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tert-Butyl 2-Amino-3-cyano-5-oxo-4-phenyl-5,7-dihydropyrano[2,3-c]pyrrole-6(4H)-carboxylate. MOLBANK 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/m1575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Organocatalyzed synthesis of tert-butyl 2-amino-3-cyano-5-oxo-4-phenyl-5,7-dihydropyrano[2,3-c]pyrrole-6(4H)-carboxylate, prepared from Boc-tetramic acid and benzylidenemalononitrile, is disclosed. Two bifunctional noncovalent organocatalysts were employed, yielding the product as a racemic mixture in both cases. The structure of the new synthesized compound was confirmed by high resolution mass-spectrometry, 1H- and 13C-NMR, HSQC, and IR spectroscopy.
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Chambers GE, Sayan AE, Brown RCD. The synthesis of biologically active indolocarbazole natural products. Nat Prod Rep 2021; 38:1794-1820. [PMID: 33666619 DOI: 10.1039/d0np00096e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Covering: up to 2020The indolocarbazoles, in particular indolo[2,3-a]pyrrolo[3,4-c]carbazole derivatives, are an important class of natural products that exhibit a wide range of biological activities. There has been a plethora of synthetic approaches to this family of natural products, leading to advances in chemical methodology, as well as affording access to molecular scaffolds central to protein kinase drug discovery programmes. In this review, we compile and summarise the synthetic approaches to the indolo[2,3-a]pyrrolo[3,4-c]carbazole derivatives, spanning the period from their isolation in 1980 up to 2020. The selected natural products include indolocarbazoles not functionalised at indolic nitrogen, pyranosylated indolocarbazoles, furanosylated indolocarbazoles and disaccharideindolocarbazoles.
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Affiliation(s)
- George E Chambers
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK.
| | - A Emre Sayan
- University of Southampton Cancer Sciences Division, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Richard C D Brown
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK.
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Metal-Catalyzed and Metal-Mediated Approaches to the Synthesis and Functionalization of Tetramic Acids. Catalysts 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/catal9010050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The heterocyclic ring of tetramic acids is found in naturally occurred biologically active products isolated from fungi, bacteria, molds, and sponges. Thus, these molecules have attracted significant attention as synthetic targets, and various synthetic paths have been developed. Over recent years, a growing number of catalytic approaches toward functionalized products have been established in order to overcome the limitations of the conventional methods. The present review describes the strategies for the metal-catalyzed and metal-promoted synthesis and further derivatization of tetramic acids, with emphasis on recent examples from the literature.
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Pelkey ET, Pelkey SJ, Greger JG. De Novo Synthesis of 3-Pyrrolin-2-Ones. ADVANCES IN HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.aihch.2015.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Schmidt AW, Reddy KR, Knölker HJ. Occurrence, Biogenesis, and Synthesis of Biologically Active Carbazole Alkaloids. Chem Rev 2012; 112:3193-328. [PMID: 22480243 DOI: 10.1021/cr200447s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 899] [Impact Index Per Article: 74.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arndt W. Schmidt
- Department Chemie, Technische Universität Dresden,
Bergstrasse 66, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Kethiri R. Reddy
- Department Chemie, Technische Universität Dresden,
Bergstrasse 66, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Hans-Joachim Knölker
- Department Chemie, Technische Universität Dresden,
Bergstrasse 66, 01069 Dresden, Germany
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Shimkin AA, Shirinian VZ, Mailian AK, Lonshakov DV, Gorokhov VV, Krayushkin MM. Acylation of Meldrum’s acid with arylacetic acid imidazolides as a convenient method for the synthesis of 4-aryl-3-oxobutanoates. Russ Chem Bull 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-011-0019-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Roussaki M, Kontogiorgis CA, Hadjipavlou-Litina D, Hamilakis S, Detsi A. A novel synthesis of 3-aryl coumarins and evaluation of their antioxidant and lipoxygenase inhibitory activity. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2010; 20:3889-92. [PMID: 20627725 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2010] [Revised: 05/10/2010] [Accepted: 05/11/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
A series of coumarin analogues bearing a substituted phenyl ring on position 3 were synthesized via a novel methodology, through an intermolecular condensation reaction of 2-hydroxyacetophenones and 2-hydroxybenzaldehyde, with imidazolyl phenylacetic acid active intermediates. The in vitro antioxidant activity of the synthesized compounds was evaluated using two different antioxidant assays (radical scavenging ability of DPPH stable free radical and inhibition of lipid peroxidation induced by the thermal free radical AAPH). Moreover, the ability of the compounds to inhibit soybean lipoxygenase was determined as an indication of potential anti-inflammatory activity.
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Schlenk A, Diestel R, Sasse F, Schobert R. A Selective 3-Acylation of Tetramic Acids and the First Synthesis of Ravenic Acid. Chemistry 2010; 16:2599-604. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200902544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Albrecht D, Basler B, Bach T. Preparation and Intramolecular [2+2]-Photocycloaddition of 1,5-Dihydropyrrol-2-ones and 5,6-Dihydro-1H-pyridin-2-ones with C-, N-, and O-linked Alkenyl Side Chains at the 4-Position. J Org Chem 2008; 73:2345-56. [DOI: 10.1021/jo7027129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Albrecht
- Lehrstuhl für Organische Chemie I, Technische Universität München, D-85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Birte Basler
- Lehrstuhl für Organische Chemie I, Technische Universität München, D-85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Thorsten Bach
- Lehrstuhl für Organische Chemie I, Technische Universität München, D-85747 Garching, Germany
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Singh BK, Bisht SS, Tripathi RP. An efficient synthesis of tetramic acid derivatives with extended conjugation from L-ascorbic acid. Beilstein J Org Chem 2006; 2:24. [PMID: 17147830 PMCID: PMC1783862 DOI: 10.1186/1860-5397-2-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2006] [Accepted: 12/06/2006] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tetramic acids with polyenyl substituents are an important class of compounds in medicinal chemistry. Both solid and solution phase syntheses of such molecules have been reported recently. Thiolactomycin, a clinical candidate for treatment of tuberculosis has led to further explorations in this class. We have recently developed an efficient synthesis of tetramic acids derivatives from L- ascorbic acid. In continuation of this work, we have synthesised dienyl tetramic acid derivatives. Results 5,6-O-Isopropylidene-ascorbic acid on reaction with DBU led to the formation of tetronolactonyl allyl alcohol, which on oxidation with pyridinium chlorochromate gave the respective tetranolactonyl allylic aldehydes. Wittig olefination followed by reaction of the resulting tetranolactonyl dienyl esters with different amines resulted in the respective 5-hydroxy lactams. Subsequent dehydration of the hydroxy lactams with p-toluene sulphonic acid afforded the dienyl tetramic acid derivatives. All reactions were performed at ambient temperature and the yields are good. Conclusion An efficient and practical method for the synthesis of dienyl tetramic acid derivatives from inexpensive and easily accessible ascorbic acid has been developed. The compounds bear structural similarities to the tetramic acid based polyenic antibiotics and thus this method offers a new and short route for the synthesis of tetramic acid derivatives of biological significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biswajit K Singh
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow-226001, India
| | - Surendra S Bisht
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow-226001, India
| | - Rama P Tripathi
- Medicinal and Process Chemistry Division, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow-226001, India
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Singh BK, Verma SS, Dwivedi N, Tripathi RP. l-Ascorbic acid in organic synthesis: DBU-catalysed one-pot synthesis of tetramic acid derivatives from 5,6-O-isopropylidene ascorbic acid. Tetrahedron Lett 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2006.01.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Hamilakis S, Tsolomitis A. SYNTHESIS OF ACYLATED ACTIVE METHYLENE COMPOUNDS WITH N-Boc-L-PHENYLALANINE AND THEIR HETEROCYCLIZATION, BOTH ACHIEVED ENANTIOSELECTIVELY. HETEROCYCL COMMUN 2005. [DOI: 10.1515/hc.2005.11.3-4.325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Hamilakis S, Tsolomitis A. ONE-POT CONVERSION OF A REPRESENTATIVE SERIES OF CARBOXYLIC ACIDS TO THE CORRESPONDING METHYL KETONES. HETEROCYCL COMMUN 2005. [DOI: 10.1515/hc.2005.11.2.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Sekhar BC. Cyclic 1,3-diones and their derivatives-As versatile reactive intermediates in the syntheses of condensed fused ring heterocyles. J Heterocycl Chem 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.5570410601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Xu F, Armstrong JD, Zhou GX, Simmons B, Hughes D, Ge Z, Grabowski EJJ. Mechanistic Evidence for an α-Oxoketene Pathway in the Formation of β-Ketoamides/Esters via Meldrum's Acid Adducts. J Am Chem Soc 2004; 126:13002-9. [PMID: 15469298 DOI: 10.1021/ja046488b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A practical, one-pot process for the preparation of beta-keto amides via a three-component reaction, including Meldrum's acid, an amine, and a carboxylic acid, has been developed. Key to development of an efficient, high-yielding process was an in-depth understanding of the mechanism of the multistep process. Kinetic studies were carried out via online IR monitoring and subsequent principal component analysis which provided a means of profiling the concentration of both the anionic and free acid forms of the Meldrum's adduct 6 in real time. These studies, both in the presence and absence of nucleophiles, strongly suggest that formation of beta-keto amides from acyl Meldrum's acids occurs via alpha-oxoketene species 2 and rule out other possible reaction pathways proposed in the literature, such as via protonated alpha-oxoketene intermediates 3 or nucleophilic addition-elimination pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Xu
- Contribution from the Departments of Process Research and Analytical Research, Merck Research Laboratory, Rahway, NJ 07065, USA.
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Santos MM, Lobo AM, Prabhakar S, Marques MB. A new approach to N-protected staurosporinones. Tetrahedron Lett 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2004.01.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Abstract
The condensation of N-acylated amino acids with polymer-supported cyclic malonic acid ester was carried out in the presence of DCC/DMAP. The cyclisation of the intermediate resin, by heating in an organic solvent, gave the N-protected tetramic acid derivatives in good yields and high purity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanxiang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Campus Xixi, Hangzhou, 310028, People's Republic of China
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An efficient synthesis of 2-amino-3-cyano-2-pyrrolin-4-ones, via the corresponding open chain tautomers (aminoacetylmalononitriles). Tetrahedron Lett 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(03)00730-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Gaudêncio SP, Santos MM, Lobo AM, Prabhakar S. A short synthesis of staurosporinone (K-252c). Tetrahedron Lett 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(03)00279-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Friedrichsen W, Traulsen T, Elguero J, Katritzky AR. Tautomerism of Heterocycles: Five-Membered Rings with One Heteroatom. ADVANCES IN HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2725(00)76004-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
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