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Maia M, Resende DISP, Durães F, Pinto MMM, Sousa E. Xanthenes in Medicinal Chemistry - Synthetic strategies and biological activities. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 210:113085. [PMID: 33310284 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.113085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Xanthenes are a special class of oxygen-incorporating tricyclic compounds. Structurally related to xanthones, the presence of different substituents in position 9 strongly influences their physical and chemical properties, as well as their biological applications. This review explores the synthetic methodologies developed to obtain 9H-xanthene, 9-hydroxyxanthene and xanthene-9-carboxylic acid, as well as respective derivatives, from simple starting materials or through modification of related structures. Azaxanthenes, bioisosteres of xanthenes, are also explored. Efficiency, safety, ecological impact and applicability of the described synthetic methodologies are discussed. Synthesis of multi-functionalized derivatives with drug-likeness properties are also reported and their activities explored. Synthetic methodologies for obtaining (aza)xanthenes from simple building blocks are available, and electrochemical and/or metal free procedures recently developed arise as greener and efficient methodologies. Nonetheless, the synthesis of xanthenes through the modification of the carbonyl in position 9 of xanthones represents the most straightforward procedure to easily obtain a variety of (aza)xanthenes. (Aza)xanthene derivatives displayed biological activity as neuroprotector, antitumor, antimicrobial, among others, proving the versatility of this nucleus for different biological applications. However, in some cases their chemical structures suggest a lack of pharmacokinetic properties being associated with safety concerns, which should be overcome if intended for clinical evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Maia
- CIIMAR - Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Terminal de Cruzeiros Do Porto de Leixões, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal; Laboratório de Química Orgânica e Farmacêutica, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Diana I S P Resende
- CIIMAR - Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Terminal de Cruzeiros Do Porto de Leixões, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal; Laboratório de Química Orgânica e Farmacêutica, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Fernando Durães
- CIIMAR - Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Terminal de Cruzeiros Do Porto de Leixões, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal; Laboratório de Química Orgânica e Farmacêutica, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Madalena M M Pinto
- CIIMAR - Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Terminal de Cruzeiros Do Porto de Leixões, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal; Laboratório de Química Orgânica e Farmacêutica, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal
| | - Emília Sousa
- CIIMAR - Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Terminal de Cruzeiros Do Porto de Leixões, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal; Laboratório de Química Orgânica e Farmacêutica, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal.
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Synthesis, molecular docking, and biological activity of 2-vinyl chromones: Toward selective butyrylcholinesterase inhibitors for potential Alzheimer's disease therapeutics. Bioorg Med Chem 2018; 26:4716-4725. [PMID: 30104121 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2018.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the biological activity of a series of substituted chromeno[3,2-c]pyridines, including compounds previously synthesized by our group and novel compounds whose syntheses are reported here. Tandem transformation of their tetrahydropyridine ring under the action of activated alkynes yielding 2-vinylsubstituted chromones was used to prepare nitrogen-containing derivatives of a biologically active chromone system. The inhibitory activity of these chromone derivatives against acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) and carboxylesterase (CaE) was investigated using the methods of enzyme kinetics and molecular docking. Antioxidant (antiradical) activity of the compounds was assessed in the ABTS assay. The results demonstrated that a subset of the studied chromone derivatives selectively inhibit BChE but do not exhibit antiradical activity. In addition, the results of molecular docking effectively explained the observed features in the efficacy, selectivity, and mechanism of BChE inhibition by the chromone derivatives.
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Ring opening in 1,2,3,4-tetrahydrochromeno[3,2- c ]pyridines under the action of electron-deficient alkynes. MENDELEEV COMMUNICATIONS 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mencom.2017.11.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Mrug G, Frasinyuk M. Advances in chemistry of chromone aminomethyl derivatives. FRENCH-UKRAINIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY 2015. [DOI: 10.17721/fujcv3i2p21-39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromones play an important role in the design and discovery of new pharmacologically active compounds. A large volume of reports dedicated to synthesis and study of properties of nitrogen-containing chromone derivatives show important role of chromone alkaloid-like compounds. The present review covers achievements in the field of synthesis of chromone aminomethyl derivatives as one of perspective scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galyna Mrug
- Institute of Bioorganic and Petrochemistry NAS of Ukraine
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Hanamoto T, Hashimoto E, Miura M, Furuno H, Inanaga J. Reaction of N-Methyl-5-tributylstannyl-4-fluoro-1H-pyrazole and Its Application to N-Methyl-chromeno[2,3-d]pyrazol-9-one Synthesis. J Org Chem 2008; 73:4736-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jo800431t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Hanamoto
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Chemistry, Saga University, Honjyo-machi 1, Saga 840-8502, Japan, and Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering (IMCE), Kyushu University, Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
| | - Eri Hashimoto
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Chemistry, Saga University, Honjyo-machi 1, Saga 840-8502, Japan, and Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering (IMCE), Kyushu University, Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
| | - Masayuki Miura
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Chemistry, Saga University, Honjyo-machi 1, Saga 840-8502, Japan, and Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering (IMCE), Kyushu University, Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Furuno
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Chemistry, Saga University, Honjyo-machi 1, Saga 840-8502, Japan, and Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering (IMCE), Kyushu University, Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
| | - Junji Inanaga
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Chemistry, Saga University, Honjyo-machi 1, Saga 840-8502, Japan, and Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering (IMCE), Kyushu University, Hakozaki, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8581, Japan
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Marsais F, Trécourt F, Bréant P, Quéguiner G. Directed lithiation of 4-halopyridines: Chemoselectivity, regioselectivity and application to synthesis. J Heterocycl Chem 1988. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.5570250112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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