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Tognolini M, Incerti M, Mohamed IH, Giorgio C, Russo S, Bruni R, Lelli B, Bracci L, Noberini R, Pasquale EB, Barocelli E, Vicini P, Mor M, Lodola A. Structure-activity relationships and mechanism of action of Eph-ephrin antagonists: interaction of cholanic acid with the EphA2 receptor. ChemMedChem 2012; 7:1071-83. [PMID: 22529030 PMCID: PMC3677030 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201200102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2012] [Revised: 03/23/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The Eph-ephrin system, including the EphA2 receptor and the ephrinA1 ligand, plays a critical role in tumor and vascular functions during carcinogenesis. We previously identified (3α,5β)-3-hydroxycholan-24-oic acid (lithocholic acid) as an Eph-ephrin antagonist that is able to inhibit EphA2 receptor activation; it is therefore potentially useful as a novel EphA2 receptor-targeting agent. Herein we explore the structure-activity relationships of a focused set of lithocholic acid derivatives based on molecular modeling investigations and displacement binding assays. Our exploration shows that while the 3-α-hydroxy group of lithocholic acid has a negligible role in recognition of the EphA2 receptor, its carboxylate group is critical for disrupting the binding of ephrinA1 to EphA2. As a result of our investigation, we identified (5β)-cholan-24-oic acid (cholanic acid) as a novel compound that competitively inhibits the EphA2-ephrinA1 interaction with higher potency than lithocholic acid. Surface plasmon resonance analysis indicates that cholanic acid binds specifically and reversibly to the ligand binding domain of EphA2, with a steady-state dissociation constant (K(D) ) in the low micromolar range. Furthermore, cholanic acid blocks the phosphorylation of EphA2 as well as cell retraction and rounding in PC3 prostate cancer cells, two effects that depend on EphA2 activation by the ephrinA1 ligand. These findings suggest that cholanic acid can be used as a template structure for the design of effective EphA2 antagonists, and may have potential impact in the elucidation of the role played by this receptor in pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimiliano Tognolini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche, Biologiche e Chimiche applicate, Università degli Studi di Parma, V.le delle Scienze 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Matteo Incerti
- Dipartimento Farmaceutico, Università degli Studi di Parma, V.le delle Scienze 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Iftiin Hassan Mohamed
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche, Biologiche e Chimiche applicate, Università degli Studi di Parma, V.le delle Scienze 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Carmine Giorgio
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche, Biologiche e Chimiche applicate, Università degli Studi di Parma, V.le delle Scienze 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Simonetta Russo
- Dipartimento Farmaceutico, Università degli Studi di Parma, V.le delle Scienze 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Renato Bruni
- Dipartimento di Biologia Evolutiva e Funzionale, Viale delle Scienze 11/A, 43124, Università degli Studi di Parma, Italy
| | - Barbara Lelli
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Via Fiorentina 1, 53100, Università degli Studi di Siena, Italy
| | - Luisa Bracci
- Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Via Fiorentina 1, 53100, Università degli Studi di Siena, Italy
| | - Roberta Noberini
- Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Elena B. Pasquale
- Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, 10901 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Elisabetta Barocelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche, Biologiche e Chimiche applicate, Università degli Studi di Parma, V.le delle Scienze 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Paola Vicini
- Dipartimento Farmaceutico, Università degli Studi di Parma, V.le delle Scienze 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Marco Mor
- Dipartimento Farmaceutico, Università degli Studi di Parma, V.le delle Scienze 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Alessio Lodola
- Dipartimento Farmaceutico, Università degli Studi di Parma, V.le delle Scienze 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
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Siddiqui AU, Satyanarayana Y, Ahmed I, Siddiqui AH. Synthesis of steroidal extranucleo 1,3,4-oxadiazoles. J Heterocycl Chem 1996. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.5570330461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Siddiqui AU, Satyanarayana Y, Ahmed I, Siddiqui AH. Heterocyclic steroids: synthesis of steroidal selena, tellura, and thialactones of estrane series. Steroids 1996; 61:302-4. [PMID: 8738835 DOI: 10.1016/0039-128x(95)00233-g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
A successful approach in the synthesis of 3 beta-acetoxy-17a-selena-D-homo-1,3,5(10)-estratrien-17 -one (5), 3 beta-acetoxy-17a tellura-D-homo-1,3,5(10)-estratrien-17-one (6), and 3 beta-acetoxy-17a-thia-D-homo-1,3,5(10)-estratrien-17-one (7) was achieved from 3 beta-acetoxy-1,3,5(10)-estratrien-17-one (1). The Baeyer-Villiger reaction of 3 beta-acetoxy-1,3,5(10)-estratrien-17-one (1) with perbenzoic acid afforded 3 beta-acetoxy-17a-oxa-D-homo-1,3,5(10)-estratrien-17-one (2), which on reaction with hydrobromic acid gave 3 beta-acetoxy-seco-13-bromo-1,3,5(10)-estratrien-16-oic acid (3). Treatment of bromo acid (3) with thionyl chloride gave 3 beta-acetoxy-seco-13-bromo-1,3,5(10)-estratrien-17 acid chloride (4), whose reaction with Se and Te in the presence of sodium borohydride gave the desired products 5 and 6. Reaction of 3 beta-acetoxy-seco-13-bromo-1,3,5(10)-estratrien-17 acid chloride (4) with sodium sulfide gave the thia lactone derivative (7).
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Affiliation(s)
- A U Siddiqui
- Department of Chemistry, Nizam College, Osmania University, Hyderabad, India
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