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De Luca C, Buratti A, Krauke Y, Stephan S, Monks K, Brighenti V, Pellati F, Cavazzini A, Catani M, Felletti S. Investigating the effect of polarity of stationary and mobile phases on retention of cannabinoids in normal phase liquid chromatography. Anal Bioanal Chem 2022; 414:5385-5395. [PMID: 35146546 PMCID: PMC9242945 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-021-03862-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This work reports about a screening of four adsorbents with different polarity employed for the separation of the main phytocannabinoids contained in Cannabis sativa L., under normal phase liquid chromatography (NPLC). The effect of polarity and type of interaction mechanisms of the adsorbents (namely Si-, CN-, Diol-, and NH2-based SPs) on retention has been investigated under a variety of conditions either by using different combinations of apolar solvents (heptane or hexane) and alcohols (ethanol or isopropanol). The columns have also been employed for the separation of a real cannabis sample. Investigating the effect of polarity of stationary and mobile phases on retention of cannabinoids in normal phase liquid chromatography ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara De Luca
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, via L. Borsari 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Alessandro Buratti
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, via L. Borsari 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Yannick Krauke
- KNAUER Wissenschaftliche Geräte GmbH, Hegauer Weg 38, 14163, Berlin, Germany
| | - Svea Stephan
- KNAUER Wissenschaftliche Geräte GmbH, Hegauer Weg 38, 14163, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kate Monks
- KNAUER Wissenschaftliche Geräte GmbH, Hegauer Weg 38, 14163, Berlin, Germany
| | - Virginia Brighenti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via G. Campi 103, Modena, 41125, Italy
| | - Federica Pellati
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via G. Campi 103, Modena, 41125, Italy
| | - Alberto Cavazzini
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, via L. Borsari 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Martina Catani
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, via L. Borsari 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Simona Felletti
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences, University of Ferrara, via L. Borsari 46, 44121, Ferrara, Italy. .,KNAUER Wissenschaftliche Geräte GmbH, Hegauer Weg 38, 14163, Berlin, Germany.
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Kijkowska‐Murak U, Matosiuk D, Hawrył A, Waksmundzka‐Hajnos M, Kuran B, Kossakowski J. Use of RP‐HPTLC Systems for the Determination of Lipophilicity of 3,5‐Dioxo‐4‐azatricyclo[5.2.2.02,6]undecanes–5‐HT1A Antagonists. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/10826070600758423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Urszula Kijkowska‐Murak
- a Department of Synthesis and Chemical Technology of Pharmaceutical Substances , Medical University , Lublin, Poland
| | - Dariusz Matosiuk
- a Department of Synthesis and Chemical Technology of Pharmaceutical Substances , Medical University , Lublin, Poland
| | - Anna Hawrył
- b Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy , Medical University , Lublin, Poland
| | | | - Bożena Kuran
- c Department of Medicinal Chemistry, First Faculty of Medicine , Medical University , Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jerzy Kossakowski
- c Department of Medicinal Chemistry, First Faculty of Medicine , Medical University , Warsaw, Poland
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Zapala
- a Department of Chemical Engineering and Process Control, Chemical Faculty , Rzeszów University of Technology , Al. Powstanców Warszawy 6, 35‐959 , Rzeszów , Poland
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Jaroniec M, Jaroniec JA, Rożyło JK. Determination of Solvation Effects in Liquid Adsorption Chromatography with Mixed Mobile Phases. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/01483918408074044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Jaroniec
- a Institute of Chemistry , M. Curie-Skłdowska University , 20-031 , Lublin , Poland
| | - J. A. Jaroniec
- a Institute of Chemistry , M. Curie-Skłdowska University , 20-031 , Lublin , Poland
| | - J. K. Rożyło
- a Institute of Chemistry , M. Curie-Skłdowska University , 20-031 , Lublin , Poland
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Jaroniec M, Jaroniec JA. Theoretical Foundations of Liquid Adsorption Chromatography with Mixed Eluent. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/01483918408073944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Jaroniec M, Jaroniec JA. A Model of Liquid Adsorption Chromatography Involving Solute-Solvent Interaction in the Mobile Phase, Energetic Heterogeneity of the Adsorbent, and Differences in Molecular Sizes of Solute and Solvents. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/01483918108066849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Li J, Robison T. Application of linear solvation energy relationships to guide selection of polar modifiers in normal-phase liquid chromatographic separations. Anal Chim Acta 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2670(99)00268-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Lanin S, Ledenkova M, Nikitin Y. Influence of the concentration of adsorbate and modifier in the mobile phase on retention in high-performance liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(97)01206-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Retention of benzene derivatives on the aminopropyl stationary phase in high-performance liquid chromatography. Russ Chem Bull 1997. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02496125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Sadlej-Sosnowska N, Śledzińska I. Validation of chromatographic retention models in reversed-phase high-performacne liquid chromatography by fitting experimental data to the relevant equations. J Chromatogr A 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/0021-9673(92)85146-k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Molecular interactions in adsorption liquid chromatography with mixed mobile phase. Chromatographia 1988. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02324704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Jaroniec M. Simple Models in Liquid Chromatography with Mixed Mobile Phases: Present and Future. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1987. [DOI: 10.1080/01483918708066807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Jaroniec M, Martire DE. Description of Non-Specific and Specific Solute-Solvent Interactions in Liquid Chromatography with Mixed Eluents. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1987. [DOI: 10.1080/01483918708069008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Jaroniec M, Martire D. Models of solute and solvent distribution for describing retention in liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 1987. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(01)94513-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Effect of the eluent composition in HPLC on the retention of bi- and trifunctional aromatic solutes. Chromatographia 1986. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02257292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Jaroniec M, Martire D. A general model of liquid—solid chroamtography with mixed mobile phases involving concurrent adsorption and partition effects. J Chromatogr A 1986. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(01)83467-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Ruckmick S, Hurtubise R. Solvent composition effects in the normal-phase liquid chromatography of nitrogen heterocycles and hydroxyl aromatics on a nitrophenyl stationary phase. J Chromatogr A 1986. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(01)86892-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Ruckmick S, Hurtubise R. Solvent composition effects on polar solutes with a silica—dimethyl sulfoxide—carbon tetrachloride chromatographic system. J Chromatogr A 1986. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(00)91684-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Cooper HA, Hurtubise RJ. Prediction of retention of hydroxyl aromatics in normal-phase liquid chromatography with slope-intercept relationships. J Chromatogr A 1986. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(00)91683-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Jaroniec M, Martire D, Borówko M. Theoretical basis of liquid adsorption chromatography with mixed mobile phases and its connection with the theory of adsorption from multicomponent solutions. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 1985. [DOI: 10.1016/0001-8686(85)80005-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Deryło-Marczewska A, Jaroniec M, Ościk J, Marczewski A. Studies of association effects in adsorption from multicomponent solutions on solids. Chem Eng Sci 1985. [DOI: 10.1016/0009-2509(85)85005-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Theoretical description of association effects in liquid adsorption chromatography with a mixed mobile phase. J Chromatogr A 1984. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(01)87639-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Current state in adsorption from multicomponent solutions of nonelectrolytes on solids. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 1983. [DOI: 10.1016/0001-8686(83)80006-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Hussain A, Hurtubise RJ, Silver HF. Solvent composition effects with a cyano and a silica gel stationary phase in normal-phase liquid chromatography of alkylphenols and naphthols. J Chromatogr A 1982. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(01)88395-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Palamareva M, Kurtev B, Mladenova M, Blagoev B. Chromatographic behaviour of diastereoisomers. J Chromatogr A 1982. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(00)85895-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Bor�wko M, Goworek J, Jaroniec M. A model of adsorption at liquid-solid interface involving association in the bulk phase. MONATSHEFTE FUR CHEMIE 1982. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00809005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Snyder L, Glajch J. Solvent strength of multicomponent mobile phases in liquid—solid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 1981. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(00)80896-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Simple model of liquid-solid chromatography involving solute-solvent and solvent-solvent interactions. J Chromatogr A 1981. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(00)91188-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Jaroniec M, Jaroniec JA, Gołkiewicz W. Determination of solute-solvent association effects in liquid-solid chromatography with mixed mobile phases. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1981. [DOI: 10.1002/jhrc.1240040211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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