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Bernhard LM, Zelenska K, Takashima M, Arisawa M, Murai K, Gröger H. Enantioselective Synthesis of Secondary Amines by Combining Oxidative Rearrangement and Biocatalysis in a One-Pot Process. J Org Chem 2024; 89:8513-8520. [PMID: 38836638 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
This contribution describes the development of chemoenzymatic one-pot processes, which combine an oxidative rearrangement and a biotransformation catalyzed by an imine reductase (IRED), for the synthesis of highly enantiomerically enriched secondary amines, such as an aryl-substituted pyrrolidine and a benzazepine. The benefits of this chemoenzymatic one-pot approach include high overall conversions (up to >99%), high enantiomeric excesses (up to >99% ee), and a straightforward synthetic approach toward secondary amines without the need to isolate the formed intermediate. For the initial chemical reaction, namely, the oxidative rearrangement, PhI(OAc)2 in methanol is used as a non-natural reagent, whereas the enzymatic step requires only stoichiometric amounts of d-glucose along with catalytic amounts of IRED, glucose dehydrogenase (GDH), and the cofactor NADPH. This methodology, demonstrating the compatibility of a "classic" organic synthesis using a non-natural, highly reactive reagent and a subsequent biocatalytic step, can be applied for different amines as substrates, thus making this concept a versatile tool in synthetic organic chemistry in general and for enantioselective synthesis of heterocyclic secondary amines in particular.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M Bernhard
- Chair of Industrial Organic Chemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstr. 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Kateryna Zelenska
- Chair of Industrial Organic Chemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstr. 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Mirei Takashima
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Arisawa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Kenichi Murai
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Harald Gröger
- Chair of Industrial Organic Chemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstr. 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
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Yuan B, Yang D, Qu G, Turner NJ, Sun Z. Biocatalytic reductive aminations with NAD(P)H-dependent enzymes: enzyme discovery, engineering and synthetic applications. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:227-262. [PMID: 38059509 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00391d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Chiral amines are pivotal building blocks for the pharmaceutical industry. Asymmetric reductive amination is one of the most efficient and atom economic methodologies for the synthesis of optically active amines. Among the various strategies available, NAD(P)H-dependent amine dehydrogenases (AmDHs) and imine reductases (IREDs) are robust enzymes that are available from various sources and capable of utilizing a broad range of substrates with high activities and stereoselectivities. AmDHs and IREDs operate via similar mechanisms, both involving a carbinolamine intermediate followed by hydride transfer from the co-factor. In addition, both groups catalyze the formation of primary and secondary amines utilizing both organic and inorganic amine donors. In this review, we discuss advances in developing AmDHs and IREDs as biocatalysts and focus on evolutionary history, substrate scope and applications of the enzymes to provide an outlook on emerging industrial biotechnologies of chiral amine production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Yuan
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China.
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Biology for Low-Carbon Manufacturing, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 West 7th Avenue, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Dameng Yang
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China.
| | - Ge Qu
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China.
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Biology for Low-Carbon Manufacturing, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 West 7th Avenue, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Nicholas J Turner
- Department of Chemistry, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, University of Manchester, Manchester M1 7DN, UK.
| | - Zhoutong Sun
- Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China.
- Key Laboratory of Engineering Biology for Low-Carbon Manufacturing, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 32 West 7th Avenue, Tianjin Airport Economic Area, Tianjin 300308, China
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Bernhard LM, McLachlan J, Gröger H. Process Development of Enantioselective Imine Reductase-Catalyzed Syntheses of Pharmaceutically Relevant Pyrrolidines. Org Process Res Dev 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.1c00471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura M. Bernhard
- Chair of Industrial Organic Chemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Jill McLachlan
- Chair of Industrial Organic Chemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Harald Gröger
- Chair of Industrial Organic Chemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
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Griboura N, Gatzonas K, Neochoritis CG. Still Relevant Today: The Asinger Multicomponent Reaction. ChemMedChem 2021; 16:1997-2020. [PMID: 33769692 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202100086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The Asinger multicomponent reaction is a versatile synthetic tool which gives access to multiple drug-like scaffolds such as 3-thiazolines. The diversity and easy access of its starting materials, its operational simplicity combined with mild conditions and relatively good yields, renders the Asinger reaction, today more than ever, a cornerstone not only in heterocyclic chemistry and modern synthesis but also in medicinal chemistry. In this review, we perform a thorough analysis of the scope and limitations on the different reaction variants with their starting materials, the three-dimensional solid-state conformations of the Asinger derivatives, and we underline and classify all the major post-modifications that have been described. In addition, we report all the major applications in drug discovery projects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nefeli Griboura
- Chemistry Department, School of Science and Engineering, University of Crete, 70013, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Gatzonas
- Chemistry Department, School of Science and Engineering, University of Crete, 70013, Heraklion, Greece
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Graebin CS, Ribeiro FV, Rogério KR, Kümmerle AE. Multicomponent Reactions for the Synthesis of Bioactive Compounds: A Review. Curr Org Synth 2019; 16:855-899. [DOI: 10.2174/1570179416666190718153703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Multicomponent reactions (MCRs) are composed of three or more reagents in which the final
product has all or most of the carbon atoms from its starting materials. These reactions represent, in the
medicinal chemistry context, great potential in the research for new bioactive compounds, since their products
can present great structural complexity. The aim of this review is to present the main multicomponent reactions
since the original report by Strecker in 1850 from nowadays, covering their evolution, highlighting their
significance in the discovery of new bioactive compounds. The use of MCRs is, indeed, a growing field of
interest in the synthesis of bioactive compounds and approved drugs, with several examples of commerciallyavailable
drugs that are (or can be) obtained through these protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cedric S. Graebin
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Chemistry Institute, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropedica, Brazil
| | - Felipe V. Ribeiro
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Chemistry Institute, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropedica, Brazil
| | | | - Arthur E. Kümmerle
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Chemistry Institute, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropedica, Brazil
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