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Afzal M, Mehmood R, Mughal EU, Naeem N, Ashraf Z, Nazir Y, Shalaby FM, El-Sayed Abd El Hady A, Sadiq A. Elucidating bis-pyrimidines as new and efficient mushroom tyrosinase inhibitors: synthesis, SAR, kinetics and computational studies. RSC Adv 2024; 14:22769-22780. [PMID: 39035128 PMCID: PMC11258615 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra04652h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, a series of novel bis-pyrimidine derivatives (1P-8P) were designed, synthesized, characterized, and investigated for their in vitro inhibitory activity against mushroom tyrosinase, an enzyme critical in melanin biosynthesis and implicated in various hyperpigmentation disorders. To the best of our knowledge, the bispyrimidine scaffold has been evaluated for the first time for its tyrosinase inhibitory activity. Their inhibitory activities were assessed, revealing inhibition with IC50 values in the micromolar range. Additionally, this series of compounds were found to inhibit tyrosinase activity in a mixed-type manner, with IC50 values ranging from 12.36 ± 1.24 to 86.67 ± 3.08 μM. To further elucidate the binding interactions, molecular docking simulations were performed, identifying key residues in the active site responsible for binding affinity. Furthermore, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were conducted to assess the dynamic behavior, stability, and binding affinity of the most potent inhibitor, compound 6P. Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship (QSAR) models were developed to correlate the structural features of the bis-pyrimidines with their inhibitory activity, providing insights into the structure-activity relationships (SAR) that govern their potency. The experimental and theoretical findings demonstrated excellent agreement. These findings pave the way for the development of novel bis-pyrimidine-based therapeutic agents for treating hyperpigmentation and related conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manazza Afzal
- Department of Chemistry, Govt College Women University Sialkot-51300 Pakistan
| | - Rabia Mehmood
- Department of Chemistry, Govt College Women University Sialkot-51300 Pakistan
| | | | - Nafeesa Naeem
- Department of Chemistry, University of Gujrat Gujrat-50700 Pakistan
| | - Zaman Ashraf
- Department of Chemistry, Rawalpindi Women University Rawalpindi-46300 Pakistan
| | - Yasir Nazir
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sialkot Sialkot-51300 Pakistan
| | - Fatma Mohsen Shalaby
- King Khalid University, Faculty of Sciences, Biology Department Abha Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Amal El-Sayed Abd El Hady
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Majmaah University Al Majma'ah 15341 Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Amina Sadiq
- Department of Chemistry, Govt College Women University Sialkot-51300 Pakistan
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Ahmed EA, Elgemeie GH, Azzam RA. Synthesis of new sulfapyrimidine and pyrazolo[1,5- a]pyrimidine derivatives. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/00397911.2023.2175694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ebtsam A. Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Faisal University, Al-Hofuf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Galal H. Elgemeie
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rasha A. Azzam
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
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3
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Amino Derivatives of Diaryl Pyrimidines and Azolopyrimidines as Protective Agents against LPS-Induced Acute Lung Injury. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28020741. [PMID: 36677799 PMCID: PMC9863002 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28020741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The problem of lung damage originating from excessive inflammation and cytokine release during various types of infections remains relevant and stimulates the search for highly effective and safe drugs. The biological activity of the latter may be associated with the regulation of hyperactivation of certain immune cells and enzymes. Here, we propose the design and synthesis of amino derivatives of 4,6- and 5,7-diaryl substituted pyrimidines and [1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines as promising double-acting pharmacophores inhibiting IL-6 and NO. The anti-inflammatory activity of 14 target compounds was studied on isolated primary murine macrophages after LPS stimulation. Seven compounds were identified to inhibit the synthesis of nitric oxide and interleukin 6 at a concentration of 100 µM. The most active compounds are micromolar inhibitors of IL-6 secretion and NO synthesis, showing a minimal impact on innate immunity, unlike the reference drug dexamethasone, along with acceptable cytotoxicity. Evaluation in an animal model of acute lung injury proved the protective activity of compound 6e, which was supported by biochemical, cytological and morphological markers.
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Farag PS, AboulMagd AM, Hemdan MM, Hassaballah AI. Annulated pyrazole derivatives as a novel class of urokinase (uPA) inhibitors: Green synthesis, anticancer activity, DNA-damage evaluation, and molecular modelling study. Bioorg Chem 2022; 130:106231. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.106231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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5
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Jaisal P, Fatima GN, Vishwakarma SK, Kumar V, Pandey S, Saraf SK. Novel 2-aminopyrimidine Schiff bases as possible GABA-AT inhibitors: molecular docking, MAOS, and pharmacological screening. Med Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-022-02946-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Maigali SS, El‐Shanawany HR, El‐Sayed NF, Youssef MA, Fouad MA. Synthesis and Evaluation of a New Series of Spiro Aryl Dioxolane Compounds: A New Scaffold as Potential
PARP
‐1 Inhibitors. J Heterocycl Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.4531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Soher S. Maigali
- Organometallic and Organometalloid Chemistry Department, National Research Centre, 33 ElBohouth St., (Former El Tahrir, Dokki,12622 Giza Egypt
| | - Hala R. El‐Shanawany
- Organometallic and Organometalloid Chemistry Department, National Research Centre, 33 ElBohouth St., (Former El Tahrir, Dokki,12622 Giza Egypt
| | - Naglaa F. El‐Sayed
- Organometallic and Organometalloid Chemistry Department, National Research Centre, 33 ElBohouth St., (Former El Tahrir, Dokki,12622 Giza Egypt
| | - Mohamed. A. Youssef
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science Helwan University, Economic Housing, QismHelwan Cairo Egypt
| | - Marwa A. Fouad
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy Cairo University, Kasr El‐Aini St. Cairo Egypt
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Farooq S, Ngaini Z. Synthesis of Benzalacetophenone Based Isoxazoline and Isoxazole Derivatives. CURR ORG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/1385272826666220408120350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract:
The demand for natural product based drugs with less cost and efficient procedures has become a challenge to researchers. Benzalacetophenone is a natural product based species that is modified into numerous heterocyclic compounds including isoxazoline and isoxazole derivatives. The utility of isoxazoline and oxazole derivatives has been increased for the synthesis of the new and effective chemical entities to serve medicinal chemistry in the past few years. Isoxazoline and isoxazole are fascinating classes of heterocyclic compounds, which belong to N- and O-heterocycles, and are widely used as precursors for the development of drugs. This review highlights the recent work for the synthesis of mono and bis isoxazoline and isoxazole derivatives using stable benzalacetophenone and functionalization of isoxazoline and isoxazole, along with the prevailing biological properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saba Farooq
- Faculty of Resource Science and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, 94300 Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Zainab Ngaini
- Faculty of Resource Science and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, 94300 Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia
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Nasab NH, Azimian F, Kruger HG, Kim SJ. Coumarin‐Chalcones Generated from 3‐Acetylcoumarin as a Promising Agent: Synthesis and Pharmacological Properties. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202200238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Narges Hosseini Nasab
- Department of Biological Sciences Kongju National University Gongju, Chungnam 32588, Republic of Korea
| | - Fereshteh Azimian
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry School of Pharmacy Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran
| | - Hendrik G. Kruger
- Catalysis and Peptide Research Unit School of Health Sciences University of KwaZulu-Natal Durban 4001 South Africa
| | - Song Ja Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences Kongju National University Gongju, Chungnam 32588, Republic of Korea
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Farooq S, Ngaini Z. Chalcone derived benzoheterodiazepines for medicinal applications:
A Two‐pot
and
one‐pot
synthetic approach. J Heterocycl Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.4337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Saba Farooq
- Faculty of Resource Science and Technology Universiti Malaysia Sarawak Kota Samarahan Malaysia
| | - Zainab Ngaini
- Faculty of Resource Science and Technology Universiti Malaysia Sarawak Kota Samarahan Malaysia
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Farooq S, Ngaini Z, Daud AI, Khairul WM. Microwave Assisted Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activities of Carboxylpyrazoline Derivatives: Molecular Docking and DFT Influence in Bioisosteric Replacement. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2021.1937236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Saba Farooq
- Faculty of Resource Science and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Zainab Ngaini
- Faculty of Resource Science and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Adibah Izzati Daud
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Padang Besar, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Wan M. Khairul
- Faculty of Marine Science and Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
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