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Oke O, Sullivan KM, Hom J, Svec D, Weng Y, Shieh L. Quality improvement project to reduce medicare 1-day write-offs due to inappropriate admission orders. BMC Health Serv Res 2024; 24:204. [PMID: 38355492 PMCID: PMC10868014 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-024-10594-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We identified that Stanford Health Care had a significant number of patients who after discharge are found by the utilization review committee not to meet Center for Mediare and Medicaid Services (CMS) 2-midnight benchmark for inpatient status. Some of the charges incurred during the care of these patients are written-off and known as Medicare 1-day write-offs. This study which aims to evaluate the use of a Best Practice Alert (BPA) feature on the electronic medical record, EPIC, to ensure appropriate designation of a patient's hospitalization status as either inpatient or outpatient in accordance with Center for Medicare and Medicaid services (CMS) 2 midnight length of stay benchmark thereby reducing the number of associated write-offs. METHOD We incorporated a best practice alert (BPA) into the Epic Electronic Medical Record (EMR) that would prompt the discharging provider and the case manager to review the patients' inpatient designation prior to discharge and change the patient's designation to observation when deemed appropriate. Patients who met the inclusion criteria (Patients must have Medicare fee-for-service insurance, inpatient length of stay (LOS) less than 2 midnights, inpatient designation as hospitalization status at time of discharge, was hospitalized to an acute level of care and belonged to one of 37 listed hospital services at the time of signing of the discharge order) were randomized to have the BPA either silent or active over a three-month period from July 18, 2019, to October 18, 2019. RESULT A total of 88 patients were included in this study: 40 in the control arm and 48 in the intervention arm. In the intervention arm, 8 (8/48, 16.7%) had an inpatient status designation despite potentially meeting Medicare guidelines for an observation stay, comparing to 23 patients (23/40, 57.5%) patients in the control group (p = 0.001). The estimated number of write-offs in the control arm was 17 (73.9%, out of 23 inpatient patients) while in the intervention arm was 1 (12.5%, out of 8 inpatient patient) after accounting for patients who may have met inpatient criteria for other reasons based on case manager note review. CONCLUSION This is the first time to our knowledge that a BPA has been used in this manner to reduce the number of Medicare 1-day write-offs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jason Hom
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - David Svec
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Yingjie Weng
- Quantitative Sciences Unit, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Lisa Shieh
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA
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Sabbatini AK, Parrish C, Liao JM, Wright B, Basu A, Kreuter W, Joynt-Maddox KE. Hospital Performance Under Alternative Readmission Measures Incorporating Observation Stays. Med Care 2023; 61:779-786. [PMID: 37712715 PMCID: PMC10592134 DOI: 10.1097/mlr.0000000000001920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the extent to which counting observation stays changes hospital performance on 30-day readmission measures. METHODS This was a retrospective study of inpatient admissions and observation stays among fee-for-service Medicare enrollees in 2017. We generated 3 specifications of 30-day risk-standardized readmissions measures: the hospital-wide readmission (HWR) measure utilized by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, which captures inpatient readmissions within 30 days of inpatient discharge; an expanded HWR measure, which captures any unplanned hospitalization (inpatient admission or observation stay) within 30 days of inpatient discharge; an all-hospitalization readmission (AHR) measure, which captures any unplanned hospitalization following any hospital discharge (observation stays are included in both the numerator and denominator of the measure). Estimated excess readmissions for hospitals were compared across the 3 measures. High performers were defined as those with a lower-than-expected number of readmissions whereas low performers had higher-than-expected or excess readmissions. Multivariable logistic regression identified hospital characteristics associated with worse performance under the measures that included observation stays. RESULTS Our sample had 2586 hospitals with 5,749,779 hospitalizations. Observation stays ranged from 0% to 41.7% of total hospitalizations. Mean (SD) readmission rates were 16.6% (5.4) for the HWR, 18.5% (5.7) for the expanded HWR, and 17.9% (5.7) in the all-hospitalization readmission measure. Approximately 1 in 7 hospitals (14.9%) would switch from being classified as a high performer to a low performer or vice-versa if observation stays were fully included in the calculation of readmission rates. Safety-net hospitals and those with a higher propensity to use observation would perform significantly worse. CONCLUSIONS Fully incorporating observation stays in readmission measures would substantially change performance in value-based programs for safety-net hospitals and hospitals with high rates of observation stays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amber K. Sabbatini
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA
- Department of Health Systems and Population Health, University of Washington, School of Public Health
| | - Canada Parrish
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA
- Department of Health Systems and Population Health, University of Washington, School of Public Health
| | - Joshua M. Liao
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA
- Value System Science Lab, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Brad Wright
- Department of Health Services, Policy and Management University of South Carolina School of Public Health, Columbia, SC
| | - Anirban Basu
- The Comparative Health Outcomes, Policy and Economics (CHOICE) Institute, University of Washington School of Pharmacy, Seattle, WA
| | - William Kreuter
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA
- The Comparative Health Outcomes, Policy and Economics (CHOICE) Institute, University of Washington School of Pharmacy, Seattle, WA
| | - Karen E. Joynt-Maddox
- Division of Cardiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
- Center for Health Economics and Policy, Institute for Public Health, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri
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Rodriguez S, Shen TS, Lebrun DG, Della Valle AG, Ast MP, Rodriguez JA. Ambulatory total hip arthroplasty: Causes for failure to launch and associated risk factors. Bone Jt Open 2022; 3:684-691. [PMID: 36047458 PMCID: PMC9533240 DOI: 10.1302/2633-1462.39.bjo-2022-0106.r1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims The volume of ambulatory total hip arthroplasty (THA) procedures is increasing due to the emphasis on value-based care. The purpose of the study is to identify the causes for failed same-day discharge (SDD) and perioperative factors leading to failed SDD. Methods This retrospective cohort study followed pre-selected patients for SDD THA from 1 August 2018 to 31 December 2020. Inclusion criteria were patients undergoing unilateral THA with appropriate social support, age 18 to 75 years, and BMI < 37 kg/m2. Patients with opioid dependence, coronary artery disease, and valvular heart disease were excluded. Demographics, comorbidities, and perioperative data were collected from the electronic medical records. Possible risk factors for failed SDD were identified using multivariate logistic regression. Results In all, 278 patients were identified with a mean age of 57.1 years (SD 8.1) and a mean BMI of 27.3 kg/m2 (SD 4.5). A total of 96 patients failed SDD, with the most common reasons being failure to clear physical therapy (26%), dizziness (22%), and postoperative nausea and vomiting (11%). Risk factors associated with failed SDD included smokers (odds ratio (OR) 6.24; p = 0.009), a maximum postoperative pain score > 8 (OR 4.76; p = 0.004), and procedures starting after 11 am (OR 2.28; p = 0.015). A higher postoperative tolerable pain goal (numerical rating scale 4 to 10) was found to be associated with successful SDD (OR 2.7; p = 0.001). Age, BMI, surgical approach, American Society of Anesthesiologists grade, and anaesthesia type were not associated with failed SDD. Conclusion SDD is a safe and viable option for pre-selected patients interested in rapid recovery THA. The most common causes for failure to launch were failing to clear physical thereapy and patient symptomatology. Risk factors associated with failed SSD highlight the importance of preoperative counselling regarding smoking cessation and postoperative pain to set reasonable expectations. Future interventions should aim to improve patient postoperative mobilization, pain control, and decrease symptomatology. Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2022;3(9):684–691.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Rodriguez
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery Hospital for Special Surgery, Adult Reconstruction and Joint Replacement, New York, New York, USA
| | - Tony S. Shen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery Hospital for Special Surgery, Adult Reconstruction and Joint Replacement, New York, New York, USA
| | - Drake G. Lebrun
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery Hospital for Special Surgery, Adult Reconstruction and Joint Replacement, New York, New York, USA
| | - Alejandro G. Della Valle
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery Hospital for Special Surgery, Adult Reconstruction and Joint Replacement, New York, New York, USA
| | - Michael P. Ast
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery Hospital for Special Surgery, Adult Reconstruction and Joint Replacement, New York, New York, USA
| | - Jose A. Rodriguez
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery Hospital for Special Surgery, Adult Reconstruction and Joint Replacement, New York, New York, USA
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Chaftari P, Lipe DN, Wattana MK, Qdaisat A, Krishnamani PP, Thomas J, Elsayem AF, Sandoval M. Outcomes of Patients Placed in an Emergency Department Observation Unit of a Comprehensive Cancer Center. JCO Oncol Pract 2021; 18:e574-e585. [PMID: 34905410 PMCID: PMC9014449 DOI: 10.1200/op.21.00478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Emergency department observation units (EDOUs) have been shown to decrease length of stay and improve cost effectiveness. Yet, compared with noncancer patients, patients with cancer are placed in EDOUs less often. In this study, we aimed to describe patients who were placed in a cancer center's EDOU to discern their clinical characteristics and outcomes. Outcomes of patients placed in an emergency department observation unit of a comprehensive cancer center
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Chaftari
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Demis N Lipe
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Monica K Wattana
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Aiham Qdaisat
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | | | - Jomol Thomas
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Ahmed F Elsayem
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Marcelo Sandoval
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
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Bradley SM, Kaltenbach LA, Xiang K, Amin AP, Hess PL, Maddox TM, Poulose A, Brilakis ES, Sorajja P, Ho PM, Rao SV. Trends in Use and Outcomes of Same-Day Discharge Following Elective Percutaneous Coronary Intervention. JACC Cardiovasc Interv 2021; 14:1655-1666. [PMID: 34353597 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcin.2021.05.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aims of this study were to describe trends and hospital variation in same-day discharge following elective percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and to evaluate the association between trends in same-day discharge and patient outcomes. BACKGROUND Insights on contemporary use of same-day discharge following elective PCI are limited. METHODS In a sequential cross-sectional analysis of 819,091 patients undergoing elective PCI at 1,716 hospitals in the National Cardiovascular Data Registry CathPCI Registry from July 1, 2009, to December 31, 2017, overall and hospital-level trends in same-day discharge were assessed. Among the 212,369 patients who linked to Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services data, the association between same-day discharge and 30-day mortality and rehospitalization was assessed. RESULTS A total of 114,461 patients (14.0%) were discharged the same day as PCI. The proportion of patients with same-day discharge increased from 4.5% in the third quarter of 2009 to 28.6% in the fourth quarter of 2017. From 2009 to 2017, the rate of same-day discharge increased from 4.3% to 19.5% for femoral-access PCI and from 9.9% to 39.7% for radial-access PCI. Hospital-level variation in the use of same-day discharge persisted throughout (median odds ratio adjusted for year and radial access: 4.15). Risk-adjusted 30-day mortality did not change over time, while risk-adjusted rehospitalization decreased over time and more quickly for same-day discharge (P for interaction <0.001). CONCLUSIONS In the past decade, a large increase in the use of same-day discharge following elective PCI was not associated with worse 30-day mortality or rehospitalization. Hospital-level variation in same-day discharge may represent an opportunity to reduce costs without compromising patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven M Bradley
- Minneapolis Heart Institute, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA; Minneapolis Heart Institute Foundation, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.
| | | | - Katelyn Xiang
- The Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Amit P Amin
- Healthcare Innovation Lab, BJC HealthCare/Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Paul L Hess
- Division of Cardiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA; VA Eastern Colorado Health Care System, Aurora, Colorado, USA; University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Thomas M Maddox
- Healthcare Innovation Lab, BJC HealthCare/Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Anil Poulose
- Minneapolis Heart Institute, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Emmanouil S Brilakis
- Minneapolis Heart Institute, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA; Minneapolis Heart Institute Foundation, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Paul Sorajja
- Minneapolis Heart Institute, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA; Minneapolis Heart Institute Foundation, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - P Michael Ho
- Division of Cardiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA; VA Eastern Colorado Health Care System, Aurora, Colorado, USA; University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Sunil V Rao
- The Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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Khalid U, Deswal A. Observation Versus Inpatient Stay for Heart Failure: Is It Semantics? J Am Heart Assoc 2018; 7:JAHA.117.008263. [PMID: 29386208 PMCID: PMC5850267 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.117.008263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Umair Khalid
- Section of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Anita Deswal
- Section of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
- Section of Cardiology, Michael E. DeBakey Veteran's Affairs Medical Center, Houston, TX
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Locke C, Sheehy AM. The Authors Reply: "Changes to inpatient versus outpatient hospitalization: Medicare's 2-midnight rule". J Hosp Med 2015; 10:561. [PMID: 26097201 DOI: 10.1002/jhm.2372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Charles Locke
- Utilization/Clinical Resource Management, Johns Hopkins Hospital and Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Ann M Sheehy
- University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Department of Medicine, Division of Hospital Medicine, Madison, Wisconsin
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Antonios S. In reference to "Changes to inpatient versus outpatient hospitalization: Medicare's 2-Midnight rule". J Hosp Med 2015; 10:560. [PMID: 26097210 DOI: 10.1002/jhm.2374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2014] [Revised: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sam Antonios
- Department of Hospital Medicine, Via Christi Hospitals, Wichita, Kansas
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