Multicomponent Synthesis of 4-Aryl-4,9-dihydro-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]quinolines Using L-Proline as a Catalyst-Does It Really Proceed?

Looking for effective synthetic methods for 1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]quinolines preparation, we came across a procedure where, in a three-component reaction catalysed by L-proline, 4-aryl-4,9-dihydro-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]quinolines are formed. These compounds can be easily oxidised to a fully aromatic system, which gives hope for a synthetic method that could replace, e.g., Friedländer condensation, often used for this purpose, even though severely limited by the availability of suitable substrates. However, after careful repetition of the procedures described in the publication, it turned out that the compounds described therein do not form at all. The actual compounds turned out to be 4,4-(phenyl-methylene)-bis-(3-methyl-1-phenylpyrazol-5-oles). Therefore, 4-Aryl-4,9-dihydro-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]quinolines were prepared by another method and used as standards to compare the products formed in the original procedure.

Phosphomolybdic acid hydrate encapsulated in MIL-53 (Fe): a novel heterogeneous heteropoly acid catalyst for ultrasound-assisted regioselective nitration of phenols

In this study, a heterogeneous catalyst, PMA@MIL-53 (Fe) (MIL ⇒ Matériaux de l'Institut Lavoisier), has been used to replace the usual mineral acids such as sulfuric acid. A wide variety of nitration methods require the use of a mixture of acids such as concentrated nitric acid and sulfuric acid, which result in producing a large amount of acidic waste. During recent years, the use of the heterogeneous system for the nitration of aromatic compounds has been highly considered and used by chemists due to some specific advantages, i.e. easy separation of the product from the reaction mixture, the possibility of recycling and reusing the catalyst, etc. Herein, the catalyst was synthesized using a metal-organic framework and a heteropoly phosphomolybdic acid. The PMA@MIL-53 (Fe) was prepared using a similar method of MIL-53 (Fe) synthesis. Afterwards, FeCl3·6H2O and 1,4-benzene dicarboxylic acid (BDC) in a dimethylformamide solution were placed in an ultrasound bath and, then, HPA (heteropoly acid) was added to the reaction mixture. The PMA (phosphomolybdic acid) encapsulation in MIL-53 (Fe) was confirmed using various analysis. Under optimal conditions, the catalytic activity of PMA@MIL-53 (Fe) was evaluated in nitration of phenol under ultrasonic waves. Besides, the ratio of the two products of ortho and para was obtained using GC. Optimum conditions were reached after 15 minutes, in such a way that the loaded PMA was 0.02 g under optimal conditions, the efficiencies of ortho-nitrophenol and para nitrophenol were 54.98 and 45.01, respectively.

Recent green approaches for the synthesis of pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines: A mini review

Pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine as a bioisostere of purine has drawn considerable attention as a privileged scaffold for the design and discovery of novel drugs. Green synthesis is an emerging area in the field of chemistry that provides economic and environmental benefits as an alternative to traditional methods. The present mini review reflects recent advances in the green synthesis of pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidines, published in the time frame from 2006 to 2019.

Ultrasound-assisted synthesis of pyrimidines and their fused derivatives: A review

The pyrimidine scaffold is present in many bioactive drugs; therefore, efficient synthetic routes that provide shorter reaction times, higher yields, and site-selective reactions are constantly being sought. Ultrasound (US) irradiation has emerged as an alternative energy source in the synthesis of these heterocyclic scaffolds, and over the last ten years there has been a significant increase in the number of publications mentioning US in either the construction or derivatization of the pyrimidine core. This review presents a detailed summary (with 140 references) of the effects of US (synergic or not) on the construction and derivatization of the pyrimidine core through classical reactions (e.g., multicomponent, cyclocondensation, cycloaddition, and alkylation reactions). The main points that were taken into consideration are as follows: chemo- and regioselectivity issues, and the results of conventional heating methods compared to US and mechanistic insights that are also presented and discussed for key reactions.

Green synthesis and pharmacological screening of polyhydroquinoline derivatives bearing a fluorinated 5-aryloxypyrazole nucleus

Green synthesis, biological evaluation and SAR study of polyhydroquinoline scaffold bearing fluorinated 5-aryloxypyrazole nucleus is discussed.

Sulfonated nanohydroxyapatite functionalized with 2-aminoethyl dihydrogen phosphate (HAP@AEPH2-SO3H) as a new recyclable and eco-friendly catalyst for rapid one-pot synthesis of 4,4′-(aryl methylene)bis(3-methyl-1H-pyrazol-5-ol)s

HAP@AEPH₂-SO₃H, a new, green, solid acid catalyst, was prepared, characterized and applied for the synthesis of 4,4′-(aryl methylene)bis(3-methyl-1H-pyrazol-5-ol)s.