Quinolone analogs 11: Synthesis of novel 4-quinolone-3-carbohydrazide derivatives with antimalarial activity

Biological Effects of Quinolones: A Family of Broad-Spectrum Antimicrobial Agents

Broad antibacterial spectrum, high oral bioavailability and excellent tissue penetration combined with safety and few, yet rare, unwanted effects, have made the quinolones class of antimicrobials one of the most used in inpatients and outpatients. Initially discovered during the search for improved chloroquine-derivative molecules with increased anti-malarial activity, today the quinolones, intended as antimicrobials, comprehend four generations that progressively have been extending antimicrobial spectrum and clinical use. The quinolone class of antimicrobials exerts its antimicrobial actions through inhibiting DNA gyrase and Topoisomerase IV that in turn inhibits synthesis of DNA and RNA. Good distribution through different tissues and organs to treat Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria have made quinolones a good choice to treat disease in both humans and animals. The extensive use of quinolones, in both human health and in the veterinary field, has induced a rise of resistance and menace with leaving the quinolones family ineffective to treat infections. This review revises the evolution of quinolones structures, biological activity, and the clinical importance of this evolving family. Next, updated information regarding the mechanism of antimicrobial activity is revised. The veterinary use of quinolones in animal productions is also considered for its environmental role in spreading resistance. Finally, considerations for the use of quinolones in human and veterinary medicine are discussed.

Antiplasmodial and antimalarial activities of quinolone derivatives: An overview

Malaria remains one of the most deadly infectious diseases globally. Considering the growing spread of resistance, development of new and effective antimalarials remains an urgent priority. Quinolones, which are emerged as one of the most important class of antibiotics in the treatment of various bacterial infections, showed potential in vitro antiplasmodial and in vivo antimalarial activities, making them promising candidates for the chemoprophylaxis and treatment of malaria. This review presents the current progresses and applications of quinolone-based derivatives as potential antimalarials to pave the way for the development of new antimalarials.

11-(4-Methyl-phen-yl)-8,9-dihydro-7H-benzo[f]cyclo-penta-[b]quinolin-10(11H)-one

In the title compound, C₂₃H₁₉NO, the naphthalene ring system and the cyclo­pent-2-enone ring exhibit planar conformations with maximum deviations of 0.034 (1) and 0.02 (1) Å, respectively. The 1,4-dihydro­pyridine ring adopts an envelope conformation with the C atom bearing the p-tolyl ring as the flap atom. Inter­molecular N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds and C—H⋯π inter­actions stabilize the crystal packing.