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Zhang M, Zhang Z, Li Y. Mechanisms and Origins of Regio- and Stereoselectivities in NHC-Catalyzed [3 + 3] Annulation of α-Bromoenals and 5-Aminoisoxazoles: A DFT Study. J Org Chem 2024. [PMID: 38996054 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/14/2024]
Abstract
Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were conducted to explore the mechanisms and origins of regio- and stereoselectivities underlying the [3 + 3] annulation reaction between α-bromoenals and 5-aminoisoxazoles with N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) as the catalyst. The reaction occurs in nine steps: (1) nucleophilic addition of NHC to α-bromoenal, (2) Breslow intermediate formation through 1,2-proton transfer, (3) debromination, (4) α,β-unsaturated acyl azolium intermediate formation via 1,3-proton transfer, (5) addition of α,β-unsaturated acyl azolium intermediate to 5-aminoisoxazole, (6) deprotonation, (7) protonation, (8) ring closure, and (9) elimination of NHC. For the fifth step, 1,2-addition suggested in the experiment was not supported by our results. Instead, we found that Michael addition is energetically the most feasible pathway and the stereo-controlling step that preferentially provides the S-configuration product. DFT-computed results and experimental findings agree well. Analysis of distortion/interaction reveals that lower distortion energy leads to stability of the transition state corresponding to the S-configuration product. Global reactivity index analysis indicates that the behavior of the NHC catalyst differs significantly before and after the Breslow intermediate debromination. Before debromination, the nucleophilicity of α-bromoenal is enhanced by addition to NHC. However, after debromination, the α,β-unsaturated acyl azole generates and acts as an electrophilic reagent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingchao Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, Anshan 114051, P. R. China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, Anshan 114051, P. R. China
| | - Yan Li
- School of Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, Anshan 114051, P. R. China
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Bagherinejad A, Alizadeh A. A review of the synthetic strategies toward spirobarbiturate-fused 3- to 7-membered rings. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:7188-7215. [PMID: 36070341 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob01326f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Spiro-connected hexahydropyrimidine-2,4,6-trione heterocyclic rings have received increasing attention from the viewpoint of biological activity and synthetic methods due to the importance of the rigid heterocyclic system and unique orientation of the functional substituents. Since 1900, numerous studies have exploited the synthesis of various spirobarbiturate-fused carbo- and heterocycles by applying different strategies. Due to the importance of barbiturate-based olefins as activated alkenes, these substrates have been utilized in many reactions. In addition, the nucleophilic addition of 1,3-disubstituted barbituric acid to different electrophiles has been applied to prepare highly functionalized spirobarbiturate scaffolds. This short review highlights various strategies for synthesizing spirobarbiturate-fused 3- to 7-membered carbo- and heterocyclic rings and some catalytic diastereoselective and enantioselective chemical reactions to access chiral compounds. The sections are divided by the incorporation of 3- to 7-membered heterocyclic or carbocyclic rings into a spirobarbiturate scaffold, and are presented in different subsections depending on the mechanistic details.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akram Bagherinejad
- Department of Chemistry, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box 14115-175, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Abdolali Alizadeh
- Department of Chemistry, Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box 14115-175, Tehran, Iran.
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Ziarani GM, Khademi M, Mohajer F, Yadav S, Tomar R. Recent Advances in the Application of Barbituric Acid Derivatives in Multicomponent Reactions. CURR ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/1385272826666211229150318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract:
Barbituric acid is a pyrimidine heterocyclic organic compound, which is pharmacologically active. It is important to build structures containing various medicinal activities. This compound attracts the scientific research community in organic synthesis. It can be used in the synthesis of polyheterocyclic, natural, medicinal compounds, and organic sensors. Herein, the utilization of barbituric or thiobarbituric acid in multicomponent reactions is reported from 2016-2021 in this manuscript.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mahdieh Khademi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Physics and Chemistry, Alzahra University, Tehran Iran
| | - Fatemeh Mohajer
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Physics and Chemistry, Alzahra University, Tehran Iran
| | - Sangeete Yadav
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Shree Guru Gobind Singh Tricentenary University, India
| | - Ravi Tomar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Shree Guru Gobind Singh Tricentenary University, India
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Synthesis of isoxazolo[5,4-b]pyridine derivatives (microreview). Chem Heterocycl Compd (N Y) 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10593-021-02959-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Features of 3-amino-5-methylisoxazole in heterocyclizations involving pyruvic acids. Chem Heterocycl Compd (N Y) 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10593-019-02422-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Murlykina MV, Morozova AD, Zviagin IM, Sakhno YI, Desenko SM, Chebanov VA. Aminoazole-Based Diversity-Oriented Synthesis of Heterocycles. Front Chem 2018; 6:527. [PMID: 30555815 PMCID: PMC6282055 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2018.00527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The comprehensive review contains the analysis of literature data concerning reactions of heterocyclization of aminoazoles and demonstrates the application of these types of transformations in diversity-oriented synthesis. The review is oriented to wide range of chemists working in the field of organic synthesis and both experimental and theoretical studies of nitrogen-containing heterocycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryna V Murlykina
- Department of Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, State Scientific Institution "Institute for Single Crystals", National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (NAS), Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Alisa D Morozova
- Department of Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, State Scientific Institution "Institute for Single Crystals", National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (NAS), Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Ievgen M Zviagin
- Department of Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, State Scientific Institution "Institute for Single Crystals", National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (NAS), Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Yana I Sakhno
- Department of Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, State Scientific Institution "Institute for Single Crystals", National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (NAS), Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Sergey M Desenko
- Department of Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, State Scientific Institution "Institute for Single Crystals", National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (NAS), Kharkiv, Ukraine.,Chemistry Faculty, Karazin Kharkiv National University, Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Valentyn A Chebanov
- Department of Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, State Scientific Institution "Institute for Single Crystals", National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (NAS), Kharkiv, Ukraine.,Chemistry Faculty, Karazin Kharkiv National University, Kharkiv, Ukraine
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Features of two- and multicomponent heterocyclization reactions involving 3,4-disubstituted 5-aminopyrazoles and alkyl pyruvates. Tetrahedron 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2017.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Murlykina MV, Kornet MN, Desenko SM, Shishkina SV, Shishkin OV, Brazhko AA, Musatov VI, Van der Eycken EV, Chebanov VA. New tricks of well-known aminoazoles in isocyanide-based multicomponent reactions and antibacterial activity of the compounds synthesized. Beilstein J Org Chem 2017; 13:1050-1063. [PMID: 28684984 PMCID: PMC5480327 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.13.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The well-known aminoazoles, 3-amino-5-methylisoxazole and 5-amino-N-aryl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxamides, were studied as an amine component in Ugi and Groebke-Blackburn-Bienaymé multicomponent reactions. The first example of an application of aminoazoles in an Ugi four-component reaction was discovered and novel features of a Groebke-Blackburn-Bienaymé cyclocondensation are established and discussed. The heterocycles obtained were evaluated for their antibacterial activity and several of them demonstrated a weak antimicrobial effect, but for most of the compounds a 30-50% increase in biomass of Gram-positive strains (mainly B. subtilis) compared to control was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryna V Murlykina
- Division of Chemistry of Functional Materials, State Scientific Institution “Institute for Single Crystals” of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Nauky Ave., 60, 61001, Kharkiv, Ukraine
- Laboratory for Organic & Microwave-Assisted Chemistry (LOMAC), KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Maryna N Kornet
- Laboratory of Biotechnology of Physiologically Active Substances, Zaporizhzhya National University, Zhukovsky str., 66, 69600, Zaporizhzhya, Ukraine
| | - Sergey M Desenko
- Division of Chemistry of Functional Materials, State Scientific Institution “Institute for Single Crystals” of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Nauky Ave., 60, 61001, Kharkiv, Ukraine
- Faculty of Chemistry, V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, Svobody sq., 4, 61077, Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Svetlana V Shishkina
- Division of Chemistry of Functional Materials, State Scientific Institution “Institute for Single Crystals” of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Nauky Ave., 60, 61001, Kharkiv, Ukraine
- Faculty of Chemistry, V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, Svobody sq., 4, 61077, Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Oleg V Shishkin
- Division of Chemistry of Functional Materials, State Scientific Institution “Institute for Single Crystals” of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Nauky Ave., 60, 61001, Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Aleksander A Brazhko
- Laboratory of Biotechnology of Physiologically Active Substances, Zaporizhzhya National University, Zhukovsky str., 66, 69600, Zaporizhzhya, Ukraine
| | - Vladimir I Musatov
- Division of Chemistry of Functional Materials, State Scientific Institution “Institute for Single Crystals” of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Nauky Ave., 60, 61001, Kharkiv, Ukraine
| | - Erik V Van der Eycken
- Laboratory for Organic & Microwave-Assisted Chemistry (LOMAC), KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Valentin A Chebanov
- Division of Chemistry of Functional Materials, State Scientific Institution “Institute for Single Crystals” of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Nauky Ave., 60, 61001, Kharkiv, Ukraine
- Laboratory for Organic & Microwave-Assisted Chemistry (LOMAC), KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200F, B-3001, Leuven, Belgium
- Faculty of Chemistry, V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, Svobody sq., 4, 61077, Kharkiv, Ukraine
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Zviagin IM, Zhelavskyi OS, Shishkina SV, Musatov VI, Borisov AV, Chebanov VA. Synthesis of 1,6-diamino-2-imino-2,3-dihydropyrimidin-4(1Н)-one and preliminary study of its two- and three-component reactions. Chem Heterocycl Compd (N Y) 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10593-017-2078-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Tkachenko VV, Chebanov VA. Reactions of 3(5)-Aminoisoxazoles Using Classical Methods of Activation, Microwave Irradiation, and Ultrasonication. Chem Heterocycl Compd (N Y) 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10593-017-1980-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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