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Zhu J, Chen S, Zhu B, Ma C, Qiu H, Chen L, Tong S. Enantiomeric analysis of γ(δ)-lactones by reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography using amylose tris(5-chloro-2-methylphenylcarbamate) as stationary phase. J Chromatogr A 2024; 1720:464779. [PMID: 38447432 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2024.464779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
A Chiralpak AY-3R column was investigated for analytical enantiomeric separation of twelve racemic γ(δ)-lactones using reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography. Main influence factors, including organic modifier, flow rate and column temperature, were optimized. Five kinds of γ(δ)-lactones were successfully enantioseparated using the established method: γ-nonanolactone, δ-decalactone, δ-undecalactone, δ-dodecalactone and δ-tetradecalactone. Under optimized conditions, enantiomeric peak resolution (Rs) for the five γ(δ)-lactones reached more than 1.09, 1.08, 1.54, 1.43, and 1.11, respectively. Their chromatographic elution behavior was investigated using Van't Hoff equation and Van Deemter equation. It was found that an exothermic process occurred during enantiomeric separation of γ(δ)-lactones using this chromatographic column, and it showed a typical Van Deemter curve. Finally, this method was applied in enantiomeric ratio analysis of γ(δ)-lactones contents for purchased butter samples, and results confirmed the predominant content of the (R)-configuration of δ-dodecalactone in natural animal butter, while in margarine, an equal proportion of (R/S)-configuration of δ-dodecalactone was detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junchao Zhu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Huzhou 310032, China
| | - Songlin Chen
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Huzhou 310032, China
| | - Beibei Zhu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Huzhou 310032, China
| | - Chenlei Ma
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Huzhou 310032, China
| | - Huiyun Qiu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Huzhou 310032, China
| | - Lang Chen
- Snowco (Hangzhou) Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Shengqiang Tong
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Huzhou 310032, China.
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Repassy L, Juvancz Z, Bodane-Kendrovics R, Kaleta Z, Hunyadi C, Riszter G. Structure-Chiral Selectivity Relationships of Various Mandelic Acid Derivatives on Octakis 2,3-di-O-acetyl-6-O-tert-butyldimethylsilyl-gamma-cyclodextrin Containing Gas Chromatographic Stationary. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15051. [PMID: 37894730 PMCID: PMC10606619 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Frequently, a good chiral separation is the result of long trial and error processes. The three-point interaction mechanisms require the fair geometrical fitting and functional group compatibility of the interacting groups. Structure-chiral selectivity correlations are guidelines that can be established via trough systematic studies using model compounds. The enantiorecognition of the test compounds was studied on an octakis 2,3-Di-O-acetyl-6-O-tert-butyldimethylsilyl-gamma-cyclodextrin (TBDMSDAGCD) chiral selector. In our work, mandelic acid and its variously substituted compounds were used as model compounds to establish adaptable rules for other enantiomeric pairs. The mandelic acid and its modified compounds were altered at both their carboxyl and hydroxyl positions to test the key interaction forces of the chiral recognition processes. Ring- and alkyl-substituted mandelic acid derivatives were also used in our experiments. The chiral selectivity values of 20 test compounds were measured and extrapolated to 100 °C. The hydrogen donor abilities of test compounds improved their chiral selectivities. The inclusion phenomenon also played a role in chiral recognition processes in several cases. Enantiomer elution reversals were observed for different derivatives of hydroxyl groups, providing evidence for the multimodal character of the selector. The results of our research can serve as guidelines to achieve appropriate chiral separation for other enantiomeric pairs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Levente Repassy
- Rejtő Sándor Faculty of Light Industry and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Environmental Engineering and Natural Science, Óbuda University, Doberdó út 6, H-1034 Budapest, Hungary; (L.R.); (R.B.-K.)
| | - Zoltan Juvancz
- Rejtő Sándor Faculty of Light Industry and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Environmental Engineering and Natural Science, Óbuda University, Doberdó út 6, H-1034 Budapest, Hungary; (L.R.); (R.B.-K.)
| | - Rita Bodane-Kendrovics
- Rejtő Sándor Faculty of Light Industry and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Environmental Engineering and Natural Science, Óbuda University, Doberdó út 6, H-1034 Budapest, Hungary; (L.R.); (R.B.-K.)
| | - Zoltan Kaleta
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Semmelweis University, Hőgyes Endre Street 7, H-1092 Budapest, Hungary;
- Pro-Research Laboratory, Progressio Engineering Bureau Ltd., Muhar Street 54, H-1028 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Csaba Hunyadi
- Pro-Research Laboratory, Progressio Engineering Bureau Ltd., Muhar Street 54, H-1028 Budapest, Hungary;
- Higher Education and Industrial Cooperation Centre, Institute of Chemistry, University of Miskolc, Egyetem út 1, H-3515 Miskolc, Hungary
| | - Gergo Riszter
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Semmelweis University, Hőgyes Endre Street 7, H-1092 Budapest, Hungary;
- Pro-Research Laboratory, Progressio Engineering Bureau Ltd., Muhar Street 54, H-1028 Budapest, Hungary;
- Artificial Transporters Research Group, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Magyar Tudósok körútja 2, H-1117 Budapest, Hungary
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Betzenbichler G, Huber L, Kräh S, Morkos MLK, Siegle AF, Trapp O. Chiral stationary phases and applications in gas chromatography. Chirality 2022; 34:732-759. [PMID: 35315953 DOI: 10.1002/chir.23427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Revised: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Chiral compounds are ubiquitous in nature and play a pivotal role in biochemical processes, in chiroptical materials and applications, and as chiral drugs. The analysis and determination of the enantiomeric ratio (er) of chiral compounds is of enormous scientific, industrial, and economic importance. Chiral separation techniques and methods have become indispensable tools to separate chiral compounds into their enantiomers on an analytical as well on a preparative level to obtain enantiopure compounds. Chiral gas chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography have paved the way and fostered several research areas, that is, asymmetric synthesis and catalysis in organic, medicinal, pharmaceutical, and supramolecular chemistry. The development of highly enantioselective chiral stationary phases was essential. In particular, the elucidation and understanding of the underlying enantioselective supramolecular separation mechanisms led to the design of new chiral stationary phases. This review article focuses on the development of chiral stationary phases for gas chromatography. The fundamental mechanisms of the recognition and separation of enantiomers and the selectors and chiral stationary phases used in chiral gas chromatography are presented. An overview over syntheses and applications of these chiral stationary phases is presented as a practical guidance for enantioselective separation of chiral compound classes and substances by gas chromatography.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura Huber
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Sabrina Kräh
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Alexander F Siegle
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Oliver Trapp
- Department of Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
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Akasaka K, Tamogami S, Beeman RW, Mori K. Pheromone synthesis. Part 245: Synthesis and chromatographic analysis of the four stereoisomers of 4,8-dimethyldecanal, the male aggregation pheromone of the red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum. Tetrahedron 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2010.10.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Mohanty A, Dey J. Enantioselectivity of vesicle-forming chiral surfactants in capillary electrophoresis. J Chromatogr A 2006; 1128:259-66. [PMID: 16814304 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2006.06.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2006] [Revised: 06/11/2006] [Accepted: 06/12/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Two vesicle-forming single-tailed amino acid derivatized surfactants sodium N-[4-n-dodecyloxybenzoyl]-L-leucinate (SDLL) and sodium N-[4-n-dodecyloxybenzoyl]-L-isoleucinate (SDLIL) have been synthesized and used as pseudo-stationary phase in micellar electrokinetic chromatography to evaluate the role of steric factor of amino acid headgroup and hydrophobic/hydrophilic interactions for enantiomeric separations. The aggregation behavior of the surfactants has been studied in aqueous buffered solution using surface tension and fluorescence probe techniques. Results of these studies have suggested formation of vesicles in aqueous solutions. Microenvironment of the vesicle, which determines the depth of penetration of the analytes into vesicle was determined by fluorescence probe technique using pyrene, N-phenyl-1-naphthylamine (NPN), and 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene (DPH) as probe molecules. Atropisomeric compounds (+/-)-1,1'-bi-2-naphthol (BOH), (+/-)-1,1'-binaphthyl-2,2'-diamine (BDA), (+/-)-1,1'-binaphthyl-2,2'-diylhydrogen phosphate (BNP) and Tröger's base (TB) and chiral compound benzoin (BZN) has been enantioseparated. The separations were optimized with respect to surfactant concentration, pH, and borate buffer concentration. SDLL was found to provide better resolution for BOH, BNP, and BZN. On the other hand, SDLIL offers better resolution for BDA. The chromatographic results have been discussed in the light of the aggregation behavior of the surfactants and the interaction of the solutes with the vesicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashok Mohanty
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur 721302, India
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Tamogami S, Awano KI, Amaike M, Takagi Y, Kitahara T. Development of an efficient GLC system with a mixed chiral stationary phase and its application to the separation of optical isomers. FLAVOUR FRAG J 2001. [DOI: 10.1002/ffj.1009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Grosenick H, Schurig V. Enantioselective capillary gas chromatography and capillary supercritical fluid chromatography on an immobilized γ-cyclodextrin derivative. J Chromatogr A 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(96)00805-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Bicchi C, D'amato A, Manzin V, Galli A, Galli M. Cyclodextrin derivatives for GC separation of racemic mixtures of volatile compounds. Part VIII: 2,6-di-O-methyl-3-O-pentyl-γ-cyclodextrin and 2,6-di-O-methyl-3-O-(4-oxo-pentyl)- and 2,6-di-O-pentyl-3-O-(4-oxo-pentyl)-β-and -γ-cyclodextrins. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1995. [DOI: 10.1002/jhrc.1240180506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Enantiomer separation of α-campholene and fecholene derivatives by capillary gas chromatography on permethylated cyclodextrin phases I. Compounds separable with single columns. J Chromatogr A 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0021-9673(94)01072-m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Jung M, Schurig V. Chirasil-Dex-TFA: A new polysiloxane-bonded and immobilizable cyclodextrin stationary phase for enantiomer separation by GC. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1993. [DOI: 10.1002/jhrc.1240160506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Bicchi C, Artuffo G, D'Amato A, Manzin V, Galli A, Galli M. Cyclodextrin derivatives for the GC separation of racemic mixtures of volatile compounds. Part VI: The influence of the diluting phase on the enantioselectivity of 2,6-Di-O-methyl-3-O-pentyl-β-cyclodextrin. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1993. [DOI: 10.1002/jhrc.1240160402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Fotiadu F, Fathallah M, Jaime C. Molecular mechanics calculations on the differentiation of diastereomeric complexes ofcis-decalin with?-cyclodextrin. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1993. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00708761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Bicchi C, Artuffo G, D'Amato A, Manzin V, Galli A, Galli M. Cyclodextrin derivatives in the GC separation of racemic mixtures of volatile compounds, part V: Heptakis 2,6-dimethyl-3-pentyl-β-cyclodextrins. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1992. [DOI: 10.1002/jhrc.1240151104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Bicchi C, Artuffo G, D'Amato A, Galli A, Galli M. Cyclodextrin derivatives in the GC separation of racemic mixtures of volatile compounds: Part IV. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1992. [DOI: 10.1002/jhrc.1240151005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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König WA, Gehrcke B, Icheln D, Evers P, Dönnecke J, Wang W. New, selectively substituted cyclodextrins as stationary phases for the analysis of chiral constituents of essential oils. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1992. [DOI: 10.1002/jhrc.1240150603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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