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Khodabakhshi MR, Kiamehr M, Moghaddam FM, Villinger A, Langer P. PTSA-Catalyzed Cyclization of 6-Aminouracils with Diimines: Efficient Synthesis of Functionalized Tetrahydropyrimido[4,5-d
]pyrimidine-2,4-diones. ChemistrySelect 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201801869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad R. Khodabakhshi
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center; Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Vanak Square, Mollasadra Ave. P.O. Box; 1435915371 Tehran Iran
| | - Mostafa Kiamehr
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science; University of Qom, Ghadir Blvd, P.O. Box; 3716146611 Qom Iran
| | - Firouz M. Moghaddam
- Laboratory of Organic Synthesis and Natural Products; Department of Chemistry, Sharif University of Technology, PO Box; 11155-9516 Tehran Iran
| | - Alexander Villinger
- Institut für Chemie der Universität Rostock; Albert-Einstein-Straße 3a, D- 18059 Rostock Germany
| | - Peter Langer
- Institut für Chemie der Universität Rostock; Albert-Einstein-Straße 3a, D- 18059 Rostock Germany
- Leibniz Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock; Albert-Einstein-Straße 29a D-18059 Rostock Germany
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2
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Synthesis of fused pyrrolo[3,4-d]tetrahydropyrimidine derivatives by proline-catalyzed multicomponent reaction. Tetrahedron 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2014.04.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Gangjee A, Namjoshi OA, Yu J, Ihnat MA, Thorpe JE, Bailey-Downs LC. N2-Trimethylacetyl substituted and unsubstituted-N4-phenylsubstituted-6-(2-pyridin-2-ylethyl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine-2,4-diamines: design, cellular receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitory activities and in vivo evaluation as antiangiogenic, antimetastatic and antitumor agents. Bioorg Med Chem 2013; 21:1312-23. [PMID: 23375090 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2012.12.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2012] [Revised: 12/06/2012] [Accepted: 12/14/2012] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Six novel N(4)-phenylsubstituted-6-(2-pyridin-2-ylethyl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine-2,4-diamines and their N(2)-trimethylacetyl substituted analogs were synthesized as receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) inhibitors. A microwave-mediated Sonogashira reaction was used as a key step for the synthesis of these compounds. Biological evaluation, in whole cell assays, showed that some analogs had remarkable inhibitory activity against a variety of RTKs and in particular cytotoxic activity against A431 tumor cells in culture. The inhibitory data against RTKs in this study demonstrated that variation of the 4-anilino substituents of these analogs dictates both potency and specificity of inhibitory activity against various RTKs. The study also supported the hypothesis that interaction of substituents on the 2-amino group with hydrophobic site-II provides an increase in potency. Compound 8 of this series was selected for evaluation in vivo in a B16-F10 syngeneic mouse tumor model and exhibited significant reduction in tumor growth rate, in tumor vascular density and in metastases to the lung compared to the control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleem Gangjee
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA 15282, USA.
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5
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Functionalization of pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine by palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions (review). Chem Heterocycl Compd (N Y) 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s10593-012-0986-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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6
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Evaluation of bis-triphenylphosphano-copper(I)-butyrate (C3H7COOCu(PPh3)2) as catalyst for the synthesis of 1-glycopyranosyl-4-substituted-1,2,3-triazoles. Carbohydr Res 2012; 351:42-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2012.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2011] [Revised: 01/08/2012] [Accepted: 01/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Gangjee A, Zaware N, Raghavan S, Yang J, Thorpe JE, Ihnat MA. N⁴-(3-Bromophenyl)-7-(substituted benzyl) pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidines as potent multiple receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors: design, synthesis, and in vivo evaluation. Bioorg Med Chem 2012; 20:2444-54. [PMID: 22370340 PMCID: PMC3310894 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2012.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2011] [Revised: 01/11/2012] [Accepted: 01/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
With the goal of developing multitargeted receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors that display potent inhibition against PDGFRβ and VEGFR-2 we designed and synthesized eleven N(4)-(3-bromophenyl)-7-(substitutedbenzyl) pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidines 9a-19a. These compounds were obtained from the key intermediate N(4)-(3-bromophenyl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine-2,4-diamine 29. Various arylmethyl groups were regiospecifically attached at the N7 of 29 via sodium hydride induced alkylation with substituted arylmethyl halides. Compounds 11a and 19a were potent dual inhibitors of PDGFRβ and VEGFR-2. In a COLO-205, in vivo tumor mouse model 11a demonstrated inhibition of tumor growth, metastasis, and tumor angiogenesis that was better than or comparable to the standard compound TSU-68 (SU6668, 8).
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleem Gangjee
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, 600 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15282, USA.
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Synthesis of 1-(d-glucopyranosyl)-1,2,3-triazoles and their evaluation as glycogen phosphorylase inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2010; 18:1171-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2009.12.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2009] [Revised: 12/09/2009] [Accepted: 12/15/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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9
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CoMFA analysis of tgDHFR and rlDHFR based on antifolates with 6-5 fused ring system using the all-orientation search (AOS) routine and a modified cross-validated r(2)-guided region selection (q(2)-GRS) routine and its initial application. Bioorg Med Chem 2010; 18:1684-701. [PMID: 20117005 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2009.12.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2009] [Revised: 12/18/2009] [Accepted: 12/28/2009] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We report the development of CoMFA analysis models that correlate the 3D chemical structures of 80 compounds with 6-5 fused ring system synthesized in our laboratory and their inhibitory potencies against tgDHFR and rlDHFR. In addition to conventional CoMFA analysis, we used two routines available in the literature aimed at the optimization of CoMFA: all-orientation search (AOS) and cross-validated r(2)-guided region selection (q(2)-GRS) to further optimize the models. During this process, we identified a problem associated with q(2)-GRS routine and modified using two strategies. Thus, for the inhibitory activity against each enzyme (tgDHFR and rlDHFR), five CoMFA models were developed using the conventional CoMFA, AOS optimized CoMFA, the original q(2)-GRS optimized CoMFA and the modified q(2)-GRS optimized CoMFA using the first and the second strategy. In this study, we demonstrate that the modified q(2)-GRS routines are superior to the original routine. On the basis of the steric contour maps of the models, we designed four new compounds in the 2,4-diamino-5-methyl-6-phenylsulfanyl-substituted pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine series. As predicted, the new compounds were potent and selective inhibitors of tgDHFR. One of them, 2,4-diamino-5-methyl-6-(2',6'-dimethylphenylthio)pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine, is the first 6-5 fused ring system compound with nanomolar tgDHFR inhibitory activity. The HCl salt of this compound was also prepared to increase solubility. Both forms of the drug were tested in vivo in a Toxoplasma gondii infection mouse model. The results indicate that both forms were active with the HCl salt significantly more potent than the free base.
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Gangjee A, Namjoshi OA, Yu J, Ihnat MA, Thorpe JE, Warnke LA. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of substituted pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidines as multiple receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors and antiangiogenic agents. Bioorg Med Chem 2008; 16:5514-28. [PMID: 18467105 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2008.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2008] [Revised: 04/04/2008] [Accepted: 04/04/2008] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Direct and indirect involvement of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) in tumor growth and metastasis makes them ideal targets for anticancer therapy. A paradigm shift from inhibition of single RTK to inhibition of multiple RTKs has been recently demonstrated. We designed and synthesized eight N(4)-phenylsubstituted-6-(2-phenylethylsubstituted)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine-2,4-diamines as homologated series of our previously published RTK inhibitors. We reasoned that increased flexibility of the side chain, which determines potency and selectivity, would improve the spectrum of RTK inhibition. These compounds were synthesized using a bis-electrophilic cyclization to afford substituted pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidines followed by chlorination and substitution at the 4-position with various anilines. Five additional compounds of this series were previously reported by Gangjee et al.(1) with activities against IGFR only. Their synthesis, characterization and biological activities against a variety of other RTKs are reported in this study for the first time. The biological evaluation, in whole cell assays, showed several analogs had remarkable inhibitory activity against epithelial growth factor receptor (EGFR), vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-1 (VEGFR-1), platelet-derived growth factor receptor-beta (PDGFR-beta), the growth of A431 cells in culture, and in the chicken embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) angiogenesis assay. The inhibitory data against the RTKs in this study demonstrate that variation of the 6-ethylaryl substituents as well as the N(4)-phenyl substituents of these analogs does indeed control both the potency and specificity of inhibitory activity against RTKs. In addition, homologation of the chain length of the 6-substituent from a methylene to an ethyl increases the spectrum of RTK inhibition. New multi-RTK inhibitors (8, 12) and potent inhibitors of angiogenesis (15, 19) were identified with the best compound, N(4)-(3-trifluromethylphenyl)-6-(2-phenylethyl)-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine-2,4-diamine (15), with an IC(50) value of 30nM in the CAM angiogenesis inhibition assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleem Gangjee
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA 15282, USA.
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11
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Nyffenegger C, Fournet G, Joseph B. Synthesis of 3-amino-5H-pyrrolo[2,3-e]-1,2,4-triazines by Sonogashira/copper(I)-catalyzed heteroannulation. Tetrahedron Lett 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2007.05.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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12
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Linz S, Troschütz R. Synthesis of 5-[(4-phenylpiperazin-1-yl)methyl]pyrrolo-[2,3-d]pyrimidine derivatives as potential dopamine D4 receptor ligands. J Heterocycl Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.5570440211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Goze C, Ulrich G, Ziessel R. Tetrahedral Boron Chemistry for the Preparation of Highly Efficient “Cascatelle” Devices. J Org Chem 2006; 72:313-22. [PMID: 17221945 DOI: 10.1021/jo060984w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The replacement of the two fluorine atoms on the boron center of the well-known Bodipy fluorophore by functionalized acetylenic groups opens the way to a new family of highly luminescent, redox active, and stable fluorophores termed "E-Bodipy" species. The substitution is effective for ethynyl-lithium reagents incorporating tolyl, naphthyl, pyrenyl, fluorenyl, and terpyridinyl units. The protocol also tolerates the presence of various functional groups in the dipyrromethene meso position such as pyrene, phenylethynylpyrene, 4'-terpyridine, and iodophenyl. The last of these is particularly useful for a further coupling reaction enabling introduction of a flexible arm bearing a succinimidyl unit reactive toward primary amines. X-ray structure determinations of two E-Bodipy compounds confirm the introduction of the ethynyl units and show the boron atoms to have a distorted tetrahedral environment, with B-C(ethynyl) approximately 1.59 A and both boron atoms lying essentially in the mean planes of the dipyrromethene units. All the new compounds show intense electronic absorption bands (epsilon 60,000-70,000 M-1 cm-1), high quantum yields (>80%), and slow rates of nonradiative decay. Absorption by the aromatic substituents results in a "cascatelle" process leading to emission exclusively through the boradiazaindacene entity and thus large virtual Stokes' shift (>10,000 cm-1). The new compounds are also redox active, with the formation of both Bodipy+* and Bodipy-* occurring more readily than for F-Bodipy species. The molecules in their excited states are strong reducing agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Goze
- Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecole de Chimie, Polymères, Matériaux (ECPM), 25 rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg Cedex 02, France
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Gangjee A, Yu J, Kisliuk RL, Haile WH, Sobrero G, McGuire JJ. Design, synthesis, and biological activities of classical N-[4-[2-(2-amino-4-ethylpyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl)ethyl]benzoyl]-l-glutamic acid and its 6-methyl derivative as potential dual inhibitors of thymidylate synthase and dihydrofolate reductase and as potential antitumor agents. J Med Chem 2003; 46:591-600. [PMID: 12570380 DOI: 10.1021/jm0203534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Two novel analogues, N-[2-amino-4-ethyl[(pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl)ethyl]benzoyl]-l-glutamic acid (2) and N-[2-amino-4-ethyl-6-methyl[(pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl)ethyl]benzoyl]-l-glutamic acid (4), were designed and synthesized as potent dual inhibitors of thymidylate synthase (TS) and dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) and as antitumor agents. Compound 2 had inhibitory potency against human DHFR similar to N-[4-[2-(amino-3,4-dihydro-4-oxo-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-5-yl)ethyl]benzoyl]-L-glutamic acid (LY231514) and 1, whereas 4 was inactive against human DHFR. Both 2 and 4 were more potent than LY231514 against E. coliTS. Against human TS, 2 was 7-fold less potent than LY231514 and 4 showed similar inhibitory activity as LY231514. In contrast to 2, which was an efficient substrate of human folypolyglutamate synthetase (FPGS), 4 was a poor substrate of FPGS. Compound 2 showed GI50 values in the nanomolar range against more than 18 human tumor cell lines in the standard NCI preclinical in vitro screen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleem Gangjee
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15282, USA.
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