention in the in vivo mobilization of BM HSC and the in vitro culture process of peripheral blood stem cells may be effective against the negative effects of ROS on BM HSC. Antioxidant intervention may also better protect the hematopoietic reconstitution capacity of HSCs, as well as improve the success rate of transplantation.
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11
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Qu Y, Zhao S, Hong J, Tang S. Radiosensitive gene therapy through imRNA expression for silencing manganese superoxide dismutase. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2009; 136:953-9. [PMID: 20012547 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-009-0739-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2009] [Accepted: 11/19/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In radiotherapy, therapeutic efficacy for the control of cancer is often limited by tumor tissue radioresistance including nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Exposure of cells to ionizing radiation (IR) leads to the formation of reactive oxygen species that are associated with radiation-induced cellular apoptosis and necrosis. The antioxidant enzyme manganese superoxide dismutase (SOD2) catalyzes the dismutation of the superoxide anions into hydrogen peroxide. METHODS We have investigated the potential of SOD2 gene silencing, through plasmid transfer using a microRNA interference optimized for transcription in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell line cells, to degrade the radioresistance of a human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell line. Using these as in vitro models we have investigated whether SOD2 gene therapy may be suitable for the reduction of the nasopharyngeal carcinoma resistance to the effects of IR. RESULTS Here we demonstrate using both biological and physical assays that silencing of SOD2 enhances the radiosensitivity of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells to IR injury. Our results show that a decrease in the levels of SOD2 mRNA and protein within CNE1 cells (down-regulated 65 and 80%) leads to a significant decrease in clonogenic survival (from 24.5 to 9.67% at 2 Gy, from 9.12 to 2.45% at 4 Gy), as evident by a significant decrease in Dbar (from 1.923 to 0.617 Gy), SF(2) (from 0.403 to 0.021) values, and a significant increase in the alpha value (from 0.228 +/- 0.070 to 1.064 +/- 0.210/Gy) when compared either to cells transduced with a Gateway-adapted expression vector encoding EmGFP alone or to the parental line. CONCLUSIONS The results presented suggest that miRNA for silencing SOD2 radiosensitizing gene therapy maybe applicable to the nasopharyngeal carcinoma, improving the therapeutic ratio of cancer radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaming Qu
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Xiang Ya Hospital, Central South University, 410008 Changsha, China
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12
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Ying YLM, Balaban CD. Regional distribution of manganese superoxide dismutase 2 (Mn SOD2) expression in rodent and primate spiral ganglion cells. Hear Res 2009; 253:116-24. [PMID: 19376215 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2009.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2009] [Revised: 04/02/2009] [Accepted: 04/02/2009] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Manganese superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) is a key metabolic anti-oxidant enzyme for detoxifying free radicals inside mitochondria. This study documents a gradient in expression of SOD2 by spiral ganglion cells in basal versus apical turn of cochlea that is consistent with differential vulnerability of high frequency hearing to free radical damage. Immunohistochemical methods were used to identify distribution of SOD2 in temporal bone sections from mice, rats, macaques, and humans. In mice and rats, both the proportion of SOD2 immunopositive type 1 spiral ganglion cells and the intensity of immunoreactivity were elevated near cochlear apex. In macaques and humans, the proportion of SO2 immunopositive spiral ganglion cells was equal across cochlear turn, but the intensity of immunoreactivity remained highest for ganglion cells near cochlear apex. Strong SOD2 immunoreactivity was also observed in human type 1 spiral ganglion cells. The average area density of SOD2 immunoreactivity in ganglion cells for each species and cochlear turn showed an allometric relationship with body weight, which is consistent with a conserved basal metabolic characteristic. These findings suggest that spiral ganglion cell responses to ROS exposure may vary along cochlear spiral with lower response capacity at cochlear base contributing to cumulative susceptibility to high frequency hearing loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Lan Mary Ying
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Pittsburgh, 200 Lothrop Street, Suite # 500, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
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Park MR, Xu F, Cheng T. The Effect of an Ectopic Overexpression of MnSOD in Mouse Hematopoietic Stem Cells. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF HEMATOLOGY 2009. [DOI: 10.5045/kjh.2009.44.2.82] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Moo Rim Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan, Korea
| | - Feng Xu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Tao Cheng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, USA
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Clavin NW, Fernandez J, Schönmeyr BH, Soares MA, Mehrara BJ. Fractionated doses of ionizing radiation confer protection to mesenchymal stem cell pluripotency. Plast Reconstr Surg 2008; 122:739-748. [PMID: 18766036 DOI: 10.1097/prs.0b013e318180edaa] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although it is clear that radiation therapy can cause tissue injury, the degree of injury that is observed clinically can be highly variable. It is possible that variability in the methods by which ionizing radiation is delivered can contribute to some of the observed variability. Thus, the purpose of this study was to assess the effects of various fractionation schedules on the growth and differentiation potential of isolated mesenchymal stem cells in vitro. METHODS Isolated mesenchymal stem cells (triplicate studies) were exposed to a dose of 12 Gy of ionizing radiation as a single dose, in two doses of 6 Gy, or in six doses of 2 Gy. Cellular proliferation and the potential for differentiation along the bone and fat lineage were assessed. Potential mechanisms for injury and protection were evaluated by analyzing the expression of p21 and manganese superoxide dismutase. RESULTS Delivery of radiation in multiple doses confers significant radioprotection to mesenchymal stem cell proliferation and potential for differentiation. In contrast, delivery of 12 Gy of radiation as a single dose or as two equal doses of 6 Gy results in marked deficiencies in cellular proliferation and potential for multilineage cellular differentiation. CONCLUSIONS The authors have demonstrated that even minor alterations in fractionation of radiation dose can result in significant effects on the potential of mesenchymal stem cells to differentiate. These findings imply that at least some of the variability in tissue damage after radiation therapy observed clinically may be attributable to differences in the delivery of ionizing radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas W Clavin
- New York, N.Y. From the Plastic and Reconstructive Service, Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center
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15
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Fowler PA, Dorà NJ, McFerran H, Amezaga MR, Miller DW, Lea RG, Cash P, McNeilly AS, Evans NP, Cotinot C, Sharpe RM, Rhind SM. In utero exposure to low doses of environmental pollutants disrupts fetal ovarian development in sheep. Mol Hum Reprod 2008; 14:269-80. [PMID: 18436539 PMCID: PMC2408934 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gan020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies of the impact of environmental chemicals on reproductive health demonstrate consequences of exposure but establishing causative links requires animal models using ‘real life’ in utero exposures. We aimed to determine whether prolonged, low-dose, exposure of pregnant sheep to a mixture of environmental chemicals affects fetal ovarian development. Exposure of treated ewes (n = 7) to pollutants was maximized by surface application of processed sewage sludge to pasture. Control ewes (n = 10) were reared on pasture treated with inorganic fertilizer. Ovaries and blood were collected from fetuses (n = 15 control and n = 8 treated) on Day 110 of gestation for investigation of fetal endocrinology, ovarian follicle/oocyte numbers and ovarian proteome. Treated fetuses were 14% lighter than controls but fetal ovary weights were unchanged. Prolactin (48% lower) was the only measured hormone significantly affected by treatment. Treatment reduced numbers of growth differentiation factor (GDF9) and induced myeloid leukaemia cell differentiation protein (MCL1) positive oocytes by 25–26% and increased pro-apoptotic BAX by 65% and 42% of protein spots in the treated ovarian proteome were differently expressed compared with controls. Nineteen spots were identified and included proteins involved in gene expression/transcription, protein synthesis, phosphorylation and receptor activity. Fetal exposure to environmental chemicals, via the mother, significantly perturbs fetal ovarian development. If such effects are replicated in humans, premature menopause could be an outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul A Fowler
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Institute of Medical Sciences, CLSM, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, UK.
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16
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Was H, Cichon T, Smolarczyk R, Rudnicka D, Stopa M, Chevalier C, Leger JJ, Lackowska B, Grochot A, Bojkowska K, Ratajska A, Kieda C, Szala S, Dulak J, Jozkowicz A. Overexpression of heme oxygenase-1 in murine melanoma: increased proliferation and viability of tumor cells, decreased survival of mice. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2006; 169:2181-98. [PMID: 17148680 PMCID: PMC1762485 DOI: 10.2353/ajpath.2006.051365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/15/2006] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), a cytoprotective enzyme, can be induced in tumors in response to anti-cancer therapies. We investigated the role of HO-1 in B16(F10), S91, and Sk-mel188 melanoma cells. Overexpression of HO-1 after transduction with adenoviral vectors increased cell proliferation, resistance to oxidative stress generated by H2O2, and angiogenic potential as determined by induction of endothelial cell divisions. Likewise, cells stably transfected with HO-1 cDNA (B16-HO-1) showed higher proliferation, stress resistance, and angiogenic activity than the wild-type line (B16-WT). HO-1 overexpression in tumors significantly shortened survival of mice after subcutaneous injection of cancer cells (38 and 22 days for B16-WT and B16-HO-1, respectively; P=0.017). This also resulted in development of more packed tumors, with more melanoma cells, and reduced inflammatory edemas. Mice injected with B16-HO-1 had lower levels of tumor necrosis factor and higher serum concentrations of its soluble receptor tumor necrosis factor-RI, whereas tumors overexpressing HO-1 displayed augmented vascularization and stronger production of vascular endothelial growth factor. Finally, B16-HO-1 cells injected intravenously formed more metastases in lungs. Thus, HO-1 overexpression increased viability, proliferation, and angiogenic potential of melanoma cells, augmented metastasis, and decreased survival of tumor-bearing mice, suggesting that induction of HO-1 may be detrimental in anti-cancer therapy of melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halina Was
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
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