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Betzenbichler G, Huber L, Kräh S, Morkos MLK, Siegle AF, Trapp O. Chiral stationary phases and applications in gas chromatography. Chirality 2022; 34:732-759. [PMID: 35315953 DOI: 10.1002/chir.23427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Revised: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Chiral compounds are ubiquitous in nature and play a pivotal role in biochemical processes, in chiroptical materials and applications, and as chiral drugs. The analysis and determination of the enantiomeric ratio (er) of chiral compounds is of enormous scientific, industrial, and economic importance. Chiral separation techniques and methods have become indispensable tools to separate chiral compounds into their enantiomers on an analytical as well on a preparative level to obtain enantiopure compounds. Chiral gas chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography have paved the way and fostered several research areas, that is, asymmetric synthesis and catalysis in organic, medicinal, pharmaceutical, and supramolecular chemistry. The development of highly enantioselective chiral stationary phases was essential. In particular, the elucidation and understanding of the underlying enantioselective supramolecular separation mechanisms led to the design of new chiral stationary phases. This review article focuses on the development of chiral stationary phases for gas chromatography. The fundamental mechanisms of the recognition and separation of enantiomers and the selectors and chiral stationary phases used in chiral gas chromatography are presented. An overview over syntheses and applications of these chiral stationary phases is presented as a practical guidance for enantioselective separation of chiral compound classes and substances by gas chromatography.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura Huber
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Sabrina Kräh
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Alexander F Siegle
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Oliver Trapp
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
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Ribeiro C, Gonçalves R, Tiritan M. Separation of Enantiomers Using Gas Chromatography: Application in Forensic Toxicology, Food and Environmental Analysis. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2020; 51:787-811. [DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2020.1777522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Cláudia Ribeiro
- CESPU, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde, Gandra, PRD, Portugal
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR/CIMAR), Universidade do Porto, Edifício do Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Gonçalves
- CESPU, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde, Gandra, PRD, Portugal
| | - M.E. Tiritan
- CESPU, Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde, Gandra, PRD, Portugal
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR/CIMAR), Universidade do Porto, Edifício do Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Matosinhos, Portugal
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, Porto, Portugal
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Menestrina F, Ronco NR, Castells CB. Enantioselective gas chromatography with functionalized cyclodextrins as chiral selectors. Fundamentals of the measurement of absolute association constants using capillary columns. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1467:482-489. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.06.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2016] [Revised: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Investigation of a Quantitative Method for the Analysis of Chiral Monoterpenes in White Wine by HS-SPME-MDGC-MS of Different Wine Matrices. Molecules 2015; 20:7359-78. [PMID: 25911965 PMCID: PMC6272460 DOI: 10.3390/molecules20047359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Revised: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A valid quantitative method for the analysis of chiral monoterpenes in white wine using head-space solid phase micro-extraction-MDGC-MS (HS-SPME-MDGC-MS) with stable isotope dilution analysis was established. Fifteen compounds: (S)-(−)-limonene, (R)-(+)-limonene, (+)-(2R,4S)-cis-rose oxide, (−)-(2S,4R)-cis-rose oxide, (−)-(2R,4R)-trans-rose oxide, (+)-(2S,4S)-cis-rose oxide, furanoid (+)-trans-linalool oxide, furanoid (−)-cis-linalool oxide, furanoid (−)-trans-linalool oxide, furanoid (+)-cis-linalool oxide, (−)-linalool, (+)-linalool, (−)-α-terpineol, (+)-α-terpineol and (R)-(+)-β-citronellol were quantified. Two calibration curves were plotted for different wine bases, with varying residual sugar content, and three calibration curves for each wine base were investigated during a single fiber’s lifetime. This was needed as both sugar content and fiber life impacted the quantification of the chiral terpenes. The chiral monoterpene content of six Pinot Gris wines and six Riesling wines was then analyzed using the verified method. ANOVA with Tukey multiple comparisons showed significant differences for each of the detected chiral compounds in all 12 wines. PCA score plots showed a clear separation between the Riesling and Pinot Gris wines. Riesling wines had greater number of chiral terpenes in comparison to Pinot Gris wines. Beyond total terpene content it is possible that the differences in chiral terpene content may be driving the aromatic differences in white wines.
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Liu H, Xie SM, Ai P, Zhang JH, Zhang M, Yuan LM. Metal-Organic Framework Co(D-Cam)1/2(bdc)1/2(tmdpy) for Improved Enantioseparations on a Chiral Cyclodextrin Stationary Phase in Gas Chromatography. Chempluschem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/cplu.201402067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Lebed PJ, Keunchkarian S, Osorio Grisales J, Castells CB. Measurements of association constants between enantiomers and chiral selectors by capillary gas chromatography. Theoretical and practical considerations. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1324:198-206. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2013.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2013] [Revised: 11/04/2013] [Accepted: 11/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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7
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Sex pheromone of female african white rice stem borer,Maliarpha separatella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) from Sierra Leone: Identification and field testing. J Chem Ecol 2013; 17:1205-19. [PMID: 24259178 DOI: 10.1007/bf01402944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/1990] [Accepted: 02/14/1991] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Analysis of ovipositor washings of femaleMaliarpha separatella from Sierra Leone by high-resolution gas chromatography (GC) linked to a male electroantennograph (EAG) indicated the presence of three electrophysiologically active compounds. The GC retention times of these compounds were consistent with those of (Z)-9-tetradecen-1-ol, (Z,E)-9,12-tetradecadien-1-ol, and (E,E)-10,12-tetradecadien-1-ol. Analysis by El and CI mass spectrometry of ovipositor washings confirmed these identifications and also indicated the presence of the saturated analog, tetradecan-1-ol. There was no evidence, from these analyses, of the corresponding aldehydes or acetates. The EAG-active compounds were present in the ovipositor washings in a ratio of approximately 2∶3.5∶1, with the major component constituting approximately 0.4 ng per ovipositor. GC-MS analysis of entrained female effluvia confirmed that the EAG-active compounds were released by virgin females. Field testing of the EAG-active compounds indicated that (Z,E)-9,12-tetradecadien-1-ol and (E,E)10,12-tetradecadien-1-ol were attractive to male moths in ratios of between 9:1 and 39:1, while (Z)-9-tetradecen-1-ol was found to reduce trap catch when added to blends of the other two compounds.
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Gas chromatographic enantioseparation of derivatized α-amino acids on chiral stationary phases—Past and present. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2011; 879:3122-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2011.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2011] [Revised: 03/28/2011] [Accepted: 04/01/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Brenna E, Fuganti C, Gatti FG, Serra S. Biocatalytic Methods for the Synthesis of Enantioenriched Odor Active Compounds. Chem Rev 2011; 111:4036-72. [DOI: 10.1021/cr100289r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Brenna
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali, Ingegneria Chimica, Via Mancinelli 7, I-20131 Milano, Italy
| | - Claudio Fuganti
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali, Ingegneria Chimica, Via Mancinelli 7, I-20131 Milano, Italy
| | - Francesco G. Gatti
- Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali, Ingegneria Chimica, Via Mancinelli 7, I-20131 Milano, Italy
| | - Stefano Serra
- Istituto di Chimica del Riconoscimento Molecolare—CNR, Via Mancinelli 7, I-20131 Milano, Italy
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Bicchi C, Cagliero C, Rubiolo P. New trends in the analysis of the volatile fraction of matrices of vegetable origin: a short overview. A review. FLAVOUR FRAG J 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ffj.2059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Bicchi
- Laboratory of Phytochemical Analysis; Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco - University of Torino; Via Pietro Giuria 15; I-10126; Torino; Italy
| | - Cecilia Cagliero
- Laboratory of Phytochemical Analysis; Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco - University of Torino; Via Pietro Giuria 15; I-10126; Torino; Italy
| | - Patrizia Rubiolo
- Laboratory of Phytochemical Analysis; Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco - University of Torino; Via Pietro Giuria 15; I-10126; Torino; Italy
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Rubiolo P, Sgorbini B, Liberto E, Cordero C, Bicchi C. Essential oils and volatiles: sample preparation and analysis. A review. FLAVOUR FRAG J 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ffj.1984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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12
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Use of derivatized cyclodextrins as chiral selectors for the separation of enantiomers by gas chromatography. ANNALES PHARMACEUTIQUES FRANÇAISES 2010; 68:82-98. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharma.2009.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2009] [Revised: 11/24/2009] [Accepted: 11/26/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Bicchi C, Cagliero C, Liberto E, Sgorbini B, Martina K, Cravotto G, Rubiolo P. New asymmetrical per-substituted cyclodextrins (2-O-methyl-3-O-ethyl- and 2-O-ethyl-3-O-methyl-6-O-t-butyldimethylsilyl-β-derivatives) as chiral selectors for enantioselective gas chromatography in the flavour and fragrance field. J Chromatogr A 2010; 1217:1106-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.09.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2009] [Revised: 09/22/2009] [Accepted: 09/30/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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14
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Permethylated β-cyclodextrin in liquid poly(oxyethylene) as a stationary phase for capillary gas chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2009; 1216:6844-51. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2009] [Revised: 07/31/2009] [Accepted: 08/06/2009] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Cousin H, Peulon-Agasse V, Combret JC, Cardinael P. Mono-2, 3 or 6-Hydroxy Methylated β-Cyclodextrin (Eicosa-O-methyl-β-cyclodextrin) Isomers as Chiral Stationary Phases for Capillary GC. Chromatographia 2009. [DOI: 10.1365/s10337-009-0955-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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16
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Bicchi C, Liberto E, Cagliero C, Cordero C, Sgorbini B, Rubiolo P. Conventional and narrow bore short capillary columns with cyclodextrin derivatives as chiral selectors to speed-up enantioselective gas chromatography and enantioselective gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analyses. J Chromatogr A 2008; 1212:114-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2008] [Revised: 09/30/2008] [Accepted: 10/03/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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17
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Liberto E, Cagliero C, Sgorbini B, Bicchi C, Sciarrone D, Zellner BD, Mondello L, Rubiolo P. Enantiomer identification in the flavour and fragrance fields by “interactive” combination of linear retention indices from enantioselective gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2008; 1195:117-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.04.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2008] [Revised: 04/16/2008] [Accepted: 04/18/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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18
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Chaise T, Cardinael P, Tisse S, Combret JC, Bouillon JP. Indirect and direct approaches in the synthesis of a new mono-6-O-benzyl methylated γ-cyclodextrin as chiral selector for enantioselective gas chromatography. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2008.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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19
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Herrmann R, Kirmse W. Deamination Reactions, 58. Stereoselectivity of 2-Methyl-2-norpinyl Cations. European J Org Chem 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/jlac.199619960403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Ito YN, Ariza X, Beck AK, Boháč A, Ganter C, Gawley RE, Kühnle FNM, Tuleja J, Wang YM, Seebach D. Preparation and Structural Analysis of Several New α,α,α′,α′-Tetraaryl-1,3-dioxolane-4,5-dimethanols (TADDOL's) and TADDOL analogs, their evaluation as titanium ligands in the enantioselective addition of methyltitanium and diethylzinc reagents to benzald. Helv Chim Acta 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.19940770802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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21
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Chaise T, Bourgeaux E, Cardinael P, Combret J. Direct and convenient access to mono 3-hydroxy per-O-methylated α-cyclodextrin. Tetrahedron Lett 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2004.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Jauch J, Schmalzing D, Schurig V, Emberger R, Hopp R, Köpsel M, Silberzahn W, Werkhoff P. Isolation, Synthesis, and Absolute Configuration of Filbertone - the Principal Flavor Component of the Hazelnut. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.198910221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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23
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Bicchi C, Brunelli C, Cravotto G, Rubiolo P, Galli M, Mendicuti F. Cyclodextrin derivatives in GC separation of racemates with different volatilities. Part XIX: Thermodynamic aspects of enantioselective GC separation of some volatiles with γ-cyclodextrins 2,3-substituted with methyl and acetyl groups. J Sep Sci 2003. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200301387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Bicchi C, Brunelli C, Cravotto G, Rubiolo P, Galli M. Cyclodextrin derivatives in GC separation of racemates of different volatility Part XVIII: 2-methyl-3-acetyl- and 2-acetyl-3-methyl-6-O-t-hexyldimethylsilyl-γ-cyclodextrin derivatives. J Sep Sci 2002. [DOI: 10.1002/1615-9314(20020201)25:3<125::aid-jssc125>3.0.co;2-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Abstract
The four stereoisomers of chalcogran 1 ((2RS,SRS)-2-ethyl-1,6-di-oxaspiro[4.4]nonane), the principal component of the aggregation pheromone of the bark beetle pityogenes chalcographus, are prone to interconversion at the spiro center (C5). During diastereo- and enantioselective dynamic gas chromatography (DGC), epimerization of 1 gives rise to two independent interconversion peak profiles, each featuring a plateau between the peaks of the interconverting epimers. To determine the rate constants of epimerization by dynamic gas chromatography (DGC), equations to simulate the complex elution profiles were derived, using the theoretical plate model and the stochastic model of the chromatographic process. The Eyring activation parameters of the experimental interconversion profiles, between 70 and 120 C in the presence of the chiral stationary phase (CSP) Chirasil-beta-Dex, were then determined by computer-aided simulation with the aid of the new program Chrom-Win: (2R,5R)-1: deltaG(++) (298.15 K) = 108.0 +/-0.5 kJ mol(-1), deltaH(++) = 47.1+/-0.2 kJ mol(-1), deltaS(++) = -204+/-6 JK(-1) mol(-1): (2R,5S)-1: deltaG(++) (298.15 K) = 108.5+/-0.5 kJ mol(-1), deltaH(++) = 45.8+/-0.2 kJ mol(-1), deltaS(++) = -210 +/-6 J K mol(-1); (2S,5S)-1: deltaG(++) (298.15 K)= 108.1+/-0.5 kJ mol(-1), deltaH(++) = 49.3+/-0.3 kJ mol(-1), deltaS(++) = -197+/-8 J K(-1) mol(-1); (2S,5R)-1: deltaG(++) (298.15 K)=108.6+/-0.5 kJ mol(-1), deltaH(++) = 48.0+/-0.3 kJ mol(-1), deltaS(++) = -203+/-8 J K(-1) mol(-1). The thermodynamic Gibbs free energy of the E/Z equilibrium of the epimers was determined by the stopped-flow multidimensional gas chromatographic technique: deltaG(E/Z) (298.15 K)= -0.5 kJ mol(-1), deltaH(E/Z) = 1.4 kJ mol(-1) and deltaS(E/Z) = 6.3 J K(-1) mol(-1). An interconversion pathway proceeding through ring-opening and formation of a zwitterion and an enol ether/alcohol intermediate of 1 is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Trapp
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Universität Tübingen, Germany
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Cserháti T, Forgács E. RETENTION CHARACTERISTICS OF A (2,3,6-TRI-O-METHYL)-BETA-CYCLODEXTRIN COATED CAPILLARY COLUMN. ANAL LETT 2001. [DOI: 10.1081/al-100002712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Jaus A, Oehme M. Consequences of variable purity of heptakis(2,3,6-tri-O-methyl)-beta-cyclodextrin determined by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry on the enantioselective separation of polychlorinated compounds. J Chromatogr A 2001; 905:59-67. [PMID: 11206808 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(00)00975-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The composition of 10 batches of heptakis(2,3,6-tri-O-methyl)-beta-cyclodextrin (PM-CD) from different suppliers was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography combined with atmospheric pressure chemical ionisation mass spectrometry (MS). Considerable differences were found. Some batches consisted of more than 95% pure PM-CD, whereas others were not completely derivatised or contained a significant amount of by-products. Some suggestions about the structures of these impurities are given though neither nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy nor MS-MS investigations could completely reveal their nature. Capillaries for high-resolution gas chromatography were coated with the batches of most differing composition. They demonstrated widely varying column performance and separation properties for selected chiral polychlorinated substances such as chlordane compounds, o,p'-DDT, o,p'-DDD, alpha-hexachlorocyclohexane and atropisomeric polychlorinated biphenyls. The best enantioselectivity was obtained with the purest PM-CD. Compared to separations reported in the literature, a broader enantioselectivity was observed and also trans-heptachlor epoxide and oxychlordane could be resolved into enantiomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Jaus
- Organic Analytical Chemistry, University of Basel, Switzerland.
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Ruppe S, Vetter W, Luckas B, Hottinger G. Application of well-defined ?-cyclodextrins for the enantioseparation of compounds of technical toxaphene and further organochlorines. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1002/1520-667x(2000)12:10<541::aid-mcs3>3.0.co;2-q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Bicchi C, Cravotto G, D'amato A, Rubiolo P, Galli A, Galli M. Cyclodextrin derivatives in gas chromatographic separation of racemates with different volatility. Part XV: 6-O-t-butyldimethylsilyl- versus 6-O-t-hexyldimethylsilyl-? and -? derivatives. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1520-667x(1999)11:7<487::aid-mcs1>3.0.co;2-b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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30
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Enantioselective Separations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0301-4770(08)60303-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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Cardinaéul P, Ndziéa E, Petit S, Coquerel G, Combret Y, Combret JC. Enantiomeric separation of 5-alkyl-5methylhydantion derivatives by capillary gas chromatography on permethylated β-cyclodextrin and molecular modeling. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1002/jhrc.1240201008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Vetter W, Schurig V. Enantioselective determination of chiral organochlorine compounds in biota by gas chromatography on modified cyclodextrins. J Chromatogr A 1997; 774:143-75. [PMID: 9253189 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(97)00296-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Approaches to the gas chromatographic enantiomer separation of chiral organchlorines (alpha-hexachlorocyclohexane, cis- and trans-chlordane, heptachlor, heptachlorepoxide, oxychlordane, o,p'-DDT, compounds of technical toxaphene and stable atropisomeric polychlorinated biphenyls) are reviewed. Chiral stationary phases based on cyclodextrin derivatives and used for the gas chromatographic enantiomer separation of the chiral organochlorines are described. Enantiomeric ratios of chiral organochlorines in technical mixtures and biological samples are reported and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Vetter
- Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Institut für Ernährung und Umwelt, Germany
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Zhang HB, Ling Y, Fu RN, Wen YX, Gu JL. A new gas chromatographic stationary phase: Polysiloxane with β-cyclodextrin side chain for the separation of chiral and positional isomers. Chromatographia 1997. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02490928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Jing P, Fu RN, Dai RJ, Gu JL. Investigation into the separation of achiral and chiral molecules on fused-silica capillary columns coated with three peralkylated cyclodextrins. Chromatographia 1996. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02292979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Consequence of diluting modified β-cyclodextrins in a side-chain crown ether polysiloxane and in a side-chain liquid-crystalline polysiloxane-containing crown ether as stationary phases in capillary gas chromatography. Chromatographia 1996. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02293008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Bicchi C, D'Amato A, Manzin V, Galli A, Galli M. Cyclodextrin derivatives in the gas chromatographic separation of racemic mixtures of volatile compounds X. 2,3-Di-O-ethyl-6-O-tert.-butyldimethylsilyl-β- and −γ-cyclodextrins. J Chromatogr A 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/0021-9673(96)00254-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Mosandl A. Enantioselective capillary gas chromatography and stable isotope ratio mass spectrometry in the authenticity control of flavors and essential oils. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 1995. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129509541063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Glycerol as a new dissolution medium for α-, β- and γ-cyclodextrins for preparing stereoselective stationary phases for gas-liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0021-9673(95)00599-i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Fendel W, Kautz CB, Kirmse W, Klar M, Siegfried R, Wonner A. Norpinyl-norbornyl rearrangements: Destabilized 2-norpinyl cations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1995. [DOI: 10.1002/jlac.1995199510244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Bicchi C, D'Amato A, Manzin V, Galli A, Galli M. Cyclodextrin derivatives in GC separation of racemic mixtures of volatiles. Part IX. The influence of the different polysiloxanes as diluting phase for 2,3-di-O-acetyl-6-O-t-butyldimethylsilyl-β-cyclodextrin on the separation of some racemates. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1995. [DOI: 10.1002/mcs.1220070405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Payer K, Forgács E, Cserhàti T. Effect of column temperature and nitrogen flow rate on the separation of cis-permethrinic acid isomers on a (2,3,6-tri-O-methyl)-beta-cyclodextrin coated capillary column. Biomed Chromatogr 1995; 9:135-9. [PMID: 7655301 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.1130090305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The separation efficiency of a capillary column coated with (2,3,6-tri-O-methyl)-beta-cyclodextrin was determined at the temperature and flow rate ranges of 80-120 degrees C and 0.3-1.5 mL/min respectively using (+) and (-) cis-permethrinic acid methylesters as test compounds. The dependence of the retention differences, sum of peak widths and separation factor on the temperature and flow rate was calculated with step regression analysis. The column exhibited acceptable isomer separation capacity at each temperature and flow rate proving the excellent separation power of the cyclodextrin coating. The differences between the retention times of isomers depended on the logarithm and on the reciprocal value of temperature, the effect of flow rate was negligible. The sum of their peak widths depended reciprocally on the temperature and logarithmically on the flow rate, the impact of temperature being higher than that of flow rate. The significant impact of the reciprocal value of temperature can be explained by the inclusion complex formation between cyclodextrin and cis-permethrinic acid methylester isomers. The resolution depended on the square of column temperature and flow rate, indicating local optimums at each temperature and flow rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Payer
- Central Research Institute for Chemistry, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest
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Casabianca H, Graff JB, Jame P, Perrucchietti C, Chastrette M. Application of hyphenated techniques to the chromatographic authentication of flavors in food products and perfumes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1995. [DOI: 10.1002/jhrc.1240180503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Enantiomer separation of α-campholene and fecholene derivatives by capillary gas chromatography on permethylated cyclodextrin phases I. Compounds separable with single columns. J Chromatogr A 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0021-9673(94)01072-m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Wan H, Zhou X, Ou Q. Gas chromatographic separation of amino acid enantiomers and their recognition mechanism on a 2,6-di-O-butyl-3-O-trifluoroacetylated-γ-cyclodextrin capillary column. J Chromatogr A 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/0021-9673(94)87063-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Ravid U, Putievsky E, Katzir I. Chiral GC analysis of (1R)(+)-pulegone with high enantiomeric purity in essential oils of some lamiaceae aromatic plants. FLAVOUR FRAG J 1994. [DOI: 10.1002/ffj.2730090410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Enantiomeric separation of amphetamine and methamphetamine by capillary gas chromatography. Chromatographia 1994. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02277160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Koppenhoefer B, Graf R, Holzschuh H, Nothdurft A, Trettin U, Piras P, Roussel C. CHIRBASE, a molecular database for the separation of enantiomers by chromatography. J Chromatogr A 1994; 666:557-63. [PMID: 8205237 DOI: 10.1016/0021-9673(94)80418-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
A selected review on the separation of the stereoisomers of menthol by gas chromatography serves to demonstrate a new approach to tackle the increasing number of publications on enantiomer separation. The graphical molecular database CHIRBASE covers information (structural, bibliographic and chromatographic data) on liquid chromatography, supercritical fluid chromatography and gas chromatography. CHIRBASE is based on standard database software, thus meeting the requirements of "state of the art" information management in the chemical and pharmaceutical industries and academia. The scrutiny required to create and maintain a factual database revealed that the information content of the contemporary literature with respect to chromatographic data requires improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Koppenhoefer
- Institut für Organische Chemie der Universität, Tübingen, Germany
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