Analysis of fossil-fuel fractions by on-line coupled microcolumn HPLC capillary column GC-MS

An overview of recent advances in HPLC instrumentation

This review highlights the fundamentals and the most prominent advances in the field of HPLC instrumentation over the last decades. Fundamental aspects and practical considerations of column switching, conventional (heart-cut) and comprehensive two-dimensional LC are presented. Different aspects of microcolumn- and nanoliquid-chromatography are reviewed. Recent progress in column technology and the demands and developments in instrumentation and accessories for miniaturized LC are also discussed. In the field of miniaturization, particularly in chip-based nano-LC systems, some aspects on micro-fluidic chip fabrication, using particle-packed HPLC microchips or polymer-based monoliths, are addressed. An introduction to ultra performance LC (UPLC) is also presented.

Recent developments in microcolumn liquid chromatography

An overview of the most recent developments in microcolumn liquid chromatography (LC) is presented. A short theoretical discussion on chromatographic dilution and extracolumn bandbroadening is given and also the recent progress and advances in column technology and instrumentation are reviewed. However, the emphasis of this review is on miniaturized sample clean-up, sample introduction techniques and on both established and more recent detection techniques for microcolumn LC. The hyphenation of miniaturized LC columns with other techniques, specifically on multidimensional chromatography and the coupling of microcolumn LC to mass spectrometry is discussed in detail. Both the on-line and automated off-line interfacing to other separation and detection techniques will also be addressed. Finally, a number of typical microcolumn LC applications are presented in order to demonstrate the potential of microcolumn LC methods in a variety of scientific areas.

On-line high-performance liquid chromatography-solvent evaporation-high-performance liquid chromatography-capillary gas chromatography-flame ionisation detection for the analysis of mineral oil polyaromatic hydrocarbons in fatty foods

An automated on-line method is described that involves a first LC separation on a large column, evaporation of a 6-ml fraction in an on-line solvent evaporator, a second LC separation using a different mobile phase, fractionating the components of interest and transfer to GC through the in-line vaporizer/overflow interface. The method is designed for the injection of a large amount of food extract (e.g. up to 200 mg of fat) and is applied to the analysis of mineral oil material in a linseed oil.