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Kumar D, Aggarwal N, Kumar V, Chopra H, Marwaha RK, Sharma R. Emerging synthetic strategies and pharmacological insights of 1,3,4-thiadiazole derivatives: a comprehensive review. Future Med Chem 2024; 16:563-581. [PMID: 38353003 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2023-0203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
This review meticulously examines the synthesis techniques for 1,3,4-thiadiazole derivatives, focusing on cyclization, condensation reactions and functional group transformations. It enhances the understanding of these chemical methods that re crucial for tailoring derivative properties and functionalities. This study is considered to be vital for researchers, detailing established effects such as antioxidant, antimicrobial and anticancer activities, and revealing emerging pharmacological potentials such as neuroprotective, antiviral and antidiabetic properties. It also discusses the molecular mechanisms underlying these effects. In addition, this article covers structure-activity relationship studies and computational modelling that are essential for designing potent, selective 1,3,4-thiadiazole compounds. This work lays a foundation for future research and targeted therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davinder Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, 124001, India
| | - Navidha Aggarwal
- MM College of Pharmacy, Maharishi Markandeshwar (deemed to be a university), Mullana, 133207, India
| | - Virender Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, 124001, India
| | - Hitesh Chopra
- Department of Biosciences, Saveetha School of engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical & Technical Sciences, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, 602105, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar Marwaha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharshi Dayanand University, Rohtak, 124001, India
| | - Rohit Sharma
- Department of Rasa Shastra & Bhaishajya Kalpana, Faculty of Ayurveda, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India
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Hashem HE, Ahmad S, Kumer A, Bakri YE. In silico and in vitro prediction of new synthesized N-heterocyclic compounds as anti-SARS-CoV-2. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1152. [PMID: 38212472 PMCID: PMC10784557 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-51443-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Computer-aided drug design has been employed to get the medicinal effects against Corona virus from different pyridine derivatives after synthesizing the new compounds. Additionally, various computational studies are also employed between the newly prepared pyridine derivatives and three controls against three proteins (6Y2E, 6M71 and 6M3M). Different methods were employed to synthesize new pyridine derivatives according to the literature using different reaction mediums. MTT was performed for cytotoxicity study and IC50 for inhibitory concentration. Additionally, in-silico studies including DFT, molecular docking, molecular dynamics, MMPBSA, ADME, pharmacokinetics and Lipinski rules were evaluated. The chemical structures of all new compounds were elucidated based on spectroscopic investigation. A molecular docking study demonstrated that compounds 5, 11, and 12 have the best binders of the SARS-CoV-2 main protease enzyme, with energy scores of - 7.5 kcal/mol, - 7.2 kcal/mol, and - 7.9 kcal/mol, respectively. The net binding energy values of the 11-Mpro, 12-Mpro, and 5-Mpro complexes revealed their highly stable nature in terms of both intermolecular interactions and docked conformation across the simulation time. ADME properties, besides the pharmacokinetics and Lipinski rules, showed that all seven newly synthesized compounds follow Lipinski rules with high GI absorption. The In Vitro antiviral study against SARS-CoV-2 using MTT methods confirms that compound 5 has more potential and is safer than other tested compounds. The study shows that the newly synthesized pyridine derivatives have medicinal properties against SARS-CoV-2 without violating Lipinski rules. Compounds 5, 11, and 12, particularly compound 5, may serve as promising potential candidate for COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba E Hashem
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Women, Ain Shams University, HeliopolisCairo, 11757, Egypt.
| | - Sajjad Ahmad
- Department of Health and Biological Sciences, Abasyn University, Peshawar, 25000, Pakistan
- Department of Natural Sciences, Lebanese American University, P.O. Box 36, Beirut, Lebanon
- Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, P.O. Box 36, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Ajoy Kumer
- Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Sciences, IUBAT-International University of Business Agriculture and Technology, Dhaka, 1230, Bangladesh
- Center for Global Health Research, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences in Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, Chennai, India
| | - Youness El Bakri
- Department of Theoretical and Applied Chemistry, South Ural State University, Lenin Prospect 76, Chelyabinsk, 454080, Russian Federation
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Devasia J, Nizam A, V. L. V. Azole-Based Antibacterial Agents: A Review on Multistep Synthesis Strategies and Biology. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2021.1938615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jyothis Devasia
- Department of Chemistry, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Aatika Nizam
- Department of Chemistry, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Vasantha V. L.
- Department of Life Sciences, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bangalore, Karnataka, India
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Nasir NM, Alsalim TA, El-Arabey AA, Abdalla M. Anticancer, antioxidant activities and molecular docking study of thiazolidine-4-one and thiadiazol derivatives. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2022; 41:3976-3992. [PMID: 35467480 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2022.2060306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Liver cancer accounts for a major portion of the global cancer burden. In many nations, the prevalence of this condition has risen in recent decades. New series of thiazolidinones and thiadiazolidine have been designed, synthesized, and evaluated for potential antioxidant and antihepatocarcinogenic activity. The antioxidant activity was evaluated using a DPPH assay. Furthermore, we examined the compounds against Hepg-2 cells using MTT assay, flow cytometry analysis through the cell cycle, reactive oxygen species, and apoptosis. The result showed that compound 6b has the highest antioxidant activity with IC50 = 60.614 ± 0.739 µM. The anticancer activity showed that compounds 5 and 6b have significant toxicity against liver cancer cells Hepg2, IC50 values (9.082 and 4.712) µM, respectively. Flow cytometry experiments revealed that compound 5 arrested Hepg-2 cells in the S process, while compound 6b arrested Hepg-2 cells in the G1. Compound 6b had a greater reduction in reactive oxygen species and late apoptosis than compound 5. Substantially, compound 5 had affinity energies of -7.6 and -8.5 for Akt and CDK4 proteins, respectively, but compound 6b had affinity energies of -7.8 and -10.1 for Akt1 and CDK4 proteins, respectively. Consequently, compound 6b had lower binding energies than compound 5. In this work, we used multiple bioinformatics methods to shed light on the prospective therapeutic use of these series as novel candidates to target immune cells in the tumor microenvironment of hepatocellular carcinomas such as CD8+ T cells, endothelial cells, and hematopoietic stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noor M Nasir
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Education for Pure Sciences, University of Basrah, Basrah, Iraq
| | - Tahseen A Alsalim
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Education for Pure Sciences, University of Basrah, Basrah, Iraq
| | - Amr Ahmed El-Arabey
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohnad Abdalla
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Shandong Province, People's Republic of China
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Sarva S, Dunnutala R, Tellamekala S, Gundluru M, Cirandur SR. Green synthesis and antimicrobial activity of substituted diethyl (((5-(ethylthio)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)amino)(phenyl)methyl)phosphonates. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2021.2020844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Santhisudha Sarva
- Department of Chemistry, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, India
| | - Renuka Dunnutala
- Department of Chemistry, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, India
| | | | - Mohan Gundluru
- Department of Chemistry, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, India
- DST–PURSE Centre, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati, India
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Sahu S, Sahu T, Kalyani G, Gidwani B. Synthesis and Evaluation of Antimicrobial Activity of 1, 3, 4-Thiadiazole Analogues for Potential Scaffold. J Pharmacopuncture 2021; 24:32-40. [PMID: 33833898 PMCID: PMC8010424 DOI: 10.3831/kpi.2021.24.1.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Pathogenic microbes are causal agents for various types of severe and even lethal infectious diseases. Despite of development in medication, bacterial and fungal infections still persist to be a vital problem in health care. Bacteria and several fungal species have shown resistance to antibiotics used in treatment to current medications. Therefore, it is a considerable field of interest in the design and development of novel compounds with antimicrobial activity. Methods The compounds bearing a heterocyclic ring play an imperative role among other organic compounds with pharmacological activity used as drugs in human for control and cure of various infections. Thiadiazoles containing nitrogen–sulfur atom as part of their cyclic structure which shown wide-ranging application as structural units of biologically active molecules and are very useful intermediates in Medicinal Chemistry. Results The effectiveness of the thiadiazole nucleus was established by the drugs currently used for the treatment of various infections. 1,3,4-Thiadiazoles and some of their derivatives are widely studied because of their broad spectrum of pharmacological activities. Conclusion In the present work, a series of 1,3,4-Thiadiazole derivatives were synthesized by cyclization of a group of various benzaldehyde with thiosemicarbazide in the presence of various reagent like FeCl3, HCHO by losing a molecule of water. These derivatives were found to possess prominent antimicrobial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sagar Sahu
- Columbia Institute of Pharmacy, Raipur, India
| | - Tanesh Sahu
- Shri Rawatpura Sarkar Institute of Pharmacy, Kumhari, India
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Synthetic ( E)-3-Phenyl-5-(phenylamino)-2-styryl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-3-ium Chloride Derivatives as Promising Chemotherapy Agents on Cell Lines Infected with HTLV-1. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25112537. [PMID: 32486038 PMCID: PMC7321218 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25112537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Synthesis of four compounds belonging to mesoionic class, (E)-3-phenyl-5-(phenylamino)-2-styryl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-3-ium chloride derivatives (5a–d) and their biological evaluation against MT2 and C92 cell lines infected with human T-cell lymphotropic virus type-1 (HTLV-1), which causes adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL), and non-infected cell lines (Jurkat) are reported. The compounds were obtained by convergent synthesis under microwave irradiation and the cytotoxicity was evaluated using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assays. Results showed IC50 values of all compounds in the range of 1.51–7.70 μM in HTLV-1-infected and non-infected cells. Furthermore, it was observed that 5b could induce necrosis after 24 h for Jurkat and MT2 cell lines. The experimental (fluorimetric method) and theoretical (molecular docking) results suggested that the mechanism of action for 5b could be related to its capacity to intercalate into DNA. Moreover, the preliminary pharmacokinetic profile of the studied compounds (5a–d) was obtained through human serum albumin (HSA) binding affinity using multiple spectroscopic techniques (circular dichroism, steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence), zeta potential and molecular docking calculations. The interaction HSA:5a–d is spontaneous and moderate (Ka ~ 104 M−1) via a ground-state association, without significantly perturbing both the secondary and surface structures of the albumin in the subdomain IIA (site I), indicating feasible biodistribution in the human bloodstream.
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Li X, Wu Z, Xu L, Chi CL, Chen BQ. Design, synthesis, and antitumor evaluation of novel naphthalimide derivatives. Med Chem Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-019-02471-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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