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Nikoofar K, Sadathosainy M. Phthalic anhydride (PA): a valuable substrate in organic transformations. RSC Adv 2023; 13:23870-23946. [PMID: 37588043 PMCID: PMC10426397 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra03378c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
This review has been centralized on applications of phthalic anhydride (PA) as a valuable and significant heterocyclic substrate in two- and multicomponent organic reactions. The article has been subdivided into the following parts: (i) PA introduction by focusing on its characterization, synthesizing procedure, and multiple-aspect applications. In addition, the previous review articles based on PA have also been indicated; (ii) the applications of PA as a substrate have been subdivided into parts with a glance on the reaction components numbers; (iii) the applications of PA in esterification reactions; and (iv) some examples of PA in multistep synthesis. The review covers the corresponding literature up to the end of 2022. According to the abovementioned classifications, PA is a potent substrate to design a wide range of heterocyclic compounds that possess various kinds of properties and applications in chemistry, industry, and pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kobra Nikoofar
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Alzahra University P.O. Box 1993891176 Tehran Iran +98 2188041344 +98 2188041344
| | - Mansoorehsadat Sadathosainy
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Alzahra University P.O. Box 1993891176 Tehran Iran +98 2188041344 +98 2188041344
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Prem Kumar S, Shaikh IA, Mahnashi MH, Alshahrani MA, Dixit SR, Kulkarni VH, Lherbet C, Gadad AK, Aminabhavi TM, Joshi SD. Design, synthesis and computational approach to study novel pyrrole scaffolds as active inhibitors of enoyl ACP reductase (InhA) and Mycobacterium tuberculosis antagonists. J INDIAN CHEM SOC 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jics.2022.100674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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Mahmoud NFH, Elsayed GA. Molecular docking and biological assessment of substituted phthalazin‐1(2H)‐one derivatives. J Heterocycl Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.3913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Galal A. Elsayed
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of ScienceAin Shams University Cairo Egypt
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Design and synthesis of new phthalazine-based derivatives as potential EGFR inhibitors for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. Bioorg Chem 2019; 85:293-307. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2018.12.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2018] [Revised: 11/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Bakherad M, Karami S, Keivanloo A. Sonogashira Reaction: Synthesis of Novel Derivatives of 3-Aryl-Substituted 6-Chloroimidazo[2, 1-a]phthalazines Catalyzed by Pd-Cu in Water. ChemistrySelect 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201702757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Bakherad
- Faculty of Chemistry; Shahrood University of Technology; Shahrood 3619995161 Iran
| | - Saeed Karami
- Faculty of Chemistry; Shahrood University of Technology; Shahrood 3619995161 Iran
| | - Ali Keivanloo
- Faculty of Chemistry; Shahrood University of Technology; Shahrood 3619995161 Iran
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Joshi SD, More UA, Dixit SR, Balmi SV, Kulkarni BG, Ullagaddi G, Lherbet C, Aminabhavi TM. Chemical synthesis and in silico molecular modeling of novel pyrrolyl benzohydrazide derivatives: Their biological evaluation against enoyl ACP reductase (InhA) and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Bioorg Chem 2017; 75:181-200. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2017.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2017] [Revised: 09/09/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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An Efficient Synthesis of Novel Bioactive Thiazolyl-Phthalazinediones under Ultrasound Irradiation. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22020319. [PMID: 28218718 PMCID: PMC6155881 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22020319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Revised: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel 2-thiazolylphthalazine derivatives were efficiently synthesized under ultrasound irradiation, resulting in high yields and short reaction times after optimization of the reaction conditions. All prepared compounds were fully characterized using spectroscopic methods. They were screened for their antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria as well as for antifungal activity. The antimicrobial activity profile of the tested compounds showed some promising results. The potent activity of compounds 4d, 7b (117% zone inhibition) and 7c (105% zone inhibition) against Salmonella sp., exceeding that of the reference drug Gentamycin is particularly noteworthy. In general, the newly synthesized thiazolylphthalazine derivatives showed higher antimicrobial activity against the tested Gram-negative bacteria than against Gram-positive bacteria and fungi.
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Synthesis and molecular modeling studies of novel pyrrole analogs as antimycobacterial agents. JOURNAL OF SAUDI CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jscs.2013.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Hameed AD, Ovais S, Yaseen R, Rathore P, Samim M, Singh S, Sharma K, Akhtar M, Javed K. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of New Phthalazinone Derivatives as Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Proliferative Agents. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2016; 349:150-9. [DOI: 10.1002/ardp.201500336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Revised: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alhamzah Dh. Hameed
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science; Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University); New Delhi India
| | - Syed Ovais
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science; Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University); New Delhi India
| | - Raed Yaseen
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science; Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University); New Delhi India
| | - Pooja Rathore
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science; Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University); New Delhi India
| | - Mohammed Samim
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science; Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University); New Delhi India
| | - Surender Singh
- Department of Pharmacology; All India Institute of Medical Science; New Delhi India
| | - Kalicharan Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Drug Design and Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory; Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University); New Delhi India
| | - Mymona Akhtar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Drug Design and Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory; Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University); New Delhi India
| | - Kalim Javed
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science; Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University); New Delhi India
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Moustafa AH, El-Sayed HA, Abd El-Hady RA, Haikal AZ, El-Hashash M. Synthesis, Antiviral, and Antimicrobial Activity ofN- andS-Alkylated Phthalazine Derivatives. J Heterocycl Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.2316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed H. Moustafa
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science; Zagazig University; Zagazig Egypt
| | - Hassan A. El-Sayed
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science; Zagazig University; Zagazig Egypt
| | | | | | - Maher El-Hashash
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science; Ain-Shams University; Cairo Egypt
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Yaseen S, Ovais S, Bashir R, Rathore P, Samim M, Singh S, Nair V, Javed K. Synthesis and biological evaluation of 4-arylphthalazones bearing benzenesulfonamide as anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer agents. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2013; 346:491-8. [PMID: 23670888 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.201300056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2013] [Revised: 03/21/2013] [Accepted: 03/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Nine 4-arylphthalazones bearing benzenesulfonamide (2a-i) were synthesized by the condensation of the appropriate 2-aroylbenzoic acid (1a-i) and 4-hydrazinobenzenesulfonamide in ethanol. The structures of these compounds were elucidated by elemental analysis, IR, ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR, and MS spectroscopy. Two compounds, 2b and 2i, showed significant anti-inflammatory activity comparable to that of the standard drug celecoxib in the carrageenan-induced rat paw edema model. These compounds (2b and 2i) had selective inhibitory activity towards the COX-2 enzyme. Compound 2b had a better selectivity ratio (COX-1/COX-2) compared to that of celecoxib and can be used as a novel template for the design of selective COX-2 inhibitors. Compounds 2d and 2i were screened for their antiproliferative activity toward 60 human cancer cell lines by the National Cancer Institute (USA). The compounds 2d and 2i displayed mild activity toward the renal cancer cell line UO-31.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shafiya Yaseen
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi, India
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Verardo G, Venneri CD, Esposito G, Strazzolini P. Study of the Reaction between Carbamoyl Azides of α-N-Protected Amino Acids and Hydrazine Monohydrate. European J Org Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201001385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Cardia MC, Distinto S, Maccioni E, Plumitallo A, Sanna L, Sanna ML, Vigo S. Synthesis and characterization of new phthalhydrazothiazole derivatives: A preliminary investigation on their activity against hepatocellular carcinoma. J Heterocycl Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Habibi D, Mahmoudi N, Marvi O. Green Procedure for the Synthesis of Phthalazino[2,3‐b]phthalazine‐5,7,12,14‐tetraones. SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/00397910701545247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Davood Habibi
- a Faculty of Chemistry , Bu‐Ali Sina University , Hamedan, Iran
| | | | - Omid Marvi
- a Faculty of Chemistry , Bu‐Ali Sina University , Hamedan, Iran
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Montmorillonite KSF clay as an efficient catalyst for the synthesis of 1,4-dioxo-3,4-dihydrophthalazine-2(1H)-carboxamides and -carbothioamides under solvent-free conditions using microwave irradiation. CATAL COMMUN 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.catcom.2006.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Habibi D, Mahmoodi N, Marvi O. Montmorillonite K-10 clay as reusable heterogeneous catalyst for the microwave-mediated solventless synthesis of phthalazinetetraones. CAN J CHEM 2007. [DOI: 10.1139/v06-189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Different phthalazino[2,3-b]phthalazine-5,7,12,14-tetraones were synthesized in a simple and environmentally benign method from the reaction of some phthalic anhydrides with semicarbazide or thiosemicarbazide using montmorillonite K-10 clay as solid heterogeneous acidic catalyst and microwaves under solvent-free conditions in good yields and short reaction times. The present method has many obvious advantages compared with those reported in the literature, including high efficiency, higher yield, operational simplicity, environmental benignity, and the possibility of recycling the solid clay. The solid clay catalyst used in the first cycle of the reactions was successfully recovered and reused in the second cycle, showing a gradual decrease in activity.Key words: montmorillonite K-10 clay, microwave, solvent-free condition, phthalazinetetraones, semicarbazide, thiosemicarbazide.
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Cardia MC, Distinto S, Maccioni E, Plumitallo A, Sanna ML, Saddi M, Delogu A. Isonicotinoylhydrazothiazoles and isonicotinoyl-N4-substituted thiosemicarbazides: Synthesis, characterization, and anti-mycobacterial activity. J Heterocycl Chem 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.5570430529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Synthesis of 5-nitro-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1,4-phthalazinedione and 1,8-dinitro-5,7,12,14-tetrahydrophthalazino-[2,3-b]phthalazine-5,7,12,14-tetraone. Chem Heterocycl Compd (N Y) 2006. [DOI: 10.1007/s10593-006-0190-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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