Synthesis, Surface, and Antimicrobial Activity of Hydrophobically Thiadiazole, Pyridazine, and Pyrimidine Systems Based on Surface Active Agents

Blocking the major inflammatory pathways by newly synthesized thiadiazine derivatives via in-vivo, in-vitro and in-silico mechanism

A series of new thiadiazine derivatives including 2-(5-alkyl/aryl-6-thioxo-1,3,5-thiadiazinan-3-yl) propanoic acids (a) and 4-methyl-2-(5-alkyl/aryl-6-thioxo-1,3,5-thiadiazinan-3-yl) pentanoic acids (b) were synthesized by reacting primary alkyl/aryl amines with CS2, followed by reaction with formaldehyde and amino acids. The chemical structures of synthesized compounds were confirmed by 13C- NMR and 1H- NMR techniques. The inhibitory potential of major inflammatory enzymes, COX-2 and 5-LOX was examined. Moreover, anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities were evaluated in the in vivo thermally induced nociceptive, and carrageenan induced paw edema models in mice. The in-vitro results reflect that these compounds exhibited concentration dependent inhibition of COX-2 and 5-LOX. The tested compounds at 50 mg/kg showed significant effect on thermally induced pain, and reduced latency time (seconds) as compared to the vehicle treated animals. Moreover, tested compounds exhibited percent inhibition of paw edema in the carrageenan induced paw edema model in mice. Furthermore, the binding modes of the most active COX-2 and 5-LOX inhibitors were determined through computational methods. The computational study reflects that the docked compounds have high binding affinities for COX-2 and 5-LOX enzymes, which leads to inhibition of these enzymes.

Serendipitous Formation of 2H-Pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyridazin-7(6H)-ones from 3-Arylsydnones

Fused nitrogen heterocyclesnamely, pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyridazin-7(6H)-ones have been obtained by exploiting the 1,3-dipolar nature of N-arylsydnones, from hydrazones of 3-aryl-4-acetylsydnones via the Vilsmeier-Haack strategy. Facile intramolecular nucleophilic addition followed by CO₂ elimination under reflux or upon microwave irradiation was presented. Plausible mechanisms for the formation of the title compounds are proffered. Structure confirmatory evidence came from single-crystal X-ray crystallography.