Synthesis and Antibacterial Evaluation of 1,2,3-Triazole-based Quinazolines Using Click Chemistry in the Presence of Salophen Schiff Base Ligand

Identification and exploration of quinazoline-1,2,3-triazole inhibitors targeting EGFR in lung cancer

Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) enhances lung cancer development, due to their inability to permeate the cell membrane, secreted growth factors work through specialized signal transduction pathways. The purpose of this study is to find out a novel anticancer agent that inhibits EGFR and reduces the chances of lung cancer. A series of triazole-substituted quinazoline hybrid compounds were designed by Chemdraw software and docked against five different crystallographic EGFR tyrosine kinase domain (TKD). For docking and visualization PyRx, Autodock vina, and Discovery studio visualizer were used. Molecule-14, Molecule-16, Molecule-19, Molecule-20, and Molecule-38 showed significant affinity but Molecule-19 showed excellent binding affinity (-12.4 kcal/mol) with crystallographic EGFR tyrosine kinase. The superimposition of the co-crystalized ligand with the hit compound shows similar conformation at the active site of EGFR (PDB ID: 4HJO) indicating excellent coupling and pharmaceutically active. The hit compound showed a good bioavailability score (0.55) with no sign of carcinogenesis, mutagenesis, or reproductive toxicity properties. MD simulation and MMGBSA represent good stability and binding free energy demonstrating that the hit (Molecule-19) may be used as a lead compound. Molecule-19 also showed good ADME properties, bioavailability scores, and synthetic accessibility with fewer signs of toxicity. It was observed that Molecule-19 may be a novel and potential inhibitor against EGFR with fewer side effects than the reference molecule. Additionally, the molecular dynamics simulation revealed the stable nature of protein-ligand interaction and provided information about the amino acid residues involved in binding. Overall, this study led to the identification of potential EGFR inhibitors with favorable pharmacokinetic properties. We believe that the outcome of this study can help to develop more potent drug-like molecules to tackle human lung cancer.

The antibacterial activity of quinazoline and quinazolinone hybrids

Bacterial infections cause substantial morbidity and mortality across the world and pose serious threats to humankind. Drug resistance, especially multidrug resistance resulting from different defensive mechanisms in bacteria, is the leading cause of failure the chemotherapy, making it an urgent need to develop more effective antibacterials. Quinazoline and quinazolinone frameworks have received considerable attention due to their diversified therapeutic potential. In particular, quinazoline/quinazolinone hybrids could exert antibacterial activity through various mechanisms and are useful scaffolds for the discovery of novel antibacterials. This review principally emphases on the antibacterial potential, structure-activity relationships (SARs), and mechanism of action of quinazoline and quinazolinone hybrids, covering articles published between 2017 and 2021.

Pharmacological and Cellular Significance of Triazole-Surrogated Compounds

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Heterocyclic compounds have been at the hierarchy position in academia, and industrial arena, particularly the compounds containing triazole-core are found to be potent with a broad range of biological activities. The resistance of triazole ring towards chemical (acid and base) hydrolysis, oxidative and reductive reaction conditions, metabolic degradation and its higher aromatic stabilization energy makes it a better heterocyclic core as therapeutic agents. These triazole-linked compounds are used for clinical purposes for antifungal, anti-mycobacterium, anticancer, anti-migraine and antidepressant drugs. Triazole scaffolds are also found to act as a spacer for the sake of covalent attachment of the high molecular weight bio-macromolecules with an experimental building blocks to explore structure-function relationships. Herein, several methods and strategies for the synthesis of compounds with 1,2,3-triazole moiety exploring Hüisgen, Meldal and Sharpless 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction between azide and alkyne derivatives have been deliberated for a series of representative compounds. Moreover, this review article highlights in-depth applications of the [3+2]-cycloaddition reaction for the advances of triazole-containing antibacterial as well as metabolic labelling agents for the in vitro and in vivo studies on cellular level.