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Baygu Y, Yıldız B, Kara İ, Dal H, Gök Y. Synthesis, characterization and computational investigation of novel metalloporphyrazines containing 15-membered O2S2-donor macrocyclic moieties. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2018. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424618500104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
New metalloporphyrazines (MgPz, ZnPz) containing peripheral tetrasubstitutions derived from 7,8-dihydro-6[Formula: see text],14[Formula: see text],19[Formula: see text]-dibenzo[bj][1,12,5,8]-dioxadithiacyclopentadecine-16,17-dicarbonitrile (6) have been synthesized by a multistep reaction sequence and characterized. Compound 6 has been prepared by the reaction of 1,3-di(2-bromomethyl phenoxy) propane (3) or 1,3-di(2-iodomethylphenoxy) propane (4) which were prepared via bromination or iodination of {2-[3-(2-hydroxymethylphenoxy)propoxy]-phenyl}methanol (2) and cis-1,2-dicyano-1,2-ethylenedithiolate (5). The novel magnesium porphyrazine was prepared by the cyclotetramerization reaction of 6 with magnesium butoxide. The one-step synthesis of porphyrazinato zinc complex has been achieved without a reaction sequence by using dicyano compound (6) and zinc butoxide. The prediction of the geometry optimization, normal mode frequencies, [Formula: see text]H, [Formula: see text]C NMR, UV absorption spectra, chemical shifts, electronic properties and NBO analysis of the compound were examined by using B3LYP method with a 6-31G([Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] basis set. These novel compounds were characterized by a combination of elemental analysis, [Formula: see text]H, [Formula: see text]C NMR, FT-IR, UV-vis and MS spectral data. An X-ray crystal structure of dicarbodinitrile compound (6) was also investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasemin Baygu
- Tavas Vocational School of Higher Education, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Burak Yıldız
- Department of Chemistry, Yıldız Technical University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - İzzet Kara
- Department of Physical Education, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Hakan Dal
- Department of Chemistry, Anadolu University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Yaşar Gök
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Uşak University, Uşak, Turkey
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2
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Metallo-porphyrazines with eight [5-thiopentyl 3,4,5-tris(benzyloxy)benzoate] groups: Synthesis, characterization, aggregation, and solubility behavior. J Mol Struct 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2016.09.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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3
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Yıldız B, Baygu Y, Kara İ, Dal H, Gök Y. The synthesis, characterization and computional investigation of new metalloporphyrazine containing 15-membered S4 donor macrocyclic moieties. Tetrahedron 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2016.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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4
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Novel magnesium and zinc porphyrazines containing galactose moieties: Synthesis via click reaction and characterization. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2016.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Kabay N, Baygu Y, Ocak Ü, Gün S, Gök Y. The Extraction Ability and Sensitivity of Porphyrazine Derivatives Towards Some Transition Metal Cations. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/01496395.2014.978468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Tshivhase M, Williams DBG. Color-Coded Ligands: Tracking the Catalyst using Highly Pigmented Porphyrazine Ligands in Biphasic Reactions. Organometallics 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/om501094p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mmboneni Tshivhase
- Research
Centre for Synthesis and Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 524, Auckland Park, 2006 Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - D. Bradley G. Williams
- Research
Centre for Synthesis and Catalysis, Department of Chemistry, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 524, Auckland Park, 2006 Johannesburg, South Africa
- Ferrier
Research Institute, Victoria University of Wellington, 69 Gracefield
Road, Lower Hutt 5010, New Zealand
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Enrichment of solubility by esterification: Metal-free and metallo-porphyrazines with polyfluorinated units. TRANSIT METAL CHEM 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s11243-012-9658-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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8
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Nemykin VN, Sabin JR. Profiling energetics and spectroscopic signatures in prototropic tautomers of asymmetric phthalocyanine analogues. J Phys Chem A 2012; 116:7364-71. [PMID: 22691046 DOI: 10.1021/jp304386x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) were used to explain discrepancies in UV-vis and MCD spectra of the metal-free tribenzo[b,g,l]thiopheno[3,4-q]porphyrazine (1), substituted tribenzo[b,g,l]porphyrazine (2), and 2,3-bis(methylcarboxyl)phthalocyanine (3). On the basis of gas-phase and polarized continuum solvation model (PCM) DFT and TDDFT calculations, it was suggested that both NH tautomers contribute to the spectroscopic signature of 1, whereas the Q-band region of 2 and 3 is dominated by a single NH tautomer. For all tested compounds, it was found that the combination of the BP86 exchange-correlation functional, 6-31G(d) basis set, and TDDFT-PCM approach provides the best accuracy in energies of the Q(x)- and Q(y)-bands of the individual NH tautomers as well as correctly describes their relative energy differences, which are important in understanding of experimental spectroscopy of the target systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor N Nemykin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 1039 University Drive, University of Minnesota, Duluth, Minnesota 55812, United States.
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Abstract
The main synthetic approaches for the preparation of porphyrazines are outlined. In addition, some structural and spectroscopic properties, especially the UV-vis absorption profiles emanating from their peripheral functionalization, the modification of the tetraazaporphyrin skeleton or the arrangement of macrocycles in a supramolecular manner, are discussed. Cyclotetramerization of appropriate dinitrile derivatives or modification of peripheral substituents on porphyrazines constitute the main synthetic routes. Moreover, the use of special templates, as well as different intermediates or nonpyrrolic precursors, are tools for the attainment of azaporphyrin analogues of distinct nature and unusual characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pavel A. Stuzhin
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Ivanovo State University of Chemical Technology, pr-t Friedich Engels 7, RF-153460 Ivanovo, Russia
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Prasad R, Kumar A. Synthesis, spectroscopic and electrochemical investigations of supramolecular nickel(II)tetraazaporphyrin complexes. J PORPHYR PHTHALOCYA 2012. [DOI: 10.1142/s1088424605000629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The ( bpy )2 Ru II and ( phen )2 Ru II moieties were linked to [ Ni ( OBTTAP )]1, periphery through coordinate bonds in order to synthesize cationic di- and pentanuclear complexes 2-5 that were obtained as PF 6− salts. They were characterized by IR, 1 H NMR, UV-vis, and mass spectral data. The electronic absorption, emission and redox data of these bichromophoric systems indicate the presence of a high degree of intercomponent electronic interaction. The position and relative intensities of the Soret and Q bands in these complexes is altered due to peripheral binding of the metal units. The compounds were non-emissive for the Q band excitation but, Soret excitation led to a strong S 2 emission, observed between 400-450 nm. In cyclic voltammetry, the compounds exhibited one Ru centered oxidation together with one or two OBTTAP centered oxidations. The Ru II/ Ru III oxidations were observed at significantly lower potentials as compared to the corresponding simple maleonitrile-benzylthioether complexes and has been interpretted in terms of weaker d π( S )– d π( Ru ) interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajendra Prasad
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India
| | - Ajay Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee 247667, India
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Kabay N, Karadeniz H, Demirayak N, Gök Y. Synthesis and characterization of new metallo and metal-free porphyrazines containing dioxadithia (O2S2) and tetrathia (S4) macrocyclic moieties. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2011.01.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Yin B, Hou R, Jiang C, Chen T, Jin LY. The Norphthalocyanines Bearing Two TTF Units: Synthesis, Photophysical and Electrochemical Properties. HETEROCYCLES 2011. [DOI: 10.3987/com-11-12235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Gonca E, Keskin B. Synthesis and characterization of soluble seco-porphyrazines with bulky substituents. J COORD CHEM 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/00958970902962220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ergün Gonca
- a Department of Chemistry , Fatih University , TR34500 B. Cekmece, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Bahadir Keskin
- b Department of Chemistry , Yıldız Technical University , TR34210 Esenler, Istanbul, Turkey
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Kabay N, Söyleyici S, Gök Y. The synthesis and characterization of novel metalloporphyrazine containing crown ether linked calix[4]arene moieties. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2009.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Bilgin A, Ertem B. Synthesis and characterization of novel supercryptands-fused porphyrazines. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2008.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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16
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Gonca E. Synthesis and characterization of octakis-(9-anthracenylmethylthio) substituted novel porphyrazines. TRANSIT METAL CHEM 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s11243-008-9078-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Fuchter MJ, Zhong C, Zong H, Hoffman BM, Barrett AGM. Porphyrazines: Designer Macrocycles by Peripheral Substituent Change. Aust J Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1071/ch07445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
It is rare that such a diverse array of applications can be realized from a single basic molecular unit, however, such is the power of the tetrapyrrolic macrocycle motif. Indeed, their potential in areas such as chemical dyes, optical sensors, optoelectronics, and biomedical agents is a function of their rich electronic and optical properties. While the naturally occurring porphyrins and the synthetic phthalocyanines have been extensively studied, the related tetraazaporphyrins or porphyrazines remain comparatively underdeveloped. Since porphyrazines maintain a unique position in this family: analogous derivatives are virtually inaccessible for the porphyrins, and direct fusion of heteroatomic substituents onto the porphyrazine β-positions results in a more pronounced effect compared with the substitution of an equivalent group onto the benzenoid rings of the phthalocyanine; a driving force exists to further explore the synthesis and applications of these novel macrocycles. This review will provide a historical overview of the synthetic strategies towards functionalized porphyrazines and describe new strategies towards the preparation and applications of heteroatom-appended porphyrazines, particularly in the context of their multimetallic complexes, catalysis, surface chemistry, and as biomedical agents.
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Fukuda T, Kobayashi N. Hydrogenated tetraazaporphyrins—old but new core-modified phthalocyanine analogues. Dalton Trans 2008:4685-704. [DOI: 10.1039/b804181d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Guinchard X, Fuchter MJ, Ruggiero A, Duckworth BJ, Barrett AGM, Hoffman BM. Multigram Synthesis of a Water-Soluble Porphyrazine and Derived seco-Porphyrazine Labeling Agents. Org Lett 2007; 9:5291-4. [DOI: 10.1021/ol702481x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xavier Guinchard
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, England, and Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208
| | - Matthew J. Fuchter
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, England, and Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208
| | - Andrea Ruggiero
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, England, and Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208
| | - Brian J. Duckworth
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, England, and Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208
| | - Anthony G. M. Barrett
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, England, and Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208
| | - Brian M. Hoffman
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, England, and Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208
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Infante I, Lelj F. New Investigations of Geometric, Electronic, and Spectroscopic Properties of Tetrapyrrolic Macrocycles by a TD−DFT Approach. Carbon, Nitrogen, and Chalcogen (O, S, Se) Peripheral Substitution Effects on Ni(II) Porphyrazinato Complexes. J Chem Theory Comput 2007; 3:838-51. [DOI: 10.1021/ct6003609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Infante
- Faculty of Sciences, Section of Theoretical Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, and LaMI, Dipartimento di Chimica and LaSCAMM, INSTM Sezione Basilicata, Università della Basilicata, Via N. Sauro 85, 85100 Potenza, Italy
| | - Francesco Lelj
- Faculty of Sciences, Section of Theoretical Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1083, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, and LaMI, Dipartimento di Chimica and LaSCAMM, INSTM Sezione Basilicata, Università della Basilicata, Via N. Sauro 85, 85100 Potenza, Italy
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Öztürk R, Güner S, Aktas B, Gül A. SYNTHESIS AND ESR STUDIES OF A SOLUBLE VANADYL PORPHYRAZINE. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1081/sim-100107708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ramazan Öztürk
- a Department of Chemistry , Fatih University , 34900, Buyukcekmece, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sadik Güner
- b Department of Physics , Fatih University , 34900, Buyukcekmece, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Bekir Aktas
- c Gebze Institute of Technology , Gebze, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Gül
- d Department of Chemistry , Technical University of Istanbul , 80626, Maslak, Istanbul, Turkey
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22
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Adachi K, Watarai H. Interfacial aggregation of thioether-substituted phthalocyaninatomagnesium(ii)–palladium(ii) complexes in the toluene/water system. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1039/b509009a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Ishii K, Itoya H, Miwa H, Kobayashi N. Selective detection of minor prototropic tautomers in low-symmetry tetraazaporphyrin derivatives by the combined use of electronic absorption, MCD, and CI calculations. Chem Commun (Camb) 2005:4586-8. [PMID: 16158123 DOI: 10.1039/b508500d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A series of low-symmetry metal-free tetraazaporphyrin (TAP) derivatives, i.e. monobenzo-substituted (1H2), adjacently dibenzo-substituted (2AdH2), oppositely dibenzo-substituted (2OpH2), and tribenzo-substituted (3H2) TAP derivatives, has been investigated by the combined use of electronic absorption, MCD, and CI calculations, proving the existence of two prototropic tautomers in 1H2 and 3H2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuyuki Ishii
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
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Rodríguez-Morgade MS, Esperanza S, Torres T, Barberá J. Synthesis, Characterization, and Properties of Subporphyrazines: A New Class of Nonplanar, Aromatic Macrocycles with Absorption in the Green Region. Chemistry 2004; 11:354-60. [PMID: 15540257 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200400787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Novel subphthalocyanine analogues that display strong absorption in the green region have been synthesized by using a boron template cyclotrimerization of maleonitrile derivatives. The spectroscopic properties of these macrocycles indicate that, like subphthalocyanines, they have 14 pi electrons and are aromatic compounds with a conical shape. The removal of the three fused benzene rings from the subphthalocyanine skeleton produces a 75-80 nm blue shift of the Q-band and a slight lowering of the absorption coefficients for this band. In addition, the reduction of the pi system from 18 to 14 electrons that accompanies progression from porphyrazines to subporphyrazines causes a hypsochromic shift of the Q-band of around 100 nm. Subporphyrazines that are peripherally functionalized with six thioether chains, and in which the sulfur atoms are attached directly to the pyrrole moieties, exhibit optical features that may be explained in terms of the extension of pi conjugation over the six thiolene groups, as well as strong pi donation from the sulfur lone pairs to the macrocycle. These two effects are quantitatively and qualitatively very similar to those observed for porphyrazines that possess the same type of substitution. In addition, the mesomorphic behavior at low temperatures of a macrocycle that is substituted with six thiododecyl chains was demonstrated by using differential scanning calorimetry and optical polarising microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Salomé Rodríguez-Morgade
- Departamento de Química Orgánica (C-I), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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Belviso S, Giugliano A, Amati M, Ricciardi G, Lelj F, Scolaro LM. Two-electron reduction of alkyl(sulfanyl)porphyrazines: a route to free-base and peripherally metallated asymmetric porphyrazines. Dalton Trans 2003:305-12. [PMID: 15356728 DOI: 10.1039/b312495a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Treatment of octakis(octylthio)porphyrazine (H(2)OOSPz) with cis-bis(benzonitrile)dichloroplatinum(II) in a 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene (TCB)-n-BuOH mixture at 190 degree C affords the asymmetric porphyrazine 2H-heptakis(octylthio)porphyrazine, H(2)HOSPz, in ca. 40% yield. In the key synthetic step the two-electron reduced diprotonated porphyrazine, [H(2)OOPz(4-)(H(+))(2)](hemiporphyrazinogen), forms in nearly quantitative yield. This species undergoes nucleophilic substitution of an octylsulfide group by H(-), affording the asymmetric porphyrazine, this process being favoured by the high-temperature induced charge and structural intramolecular rearrangements. The resulting molecule shows mesomorphic behaviour. Interestingly, in the presence of sodium acetate, or in neat TCB, the asymmetric porphyrazine does not form at all. Under these conditions, a PtCl(2) molecular fragment coordinates both to a porphyrazine aza bridge and to a thioether moiety leading to the formation of the [H(2)OOSPz]PtCl(2) complex. The S,N-coordination of the PtCl(2) unit was proved by (1)H, (195)Pt[(1)H], and (13)C NMR spectroscopy, and supported by DFT (B3LYP) calculations. The complex conjugates high asymmetry with strong solvatochromism and, therefore, it is potentially interesting for nonlinear optics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Belviso
- Dipartimento di Chimica, LaMI and INSTM, LaSCAMM Sezione Basilicata, Università della Basilicata, Via N. Sauro, 85, 85100 Potenza, Italy
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Baum SM, Trabanco AA, Montalban AG, Micallef AS, Zhong C, Meunier HG, Suhling K, Phillips D, White AJP, Williams DJ, Barrett AGM, Hoffman BM. Synthesis and reactions of aminoporphyrazines with annulated five- and seven-membered rings. J Org Chem 2003; 68:1665-70. [PMID: 12608777 DOI: 10.1021/jo026484u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The novel five- and seven-membered ring appended aminoporphyrazines 3 and 12 have been prepared via mixed Linstead macrocyclization. The structures of both have been unequivocally established by X-ray crystallographic studies. Reductive deselenation of selenadiazole 3 in the presence of 9,10-phenanthrenequinone or 2,3-butanedione results in the formation of pyrazines 6a,b, whereas oxidation of porphyrazine 12 gave the corresponding seco derivative 14. seco-Porphyrazine 14 mediates the generation of singlet oxygen with a quantum yield of 0.74.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven M Baum
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, South Kensington, London SW7 2AY, UK
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Kobayashi N, Fukuda T. Mono-aromatic ring-fused versus adjacently di-aromatic ring-fused tetraazaporphyrins: regioselective synthesis and their spectroscopic and electrochemical properties. J Am Chem Soc 2002; 124:8021-34. [PMID: 12095346 DOI: 10.1021/ja012382u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A method which preferentially produces adjacently di-aromatic ring-substituted tetraazaporphyrins (TAPs) has been developed, and their electrochemical and spectroscopic properties have been studied and compared with those of the corresponding series of mono-aromatic ring-fused TAPs. Mono-aromatic ring-fused TAPs show a split Q-band, and the splitting energy increases with increasing size of the aromatic ring. In addition, for the split Q-bands, the relative intensity of the band at longer wavelength decreases with increasing molecular size of the fused aromatics, compared with the shorter wavelength band. In the di-aromatic ring-fused TAPs, this kind of splitting is not seen, and only a shift of the band is observed. The intensity and band position of the split or unsplit Q-bands are quantitatively evaluated by simultaneous band deconvolution analysis, using both electronic absorption and magnetic circular dichroism spectra. The preparation of these TAP compounds has made it possible to adjust the Q-band position in a stepwise manner between ca. 600 and 750 nm. The first reduction and oxidation potentials of the TAP ring shift negatively with increasing number and size of the fused aromatics. The extent of the shift is found to be very small for the LUMOs but significant for the HOMOs. These spectroscopic and electrochemical properties are almost perfectly reproduced by molecular orbital calculations within the framework of the Pariser-Parr-Pople approximation. In particular, a small variation of the LUMO level and large destabilization of the HOMO level on ring expansion are rationalized from the extent of stretch of molecular orbitals: i.e., since the LUMOs are localized in the central TAP moiety irrespective of the molecular size, while the HOMOs have appreciable coefficients even over the fused aromatics, the HOMO level destabilizes while the LUMO level remains constant with increasing molecular size. In one CoTAP derivative, Co(III/II) and the first ligand oxidation couples occur experimentally at the same potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagao Kobayashi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
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Sakellariou EG, Montalban AG, Meunier HG, Rumbles G, Phillips D, Ostler RB, Suhling K, Barrett AGM, Hoffman BM. Peripherally metalated secoporphyrazines: a new generation of photoactive pigments. Inorg Chem 2002; 41:2182-7. [PMID: 11952372 DOI: 10.1021/ic0111583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Base-catalyzed cross condensation of dipropylmaleonitrile 1 with bis(dimethylamino)maleonitrile 2 in an equimolar ratio afforded the porphyrazines 3a, 4a, 5a, 6a and 7a. Subsequent demetalation of 5a with TFA followed by remetalation with Zn(OAc)(2) gave ligand 5c in good yield. Compound 5c was, in turn, selectively oxidized and further peripherally functionalized using Pt(PhCN)(2)Cl(2) and PdCl(2) to yield the novel seco solitaire porphyrazines 10a and 10b. The photophysical profiles of the seco solitaire porphyrazines 10a and 10b were evaluated by means of absorption, emission, and transient absorption spectroscopy. The new pigments 10a and 10b were found to be photochemically more stable than the solitaire complexes 3d and 3e and mediated the generation of singlet oxygen with quantum yields of 0.59 and 0.45, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efstathia G Sakellariou
- Departments of Chemistry, Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, South Kensington, London, SW7 2AY, U.K
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Belen’kii L, Kruchkovskaya N, Gramenitskaya V. The Literature of Heterocyclic Chemistry, Part VII: 1997–1999. ADVANCES IN HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2725(01)79024-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Synthesis and photophysical properties of peripherally metallated bis(dimethylamino)porphyrazines. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s1010-6030(00)00343-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Nemykin VN, Kobayashi N, Nonomura T, Luk’yanets EA. Low Symmetrical Phthalocyanines Having Spectroscopic and Electrochemical Properties Characteristic of Unexpected Accidental S1State Degeneracy and Non-Planar Distortions. CHEM LETT 2000. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.2000.184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Montalban AG, Meunier HG, Ostler RB, Barrett AGM, Hoffman BM, Rumbles G. Photoperoxidation of a Diamino Zinc Porphyrazine to the seco-Zinc Porphyrazine: Suicide or Murder? J Phys Chem A 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/jp9905068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Garrido Montalban
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College, London SW7 2AY, U.K., and Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, 60208
| | - H. G. Meunier
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College, London SW7 2AY, U.K., and Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, 60208
| | - R. B. Ostler
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College, London SW7 2AY, U.K., and Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, 60208
| | - A. G. M. Barrett
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College, London SW7 2AY, U.K., and Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, 60208
| | - B. M. Hoffman
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College, London SW7 2AY, U.K., and Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, 60208
| | - G. Rumbles
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College, London SW7 2AY, U.K., and Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, 60208
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